Self-reported respiratory symptoms and their associates among rural women in Huaihe River Basin: an Answer Tree analysis
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摘要:
目的 了解淮河流域农村女性居民呼吸系统症状的发生情况及其影响因素,为中国慢性呼吸系统疾病的预防控制提供科学依据。 方法 收集2015年11月 — 2018年10月淮河流域典型县区农村居民暴露参数与环境风险因子调查数据库中在当地居住 ≥ 3年的1394名20~75岁非吸烟女性居民相关数据进行呼吸系统症状发生情况分析,并采用分类树模型分析其呼吸系统症状发生的影响因素。 结果 淮河流域1394名农村女性居民中,报告有咳嗽/咳痰症状者253例,咳嗽/咳痰症状报告率为18.1 %;报告有喘息/气短症状者379例,喘息/气短症状报告率为27.2 %;报告有呼吸系统症状者484例,呼吸系统症状报告率为34.7 %。分类树模型分析结果显示,使用气体燃料做饭者的咳嗽/咳痰症状报告率(14.1 %)低于未使用气体燃料做饭者的咳嗽/咳痰症状报告率(23.2 %),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 19.061,P < 0.001);年龄 ≥ 50岁者的喘息/气短症状报告率(30.9 %)高于年龄非 ≥ 50岁者的喘息/气短症状报告率(19.7 %),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 19.588,P < 0.001);文化程度初中及以上者的呼吸系统症状报告率(27.6 %)低于文化程度非初中及以上者的呼吸系统症状报告率(39.2 %),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 19.416,P < 0.001)。 结论 淮河流域农村女性居民呼吸系统症状报告率较高,其中咳嗽/咳痰症状主要与是否使用气体燃料做饭有关,喘息/气短症状主要与年龄有关。 Abstract:Objective To examine the prevalences of respiratory symptoms and their impact factors among rural female residents in Huaihe River Basin for providing evidences to prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases in the women. Methods The data on 1 394 adult (20 – 75 years) female non-smokers living 3 years and longer in local rural areas were extracted from a sampling survey on respiratory symptom-related exposures and environmental factors conducted in 6 counties/districts of 4 provinces in Huaihe River Basin between November 2015 and October 2018. The prevalences of self-reported respiratory symptoms were examined statistically and impact factors of the symptoms were explored with Answer Tree analysis. Results Respiratory symptoms were reported by 34.7% (484) of the all women and the self-reported prevalences of cough/expectoration and wheezing/shortening were 18.1% (253) and 27.2% (379), respectively. The results of Answer Tree analysis showed that the self-reported prevalence of cough/expectoration was significantly lower (14.1%) among the women using gas as the fuel when cooking at home than that (23.2%) among those using other fuels (χ2 = 19.061, P < 0.001); the self-reported prevalence of wheezing/shortness of breath was significantly higher in the elder women (≥ 50 years) than that in the women less than 50 years (23.2% vs. 30.9%, χ2 = 19.588; P < 0.001); and in the women with the education of 9 years and above, the overall prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms was significantly lower than that in the women with the education less than 9 years (27.6% vs. 39.2%, χ2 = 19.416; P < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms is relatively higher among non-smoking rural women in Huaihe River Basin and the self-reported prevalence of cough/expectoration is associated with cooking fuel and that of wheezing/shortness of breath is correlated with age among the women. -
Key words:
- respiratory symptom /
- occurrence /
- impact factor /
- Answer Tree analysis /
- female residents /
- rural area /
- Huaihe River Basin
1) (吕占禄为本文并列第一作者) -
表 1 淮河流域不同特征农村女性居民呼吸系统症状报告情况比较
特征 调查数 咳嗽/咳痰症状 喘息/气短症状 呼吸系统症状 发生数 发生率(%) 发生数 发生率(%) 发生数 发生率(%) 年龄(岁) < 50 462 64 13.9 91 19.7 128 27.7 ≥ 50 932 189 20.3 c 288 30.9 d 356 38.2 d 体质指数 a < 24.0 754 135 17.9 209 27.7 258 34.2 ≥ 24.0 625 116 18.6 168 26.9 222 35.5 文化程度 a 小学及以下 847 184 21.7 254 30.0 330 39.0 初中及以上 539 66 12.2 d 121 22.4 c 149 27.6 d 婚姻状况 a 在婚 1265 224 17.7 337 26.6 433 34.2 非在婚 118 24 20.3 37 31.4 44 37.3 职业 a 非务农者 334 57 17.1 80 24.0 106 31.7 务农者 1057 194 18.4 298 28.2 376 35.6 家庭年均收入(万元) a < 2 703 136 19.3 213 30.3 268 38.1 ≥ 2 670 112 16.7 159 23.7 c 209 31.2 c 冬季取暖情况 a 不取暖 747 146 19.5 209 28.0 267 35.7 取暖 640 107 16.7 170 26.6 217 33.9 厨房有无通风设备 a 无 982 205 20.9 290 29.5 369 37.6 有 408 48 11.8 d 89 21.8 c 115 28.2 c 做饭燃料 气体燃料 778 110 14.1 194 24.9 246 31.6 其他燃料 616 143 23.2 d 185 30.0 b 238 38.6 c 是否被动吸烟 否 638 111 17.4 154 24.1 204 32.0 是 756 142 18.8 225 29.8 b 280 37.0 b 有无农药暴露 a 无 340 46 13.5 71 20.9 92 27.1 有 1050 205 19.5 b 305 29.0 c 389 37.0 c 饮用水类型 非自来水 245 49 20.0 79 32.2 91 37.1 自来水 1149 204 17.8 300 26.1 393 34.2 有无哮喘/慢性支气管炎家族史 无 1354 235 17.4 362 26.7 460 34.0 有 40 18 45.0 d 17 42.5 b 24 60.0 c 有无高血压家族史 无 1244 219 17.6 324 26.0 421 33.8 有 150 34 22.7 55 36.7 c 63 42.0 b 注:a 数据有缺失;各组内比较,b P < 0.05,c P < 0.01,d P < 0.001。 -
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