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2000 Vol. 16, No. 11

Display Method:
The Theory and Applications of Generalized Logistic Regression for Risk Analysis of Fuzzy State(1)—A General Algorithm for Clustering Fuzzy Levels and Selecting Covariates
Liu Yunyuan
2000, 16(11): 965-968. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-01
Abstract:
The concept and statistical methods for weakly correlative factors,influencing the formation and development of chronic diseases,are proposed in this paper.By the aid of fuzzy state analysis, the Cross-Product Difference Sum(CPDS)and the Akaike's Information Criterion(AIC),a general algorithm,clustering fuzzy exposure levels and selecting covariates,is designed for solving problems connected with analytical abilities of detecting and recognozing weakly correlative-influencing factors.
The Theory and Applicatoins of Generalized Logistic Regression for Risk Analysis of Fuzzy States(2)—The Methods of Fitting the “Best” Non-Saturated Model and Estimating Attributable Risk
Liu Yunyuan
2000, 16(11): 968-970. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-02
Abstract:
By the aid of fuzzy state analysis,the Cross-Product Differance Sum and the Akaike's Information Criterion,The metho ds, fitting the best non-saturated model and estimating attributable risk,are suggested in this papper.The realization of fitting the best non-saturated model,breaking through some constraints of nested hierarchy models,can improve the abilities exploring joint actions of weakly correlative-influencing factors.
2000, 16(11): 970-970. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-03
Abstract:
Study On Multiple Risk Factors Of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Disorder
Xie Juan
2000, 16(11): 971-972. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-04
Abstract(1190)
Abstract:
In order to find out the multiple risk factors of high density lipoprotein cholesterol disorder, we have undertaken case-control study of 211 volunteers with questionnaire, diet survey and laboratory examination to get the information. It was found that the prevalence of HDL-CH disorder was 42. 18%, 34. 55% in male and 50. 50% in female. Smoking, obesity, poor labour and motion, high diastolic pressure, high level intake of fat and meat, and low level intake of vegetables were risk factors of HDL-CH disorder.
Gene Expression of ras、 c-erbB-2 and Exploration of Carcinogenic Machenism in Human Skin Cancer Induced by Arsenic
An Yan
2000, 16(11): 973-974. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-05
Abstract:
To inv est igate the expression of ras and c-erbB-2 in skin cancer induced by arsenic.By means of immunohistochemical technique using mono clonal antibodies to ras and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins in 10 cases of skin cancer induced by arsenic.The positiv e rate for overexpression of ras and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins in skin cancer induced by arsenic were 90% (9/10)and hig her than those of the reported.The positive position for overexpression of c-erbB-2 and ras were mainly observed on cell memberance and cytoplasm of epithelial cells,respectively.It is sugg ested that the oncogene may play a role in carcinogenic mechanism of arsenic.
2000, 16(11): 974-974. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-06
Abstract:
The Joint Actions of Smoke Inhalation and Iodine Deficiency to Childbearing Women’s Blood Selenium, Lead and Cadmium Contents
Huang Jianguo
2000, 16(11): 975-976. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-07
Abstract(1135)
Abstract:
The study which adopted 2×2 factor-factorial design principle and graphite oven atomic absorptiometer shows that the changes of contents of the toxic elements such like Selenium(Se),Lead(Pb) and Cadmiun(Cd) in women with iodine deficiency(ID)and smoke inhalation(SI) have distinct mutual effect(Pav<0 01).The blood Se's content was 26.5±8.09μg/L,which obviously lower than that of the control(34.2±7.64μg/L);Pb was 143.7±2.34μg/L and Cd was 10.5±4.83μg/L,which obviously higher than the control(97.6±21.7μg/L and 3.8±2.34μg/L).The increase of Se and the decrease of Pb and Cd can be seen with SI single factor,but with ID factor only the increase of Pb can be seen (P<0.01).The results showed that the joint action effects of ID and SI inhibit the absorb and store of trace element inside the human body,in the same time,the coexist of ID and SI can promote the absorb of the toxic elements:Pb and Cd.The population in the ID epidemic area with high Pb content of cause can not rule out the possibility that it is located in communication lines,the effect of automobile's tail gas which promote the lead dust's pollution and make the high Pb background.
