山西省中学校园欺负行为现状及影响因素调查

毋瑞朋; 卢次勇; 李鹏声; 郭蓝; 黄业恩

doi:10.11847/zgggws1113594

山西省中学校园欺负行为现状及影响因素调查

Prevalence and relative factors of school bullying behaviors among high school students in Shanxi province

摘要

摘要:
目的了解山西省中学生校园欺负行为现状及其影响因素，为校园欺负行为干预提供参考依据。
方法于2014 — 2015年采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，抽取山西省9 905名中学生进行匿名问卷调查。
结果 9 905名中学生中，过去30 d卷入欺负行为、欺负、被欺负、欺负–被欺负行为的流行率分别为8.8 %、4.2 %、6.8 %和2.3 %，卷入欺负行为流行率在不同性别、学校类别、目前在家和谁一起居住、家庭经济状况、父母婚姻状况、学习压力及负担、不上学的社会朋友数、和同学及老师的关系、当前是否饮酒、是否有儿童期虐待（情感、躯体及性虐待）之间差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，男生（OR = 1.983, 95 % CI = 1.683～2.336）、初中生（OR = 2.168, 95 % CI = 1.671～2.813）、拥有社会上的朋友数≥3个（OR = 1.435, 95 % CI = 1.170～1.759），和同学及老师的关系差（OR = 5.466, 95 % CI = 2.538～11.770；OR = 2.624, 95 % CI = 1.654～4.162）、目前在家和母亲一起居住（OR = 1.369, 95 % CI = 1.004～1.867）、父母偶尔吵架（OR = 1.301, 95 % CI = 1.100～1.539）、当前饮酒（OR = 1.787, 95 % CI = 1.453～2.197），儿童期情感、躯体和性虐待（OR = 2.333, 95 % CI = 1.899～2.865；OR = 2.389, 95 % CI = 1.760～3.243；OR = 3.857, 95 % CI = 3.159～4.709）经历均是中学生卷入校园欺负的危险因素，家庭经济状况较好（OR = 0.648, 95 % CI = 0.437～0.961）和学习压力没有–较小（OR = 0.677, 95 % CI = 0.526～0.872）是中学生卷入校园欺负的保护因素。
结论山西省中学生校园欺负行为发生较为普遍，应从个人、学校及家庭等多个层面应对校园欺负行为。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the prevalence and relative factors of school bullying behaviors among high school students and to provide evidences for the intervention on school bullying.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 9 905 high school students randomly selected from Shanxi province with stratified cluster sampling in 2014 and 2015. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information about school bullying behaviors and risk factors.
Results The prevalence of bullying-related behaviors, bully, bully victim, and bully-bully victim during previous 30 days among the students were 8.8%, 4.2%, 6.8%, and 2.3%, respectively; the prevalence of being involved in bullying-related behaviors differed significantly by gender, type of school, family members living together, family economic status, parental marital status, study stress and burden, number of non-student friends, relationships with classmates and teachers, whether drinking alcohol, and whether having history of child abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) (all P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that risk factors of bullying-related behaviors for the students included male gender (odds ratio OR = 1.983, 95% confidence interval 95%CI = 1.683 – 2.336), being a junior high school student (OR = 2.168, 95%CI = 1.671 – 2.813), having three or more social friends (OR = 1.435, 95%CI = 1.170 – 1.759), poor relationship with teachers and classmates (OR = 5.466, 95%CI = 2.538 – 11.770; OR = 2.624, 95%CI = 1.654 – 4.162), living only with his/her mother currently (OR = 1.369, 95%CI = 1.004 – 1.867), occasional quarrel between parents (OR=1.301, 95%CI = 1.100 – 1.539), alcohol drinking (OR = 1.787, 95%CI = 1.453 – 2.197), and with the history of childhood physical, emotional and sexual abuse (OR = 2.333, 95%CI = 1.899 – 2.865; OR = 2.389, 95%CI = 1.760 – 3.243; OR = 3.857, 95%CI = 3.159 – 4.709); whereas better family economic status (OR = 0.648, 95%CI = 0.437 – 0.961) and with lower study stress (OR = 0.677, 95%CI = 0.526 – 0.872) were protective factors against bullying-related behaviors.
Conclusion Bullying behaviors is common among high school students in Shanxi province and appropriate measures should be taken by students, schools and families to cope with campus bullying.

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