Vaccination schedules of PCV and PPV in 140 member states of World Health Organization
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摘要:
目的 了解世界卫生组织(WHO)140个成员国肺炎球菌疫苗免疫程序,为优化中国肺炎球菌疫苗免疫策略提供参考依据。 方法 汇总WHO网站2018年2月28日更新的疫苗可预防疾病监测公开数据,分析WHO 140个成员国肺炎球菌疫苗的种类、常规免疫程序、接种年龄和地区分布。 结果 WHO的140个成员国中,有118个(84.3 %)国家实施3剂肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(PCV)免疫程序,21个(15.0 %)国家实施4剂PCV免疫程序,1个(0.7 %)国家实施 ≥ 5剂PCV免疫程序;PCV为3剂的118个国家中,59个(50.0 %)国家在2月龄开始接种,47个(39.8 %)国家在1.5月龄开始接种;PCV第2剂和第3剂在全程接种3剂且选择基础免疫3剂和全程接种≥4剂的81个国家中,分别有44个(54.3 %)和43个(53.1 %)国家在2.5月龄和3.5月龄接种;PCV第2剂和第3剂在全程接种3剂且选择基础免疫2剂加强免疫1剂的59个国家中,分别有40个(67.8 %)和39个(66.1 %)国家在4月龄和12月龄接种;PCV第4剂接种月龄在接种 ≥ 4剂的22个国家中,6个(27.3 %)国家在15月龄接种,5个(22.7 %)国家在18月龄接种。WHO公布肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPV)免疫程序的40个国家中,17个(42.5 %)国家在欧洲区(EUR),13个(32.5 %)国家在美洲区(AMR),7个(17.5 %)国家在西太平洋区(WPR),3个(7.5 %)国家在东地中海区(EMR);PPV多推荐接种1剂次,22个(55.0 %)国家在 ≥ 50岁人群接种。 结论 WHO 140个成员国的PCV 常规免疫程序根据肺炎发病情况分为基础免疫3剂、基础免疫2剂加强免疫1剂和基础免疫3剂加强1剂,PPV多推荐接种1剂次,中国可根据国内肺炎球菌性疾病的流行水平、特征及疫苗各剂次时间安排等因素确定相应的免疫策略。 -
关键词:
- 肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗(PCV) /
- 肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPV) /
- 免疫程序 /
- 成员国 /
- 世界卫生组织(WHO)
Abstract:Objective To analyze immunization schedules of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) in the 140 member states of World Health Organization (WHO) and to provide evidences to optimizing pneumococcal vaccine vaccination strategy in China. Methods We collected publicly-accessible relevant data updated till February 28, 2018 from the WHO website and then analyzed vaccine type, number of doses, recommended ages for each dose and region distribution of PCV and PPV among the 140 member states of WHO. Results Among the 140 WHO member states, 118 (60.8%) and 21 (15.0%) states adopted three- and four-doses PCV immunization schedule; only one state used five or more doses immunization schedule. Of the 118 member states with 3 doses PCV vaccination schedule, 59 (50.0%) and 47 (39.8%) administered the first dose when the infants aged 2 and 1.5 months; of the 81 states with 3 doses PCV as both full and primary immunization or with 4 or more doses as full immunization, 44 (54.3%) administered the second dose when the infants aged 2.5 months and 43 (53.1%) administered the third dose when the infants aged 3.5 months; of the 59 states with 3 doses PCV as the full immunization of two primary immunization plus one booster immunization, 40 (67.8%) administered the second dose when the infants aged 4 months and 39 (66.1%) administered the third dose when the infants aged 12 months; of the 22 states with 4 or more doses of PCV as full immunization, 6 (27.3%) and 5 (22.7%) administered the fourth dose when the infants aged 15 and 18 months. Among the 40 member states with PPV vaccination schedule, 17 (42.5%), 13 (32.5%), 7 (17.5%), and 3 (7.5%) were in WHO division of Region for the Europe (EUR), Americas (AMR), Western Pacific (WPR), and Eastern Mediterranean (EMR), respectively; the majority of the states adopted one dose of PPV vaccination schedule and 22 (55.0%) of the states