2000, 16(11): 976-976. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-08
Abstract:
Passive Smoking and Blood Lead Level
Liu Jianan
2000, 16(11): 977-978. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-09
Abstract:
To research the relationship between passive smoking and blood lead level,the sitution of passive smoking were investigate in 395 preschool children aged 2~6 years with self-designed Questionnaire and their blood lead level were measured to analyze the the relationship between passive smoking and blood lead level.The results showed that the blood lead level and the prevalence rate of lead poisoning(26.98μg/dl,87.45%)in the observation group were higher than that in the contral group(22.24μg/dl,60.81%) significiantly,as the passive smoking increasing,they increased gradually(P<0.05),the Bpb was the highest in 2 year old observation group than in the others,multiple regression analysis showed that passive smoking were associated with blood lead levels.It were obvious that passive smoking affected the blood lead levels of preschool children,2 year old was probably the critical period of passive smoking exposure.
Cost Benefit Analysis on Diarrhoeal Diseases Control due to Improved Drinking Water in Huaibei Rural Area
Chen Xiaodong
2000, 16(11): 979-981. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-10
Abstract(1108)
Abstract:
Sources of drinking water and amount of drinking water consumed were analyzed,among 10092 residents, the diarrhoeal diseases (DDs) were collected in 6 villages provided with deep-well tap water and orther 6 control villages using non-centralized water supply (NCWS) in Huaibei rural area. The results showed that after providing people with tap water from deep-well (TWDW), the amount of drinking water consumed reached the national standard of drinking water quantity to beconsumed in rural area and the drinking water quality was much better than that of NCWS. The average lasting time of DDs was 3.01 days. However 43.45% of the patients did not seek medical assistance.After contolling for confounding factors, the AR% of NCWS for DDs was 59.1%. The results showed that the ratio of cost for TWDW and the benefit gained from the reduotion of DDs was 1:5.43.
Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity Level in Environment near a Urarium Mine
Li Tianlai
2000, 16(11): 982-984. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-11
Abstract(1022)
Abstract:
A survey of natural radioactivity level in environment near the urarium mine in Shanxi province were conducted.The absorbed dose rate from γ radiation in the area was measurmented.The contents of radionuclindes in the sources of drinking water and river,soil and vegetable samples were determined.The radon concentrations in indoor and outdoor air were aslo determined. The results indicated that the natural radioactivity levels in the area were hihger than those of the average levels in the provicial and nationwide,but the majority of the area was within the range of normal natrual background radiation level.The radon concentration was very high in the workshop in grotton and it should be taken measures to reduce the harm of radon and its decay products of the workers.
2000, 16(11): 984-984. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-12
Abstract:
Study on the Characteristics of Molecular Epidemiology for Salmonella Typhi Belonging to Phage Type M1 Isolated in Jiangsu Province
Li Qi
2000, 16(11): 985-987. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-13
Abstract:
Arbitrary Primer PCR (AP-PCR) analysis was used to Study on the characteristics of molecular epidemiology for Salmonella typhi belonging to phage type M1 isolated in Jiangsu Province. Methods 26 isolates of Salmonella typhi belonging to phage type M1 isolated in Jiangsu Province during 1988-1997 were analyzed by AP-PCR. Results Three primers screened among eight primers were suitable for AP-PCR of these isolates. Primer 22732、22733 and 22734 revealed 2、3 and 3 gene types respectively. Seven gene types were revealed combined the results of the three primers. Conclusion More gene polymorphous were obtained in higher strength epidemic years of typhoid fever from the evening of 1980 to the incipient of 1990 than lower strength epidemic years in recent years in Jiangsu province.
2000, 16(11): 987-987. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-14
Abstract:
Study on Antibiotic Resistance and Resistant Plasmids of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
2000, 16(11): 988-989. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-15
Abstract:
To measure the resistant state of N.gonor rhoeae and the distribution of resistant plasmids in Zhanjiang,and then probe their relationship.98 go nococcal epidemic strains obtained from 1998 through 1999 in Zhanjian.(Guangdong)were detected their susceptibilities to ten antibiot ics by disk diffusion method;the plasmids were extracted by alkaline lysis technique,and then analysis the distribution of resistant plasmids.The results showed that 6.12 percent strains were sensitive to all 10 kinds of antibiotics, 48.96 percent strains were resistant to 3 and more kinds of antibiotics.Four kinds of different molecular weight plasmids were found.7.4kb and 4.2 kb plasmids were more prevalent,the percentages were 59.16% and 67.32%.There were 12 types of plasmid profiles.The types of 7.4kb+4.2kb and 39.5kb+7.4kb +4.2kb were primary,being accounted for 38.76%.The trends of multi-drug resistance of N.gonorr hoeae in Zhanjiang were severe;the resistant plasmids were 7.4kb"Asian type" plasmids,the percentages were accounted for 59.16%.But the relationship between the resistant plasmids and their resistance had to be investigated as further.
Analysis of Population Attributable Risk of Cerebral Hemorrhage and Ischemic Stroke
Xu weili
2000, 16(11): 990-991. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-16
Abstract:
In order to investigate risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage and schemic stroke.Mached case-control studies were conducted and ultivariate conditional lo gistic regression analysis.Hypertentio n, ransientischemic attacks(TIA),stroke history of par ents and noring were major risk factors for cerebr al hemorrhage.Their adsted population attributable risk(PARs)were 0.7004,0.1862,.1357,0.2020 respectively.The combined population atributable risk(PAR)for four factors was 0.8381.Hyper tenssio n, IA,alcohol consumption and snoring were major risk factors for schemic stroke.Their PARs were 0.7431,0.1229,0.2403,.4959 respectively.PAR for four factros was 0.9137.But habitual physical activity at leisure time was an independent protective actor.Major risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage and ischemic troke were haply same,they are hypertention,TIA and snoring.
2000, 16(11): 991-991. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-17
Abstract:
The Effects of Selenium on Growth and Differentiation of Cultured Neuron from Rat Embryo Midbrain
Chen Wanrong
2000, 16(11): 992-994. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-18
Abstract:
The effects of selenium on growth and differentiation of primary cultured neuron from thirteenth rat embryo midbrain were investigated.The cultures of cells were exposed to 0 01~10 0μmol/L Na2SeO3 and observed the changes of proliferation of neurons using MTT stain. The degree of differentiation and morphological changes of neurons were examined by means of scanning electron microscope and phase-contrast microscope.The results showed that low Se concentration (0.01~0.1μmol/L) can stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cultured neurons with a relationship of does-effect response.While the higher Se concentration (over 1.0μmol/L) can inhibit it, highest Se concentration(10μmol/L) can cause cytotoxicity.Low Se concentratation is helpful to growth and differentiation of neurons from rat embryo.
2000, 16(11): 994-994. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-19
Abstract:
The Effects of Cadmium on Proto-oncogene c-myc Expression in Rat Liver Cells, in Vivo Studies
Yu Rian
2000, 16(11): 995-996. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-20
Abstract:
The research studied the effects of cadmium chloride on proto-oncogene c-myc expression in rat liver cells with Northern Dot Hybridization. The results showed: at the dose of 5μmol/kg, 10μmol/kg,20μmol/kg, cadmium chloride can induce proto-oncogene c-myc expression obviously and c-myc protein can be detected in rat liver cells with immunohistochemistry. The research infers that at certain dose,cadmium can induce proto-oncogene c-myc expression in rat liver cells.
2000, 16(11): 996-996. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-21
Abstract:
The Cellular and Biochemical Effects on the BALF of the Rats after Inhalation of TPA Dust
Shi Aimin
2000, 16(11): 997-998. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-22
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The cellular and biochemical effects on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of the rats after inhalation of TPA dust were analysed.The average geometric concentrations of TPA dust in experimental groups were 8.93mg/m3, 274.45mg/m3 and 618.12mg/m3 respectively. It was discovered that pulmonary alveo}ar macrophages (PAMs) in BALF of the rats exposed to TPA dust at the middle and high concentrations were significantly decreased while acid phosphatase (ACP) was significantly increased, and NAG in the high concentration group was significantly increased as compared with those in the control. The results showed that PAMs of the rats could be injured. The change inthe protein content In BALF suggested that immlune process might be involved in the lung damage induced by TPA inhalation.
2000, 16(11): 998-998. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-23
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The Effect of Kangqiang Selenium and Selenium Polysaccharide on Cell Cycle of Livers of Rats Poisoned with Arsenic
Zheng Jinping
2000, 16(11): 999-1001. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-24
Abstract(1020)
Abstract:
ntagonism of Kangqiang Selenium and Selenium Polysaccharide against arsenic.The cell cycle was observed with the flow cytometer.The percentage of cell in G0/G1 phase was decreased,but the percentage of cell in S and G2+M phases and the proliferation index(IP)、the DNA relate content(DNARC)were increase greatly,which shows that the production of DNA increased and the cell were arrested in G2+M phases.The selenium compounds (Kangqiang Selenium and Selenium Polysaccharide)could protect against the effects of arsenic on livers cell cycle in rats.The antagonism of Kangqiang Selenium with 0.2mgSe3+/kg was stronger than it with 0.1mgSe3+/kg and same as Selenium Polysaccha2 ride.It shows that arsenic could interfere with the liver cell cycle. which was related to the liver cancer induced by arsenic.Kangqing Selenium and Selenium Polysaccharide could actively protect against the effects of arsenic.