administered the one dose PPV to the population aged 50 years or older. Conclusion The routine PCV immunization schedules adopted by the140 member states of WHO include 3-dose of primary immunization, 2-dose of primary plus 1-dose of booster immunization, and 3-dose of primary plus 1-dose of booster immunization based on the prevalence of pneumococcal pneumonia. One dose of PPV vaccination is the schedule adopted by the majority of the member states. China can establish PCV immunization strategies according to the epidemic and characteristics of pneumococcal diseases in the country. -
表 1 WHO 140个成员国PCV免疫程序
剂次 免疫程序(月龄) WHO各区域及成员国数 成员国名单 AFR AMR EMR EUR SEAR WPR 合计 3(3p + 0) 1 2 3 1 1 WPR:巴布亚新几内亚 2 3 4 4 4 AFR:博茨瓦纳、冈比亚共和国、布基纳法索、刚果共和国 2 4 6 1 7 1 1 10 AFR:安哥拉;AMR:安提瓜和巴布达、巴巴多斯岛、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔、圭亚那、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜;EUR:阿塞拜疆;WPR:澳大利亚 1.5 2.5 3.5 31 1 5 6 43 AFR:贝宁、布隆迪、喀麦隆、中非共和国、科特迪瓦、刚果民主共和国、厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚、加纳、几内亚比绍、肯尼亚、莱索托、利比里亚、马达加斯加、马拉维、马里、毛里塔尼亚、莫桑比克、纳米比亚、尼日尔、尼日利亚、卢旺达、圣多美和普林西比、塞内加尔、塞拉利昂、斯威士兰、多哥、乌干达、坦桑尼亚联合共和国、赞比亚、津巴布韦;AMR:海地;EMR:阿富汗、吉布提、巴基斯坦、苏丹、也门;WPR:柬埔寨、斐济、基里巴斯、老挝、菲律宾、所罗门群岛 3(2p + 1) 1.5 2.5 4.5 1 1 SEAR:孟加拉国 2 3 12 2 2 EUR:格鲁吉亚、乌兹别克斯坦 2 4 12~23 1 1 AMR:乌拉圭 2 4 10 2 2 EUR:阿尔巴尼亚、斯洛伐克 2 4 11 3 3 EUR:奥地利、法国、荷兰 2 4 11~14 1 1 EUR:德国 2 4 12 1 12 2 12 27 AFR:阿尔及利亚;AMR:阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、多米尼加共和国、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、墨西哥、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、委内瑞拉; EMR:利比亚、摩洛哥;EUR:白俄罗斯、匈牙利、以色列、哈萨克斯坦、卢森堡、摩纳哥、葡萄牙、摩尔多瓦共和国、西班牙、瑞士、比利时、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 2 4 12~15 3 3 EUR:塞浦路斯、拉脱维亚、立陶宛 2 4 13 1 1 EMR:阿曼 2 4 15 1 1 AMR:哥斯达黎加 2 4 9 1 1 WPR:蒙古 2 4.5 15 1 1 EUR:俄罗斯联邦 2 5 12 1 1 EUR:吉尔吉斯斯坦 2 6 12 1 1 EUR:爱尔兰 3 4.5 12 1 1 EUR:斯洛文尼亚 3 5 11 1 1 EUR:圣马力诺 3 5 12 5 1 6 EUR:丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威、瑞典;WPR:新加坡 3 5 13 1 1 EUR:安道尔 3 5~6 11~13 1 1 EUR:意大利 4 6 12 1 1 EMR:黎巴嫩 1.5 2.5 9 1 1 SEAR:尼泊尔 1.5 3.5 9 2 2 AFR:毛里求斯、南非 4(3p + 1) 2 3 4 12~23 1 1 WPR:日本 2 3 4 12 1 1 EUR:保加利亚 2 4 6 12 1 1 1 3 EMR:沙特阿拉伯;EUR:土耳其;WPR:马绍尔群岛 2 4 6 12~15 2 1 3 AMR:美国、加拿大;WPR:韩国 2 4 6 13 1 1 WPR:密克罗尼西亚联邦 2 4 6 15 1 2 3 AMR:巴哈马;EMR:巴林王国、卡塔尔 2 4 6 18 3 2 5 AMR:牙买加、圣卢西亚岛、特立尼达和多巴哥;EMR:科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国 3 5 7 15 1 1 WPR:帕劳 1.5 3 5 15 2 2 WPR:新西兰、纽埃 1.5 3 4.5 16~17 1 1 ERU:亚美尼亚 ≥ 5 2 4 6 2~3 1 1 ERU:希腊 合计 39 28 14 40 2 17 140 表 2 WHO 40个成员国PPV免疫程序
免疫程序(年龄) WHO各区域及成员国家数 成员国名单 AFR AMR EMR EUR SEAR WPR 合计 > 50 1 1 AMR:尼加拉瓜 > 60 1 1 AMR:巴拿马 > 60 + 5 1 1 AMR:委内瑞拉 > 64 1 1 EUR:西班牙 > 65 1 1 2 AMR:阿根廷;EUR:瑞典 ≥ 18 1 1 EUR:俄罗斯 ≥ 2 2 2 AMR:特立尼达和多巴哥、美国 ≥ 50 1 1 WPR:密克罗尼西亚 ≥ 60 2 2 4 AMR:巴拉圭、哥斯达黎加;EUR:卢森堡、德国 ≥ 65 2 1 3 2 8 AMR:加拿大、墨西哥;EMR:巴林;ERU:以色列、爱尔兰、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国;WPR:澳大利亚、韩国 ≥ 65 + 5 1 1 WPR:日本 15~16 1 1 EUR:亚美尼亚 2~50 1 1 AMR:安提瓜和巴布达岛 60 1 1 WPR:菲律宾 65 1 1 AMR:智利 高危人群 1 2 8 2 13 AMR:乌拉圭;EMR:科威特、阿拉伯;EUR:塞浦路斯、法国、希腊、摩纳哥、葡萄牙、圣马力、塞尔维亚、斯洛文尼亚;WPR:新西兰、新加坡 总计 13 3 17 7 40 -
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