The Effects of TCDD on Pregnant Cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca Fascicularis) and its Pregnancy Outcome
Cuo Yumei
2000, 16(11): 1001-1002. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-25
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Females macaques were administrated single doses of 1,2, 4μg/kg TCDD(n=4 per dose group)on gestational day(GD)12. The controls(n=7)received the same dosing volume of acetonecoin oil.The results showed that poor appetite,weight loss,alopecia,dermatitis,anemia and other toxic reactions were recorded since rtrteatment day 10,and early fetal loss occurred between GDs 22 and 32 in 10 of the 12 animals treated,with TCDD.The results demonstrated that toxicity was induced by low level TCDD in pregnant macaques and pregnancy outcomes were affected too.
Comparison of Membrane Toxicity between Two Extracts Using ULG and LG
Yuan Dong
2000, 16(11): 1003-1004. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-26
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The usage of unleaded gasoline(UL G)was initiated in Shanghai on Oct.1997.In order to explore whether the ULG can decrease the cell membrane toxicity.Two kinds of gasoline including ULG and leaded gasoline(LG)were tested on Engine Dynamometer under the condition of idle and medium-duty.The gasoline exhaust particulates(GEPs)were collected and the or ganic matter adsorbed was extracted.And In vitro Chinese hamster Lung(CHL) cells culture was carries out.Cells were treated with extr acts separately to detect the release of cytosolic enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH)and the fuidity of K+,Ca2+.The results demonstrated that the concentration of LDH in medium and Ca2+ insids cells increased and that of K+ inside cells decreased accordingly.Doseresponse relatio nships were also found,which suggested GEPs had the ability of damag ing cell membrane and could cause the leakage of LDH,K+ out of cell and the inflow of Ca2+ into cell.
The Inhibitory Character of Acanthopanax Giraldii Harms Var Hispidus Hoo Polysaccharides on the in Vitro Human Gastic Cancer Cell
Lu Xiaoying
2000, 16(11): 1005-1006. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-27
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To investigate the inhibitory character of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms Var Hispidus Hoo polysaccharides(AGP)on the human gastric cancer cell the clony forming assay and MTT assay were adopted.AGP significantly inhibited the gastric cancer stem cell,while they effected the cell of healthy people very slightly. AGP may be efficient and safe to be utilized to prevent and cure cancer.
2000, 16(11): 1006-1006. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-28
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Effects of Naked Oats Flour and Hippophace Rhamnoides Juide Fortification Naked Oats Flour on Rat Lipids and Blood Viscosity
Wang Zhongxia
2000, 16(11): 1007-1008. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-29
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The effects of naked oats flour and hippophace rhamnoides juice forification naked oats fluor on the blood lipids serum lipid peroxidation(LPO) and blood viscosity were studied while hyperlipemia was brought out by feeding SD rats with high fat forages.The test results show that the naked oats flour and Hippophace Rhamnoides juice fortification naked oats flour can obviously reduce blood cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and serum Lpo.At the same time,it can increase the values of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and HDL-C/TC.And the blood viscosity of the rats studied decreased.This study implys that naked oats flour and Hippophace Rhamnoides juice fortification naked oats flour has substantial hyperlipidemia and blood viscosity effects.
A Study on Zinc Requirement in Childhood Aged 5~6 Years Old
Liu Ying
2000, 16(11): 1009-1010. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-30
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Based on present Chinese dietary composition、nutritional condition and zinc metabolic balance,we suggest that 5-6mg dietary zinc intake is enough for children 5-6 years old.5-6mg zinc intake could be the zinc requirement for them at present.We gave a multiple regression formula to estimate zinc intake:Zinc intake=-0.426+0.053×protein intake(g)+0.003×phosphorus intake(mg)+0.234×zinc retention(mg)+0.078×fiber intake(g).Dietary factors influencing zinc requirements have been identified.Zinc requirements will change with the different levels of dietary factors.
2000, 16(11): 1010-1010. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-31
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The Application of Fix-effect and Mixed-effect Models to the Mesurement Error Estimation
Yao Shuxiang
2000, 16(11): 1011-1012. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-32
Abstract(1016)
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To investigate on statistical methods for the assessment of exposure measurement erorr.Concentratoins of radon,radon daughters and dust in underground mines measured by the Labor Protection Institute of Yunnan Tin Cooperation as an example,a fixedeffect model and a mixed-effect model were fitted to calculated the reliability coeffcients.All of the estimated reliability coefficients were close to 1,which showed that the data were under well controlled.It indicats that both fixed2effect and mixed-effct models could work as useful methods for the assessment of measurement error,if applying with caution.
2000, 16(11): 1012-1012. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-33
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Study of Serodiagnosis method for Lyme Disease Using Protein of Flagellin of Borrelia Burgdorferi
Li Xinjun
2000, 16(11): 1013-1014. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-34
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Using recombinant truncate protein of flagellin of Borrelia burg dorferi as diagnosis antigen,selecting 30 serum from patients with Ly me disease as sample,and relative negative control,we had estabished 2 kinds of methods for diagnosing Lyme disease.Results show ed that the specificity of 2 methods is high,and the sensibility of double-antibody sandw ich ELISA is 60%,higher than that of indirect ELISA,Our results demonstrated the advantage of the truncate protein as diagnosis antigen,and its applied feasiblity.
Study on the Application of Light Scattering Method Instead of Filterpaper Weight Method in Monitoring Thoracic Particles(PM10) in Air of Public Place
Tan Lifeng
2000, 16(11): 1015-1017. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-35
Abstract:
In order to select a better fit method for the monitoring thoracic particles in air of public place and supply proofs for the establishment of national standard method for hygienic examination of thoracic particles in air of public place.P-5L2 light scattering dust analyser,LD-1 laser dust monitor and filterpaper weight method were used to monitor thoracic particles at the same time in spring,summer,autumn and winter in four types of public places of Chang zhou area.The results showed that quality ocncerntration and relative concerntration have significant correlation(r1=0.7787,P<0.001;r2=0.7526,P<0.001),and the conversion coefficient (K) of relative concentration andquaity concentration was demonstrated approximate normal distribution.The average coefficient of P-5L2 light scattering dust analyser and LD-1 laser dust monitor were 0.0163,7.42×10-4 respectively.The conversion coefficient did not vary with type of public place,season and whether using air conditioner or not.The monitoring results were stable.So it is feasible to apply light scattering method instead of filterpaper weight method.And P-5L2 light scattering analyser and LD-1 laser dust monitor have much compatibility in monitoring thoracic particles in public place.In view of differences of convers coefficient among different areas.Therefore,the conversion coefficient should be measured before using the apparatus.
2000, 16(11): 1017-1017. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-36
Abstract:
Typing of Vibrio Cholerae with 16SrRNA Gene Probe and ctx A Gene Probe
Rui Yongyu
2000, 16(11): 1018-1019. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-37
Abstract(1196)
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Vibrio cholerae strains were differnetiated by using 16SrRNA gene probe and ctx A gene probe.Two probes were developed by PCR method with DIG molecular.60 E1 Tor(EVC)and 10 O139 strains isolated form patients in Guangdong province and 2 refrence strains were analysed.By using 16SrRNA gene probe, strains were divided into 4 types(A、B、C and D),and most strains were type B.By using ctx A gene probe,strains were divided into 2 types,and type B was predominant type.Predominant types of strains isolated from Guangdong province cooperated with those of strains from other districts of China and South east of Asia.
2000, 16(11): 1019-1019. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-38
Abstract:
Epidemiological Analysis of Syphilis in China from 1979 to 1998
Gong Xiangdong
2000, 16(11): 1020-1022. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-39
Abstract(1035)
Abstract:
To understand trends and epidemiological characters of syphilis past years in China and provide scientific basis for making control strategies.From 1979 to 1998,syphilis case-reporting data collected from all provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities were analyzed with epidemiological methods.Results Since first case of syphilis was reported in Chongqing in 1979,the reported cases have increased year by year,especially after 1993, they raised sharply.The incidence rate of syphilis was 4.31/100, 000 in the country in 1998.which was as 25 times as that in 1993.In the period of 1993-1998,annual average growth of incidence rate of syphilis was 90.9%.Syphilis spread from coastal opening cities to inland urban area,then to rural area.There were 4 regions with high incidence rate of syphilis in 1998(the Yangtse Delta,the Zhujiang River Deita,the Nontheast,Beijing and Tianjin area),and there was a great difference in incidence and growth of syphilis in different areas.the ratio of male and felmale cases was reducing from 1.72:1 in 1991 to 1.10:1 in 1998.20agegroup rate was the highest and 10-14 was the lowest.Secondary syphilis cases have been more than that of primary ones since 1996.There was highly significant between in constitutes of clinical stage of syphilis cases of male and female(P<0.001), which primary syphilis was tlle most common in male and secondary ones in felmale.Recently the propotion ofsyphilis in 8 sexually transmitted diseases mounted gradually from 1.53% in 1994 to 8.50% in 1998.The study indicated that the Epidemiological situation of Syphilis in China became severer,we should pay seriously attention to that.
2000, 16(11): 1022-1022. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-40
Abstract:
The Analysis on the Effect of the Poliovirus Vaccine Supplemental Immuniztion from 1993 to 1998 in Shandong Province
Wang Shaohua
2000, 16(11): 1023-1025. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-41
Abstract:
The effect of OPV NIDS for 8 rounds of 4 times from 1993 to 1998 in Shandong province was analyzed comparatively,The results showed that the vaccinated target children were increased and the loss-chance vaccinated children were decreased year by year.The vaccine coverage rates were higher among children of 1 to 4 age groups than those of 0-age group,which meant that children of 0-age group were still important target population for OPV vaccination though they could make compensation for their vaccination in the future immunization activities.The effect and quality,including the reliability and accuracy of the reporting data of NIDs vaccination,were also much better than those of routine immunization.All above indicated that the OPV supplemental vaccination on the basis of the routine immunization was still recommended as the first-choice strategy for the following poliomyelitis eradication activities.
2000, 16(11): 1026-1026. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-42
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2000, 16(11): 1027-1028. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-43
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2000, 16(11): 1029-1030. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-44
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2000, 16(11): 1030-1030. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-45
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2000, 16(11): 1031-1032. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-46
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2000, 16(11): 1032-1032. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-47
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2000, 16(11): 1033-1034. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-48
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2000, 16(11): 1034-1034. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-49
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2000, 16(11): 1035-1035. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-50
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2000, 16(11): 1036-1037. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-51
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2000, 16(11): 1037-1038. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-52
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Investigation on AIDS Related Knowledge and Their Demand among Continued Education Medical Students
Wang Quanyi
2000, 16(11): 1039-1040. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-53
Abstract(1043)
Abstract:
364 continued medical students of a medical college in Beijing were investigated to probe their AIDS related knowledge and their demands.R esults showed that their knowledge was better than that of medical personnel by similar investigations.In addition, 77.7% subjects reported having experiences of skin injury and 49.3% of them thought it was possible to get HIV infected.86.2% subjects thought it was not enough what they had learned on AIDS and 84.2% of them thought that knowledge on AIDS should be lectured as a special course.As for all items of knowledge on AIDS,more than half of subjects thought they demanded very much.This study indicated that there were high demands on AIDS among continued medical students,and continuous education was a good way to improve their knowledge on AIDS.
2000, 16(11): 1040-1040. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-54
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2000, 16(11): 1041-1042. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-55
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2000, 16(11): 1042-1042. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-56
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2000, 16(11): 1043-1044. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-57
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2000, 16(11): 1044-1044. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-58
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2000, 16(11): 1045-1047. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-59
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2000, 16(11): 1047-1047. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-60
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2000, 16(11): 1048-1050. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-61
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2000, 16(11): 1050-1050. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-62
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2000, 16(11): 1051-1053. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-63
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2000, 16(11): 1053-1054. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-64
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2000, 16(11): 1055-1056. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-65
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2000, 16(11): 1057-1057. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-66
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Investigations on Developing Management Information Systems of Disease Control Computer Network
Guo jie
2000, 16(11): 1058-1059. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-67
Abstract:
Developing Management information systems(MIS)is one of the major projects in building disease control computer network. Because MIS has both technology and management specialities,actually it is a very complex system engineering to develop.In this paper,some key problems in the process of developing MIS of disease control computer network are discussed.
2000, 16(11): 1059-1059. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-68
Abstract:
2000, 16(11): 1060-1060. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2000-16-11-69
Abstract: