2003 Vol. 19, No. 5
Display Method:
2003, 19(5): 1-3.
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Objective To search aninstant early and rapid diagnostic method to determine coronavirus. Methods Firstly, mouthwash(NPA)fluid is collected from 163 SARS patients, 28 suspected cases, 43 medically observatory cases and 33 health individuals.FQ-PCR and reagent kits are used to test coronavirus. Results There are 93(57.1%)SARS patients hospitalized within three days and 70(42.9%)SARS patients hospitalized within four to twenty days.53 of the 93 patients are tested with positive coronavirus.The total positive rate is 57.0%.Furthermore, the positive rate in the first, second and third day of hospitalization are 50.0%, 69.2% and 45.5% respectively.The total positive rate of the 70 patients hospitalized more than four days is only 7.1% That is 3.4% among 28 suspected cases.The positive rate is negative among the 17 hospitalized cases with fever and waiting for determination, 43 medically observatory cases and 33 health individuals.Through testing coronavirus in mouthw ash fluid in different incidence time, it can be found that virus positive rate of the coronavirus is highest in the second day of hospitalization.The positive rate begins to decline in the third day of hospitalization and reaches the lowest level after the fourth day of hospitalization. Conclusion The method has high sensitivity, specificity and can detect at least one copy of gene.It can meet the demands for clinical diagnosis as well as screening and detecting medically observatory cases and closely contacting persons.It can be used at all times to determine the quantities exactly with little error.The method is used under full-sealed conditions, which can eliminate false positive result.The package is for one person with stable quality and facility in use.It satisfies the demands of Ministry of Public Health and Supervisory of National Food and Drug A dministrative Bureau.It can be used in clinical diagnosis extensively.
2003, 19(5): 3-4.
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Objective To describe the operation of the sur veillance and notification system on the SARS epidemic in Guang zhou and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity so as to identify and improve the unreaso nable sectors of the system and lay a good foundation for the sur veillance and notification of sudden public health incidents in the future. Methods The establishment and operation of the surveillance and notification system on the SA RS epidemic in Guangzhou are described and relevant statistical analysis are applied to evaluate the system. Results It takes 3.5 days for a suspected case to be confirmed and repor ted to the gover nment.Only 2 cases(2/1 204)are not reported(0.16%).The percentage of erroneous diagnosis is 11.50%.A total of 16 cases(11.32%)are reported twice or more. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of the system is fairly good.A djustments are made in a timely manner to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the epidemic data.
2003, 19(5): 513-515.
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Objective Nickel, chromium, and other metal poisons are confirmed as chemical carcinogens to human.The effects of nickel, chromium and other metal poisons on the development of human lung cancer are investigated. Methods 55 lung cancer patients tumor specimens and 23 normal lung tissues from benign lung lesion cases and accidental deaths are collected.The metal poisons like cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), beryllium(Be), and metalloid arsenic(As) are detected by Inductively Coupled Plasms-Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-A ES).The specimens are stratified by cell types and smoking status.These metal poisons are also detected in tumorous tissues from nude mice inoculated with human bronchial epithelial cells which are transformed by sulfide nickel(NiS)and BPDE(anti-Benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide) in vitro. Results Some kinds of metal poisons are determined in the lung tissues of general population.Ni content is higher in lung cancer specimens than that in normal lungs(10.5172±2.6739)μg/g dried lung tissue(mean+/-SD)versus(4.121 8±2.175 2)μg/g, t=10.14, P < 0.01.Similar tendency is found in Cr content, i.e.(7.690 6±3.101 2)μg/g versus(4.124 4±2.753 8)μg/g t=5.04, P < 0.01.In smokers, Ni and Cr content are higher than that in non-smokers, P < 0.05.In squamous cell carcinoma, Ni content is higher than that of adenocarcinoma(12.560 9±2.345 5)μg/g versus(8.237 7±2.782 8)μg/g, t=6.25, P < 0.01.Transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells are induced by sulfide nickel(NiS)and BPDE in vitro.The transformed cells were injected to nude mice, and grow as tumorous tissues.Nickel content in nude mice's tumor from NiS treated cells is 4.3 times higher than that from BPDE transformed cells(21.00μg/g versus 4.88μg/g dried tumor tissue). Conclusion Nickel, chromium and other metal poisons are the risk factors of human lung cancer.Smoking is an important un-occupational exposure to metal poisons.
2003, 19(5): 515-517.
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Objective To investigate the effects of sulphur dioxide inhalation on the activities of GST, G6PD and changes of lipid peroxidation in male mice. Methods Sixty male Kunming strain mice were randomly divided into three large groups, each one is twenty.Each large group was composed of sulphur dioxide inhalation sub-group and control sub-group.Sulphur dioxide inhalation concentrations in three groups were respectively(22±2)mg/m3(low group), (64±3)mg/m3(medium group), (148±23)mg/m3(high group).At the end of experiments the activities of GST, G6PD and content of TBARS were measured in brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney of mice respectively. Results In the case of sulfur dioxide inhalation concentration as 148±23 mg/m3, the activities of GST, G6PD in brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney of mice were observed significantly decreased(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).The TBARS levels in brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney were significantly increased(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion Sulphur dioxide inhalation can induce injury of mice through the oxidative stress, which was a severe effect of the activity changes of GST, G6PD and TBARS.Sulphur dioxide can induce oxidative damage of many organs in mice.
2003, 19(5): 518-520.
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Objective To study the impact of low-level lead on the growth and survival of primary cultured hippocampus neurons. Methods To establish the technique of primary culturing hippocampus neurons of newborn rat with serum-free medium.Being treated with different dosage of PbCl2, the growth and survival of the cultured cells were observed at different time-point. Results Even low level of 10-7 mol/L Pb2+ could delay the neurite's outgrowth, shorten the neurite's length and decrease the neuron's survival rate.When Pb2+ increased, its toxic effects increased. Conclusion Low-level lead inhibited the neurons'growth and survival.
2003, 19(5): 521-522.
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Objective To study the relationship between apoptosis and cell cycle of spleenly mphocyte treated with sulfur mustard. Methods Lymphocytes were separated from the spleen of Wistar rats and were cultured in vitro.Using flowcytometry, DNA ag arose gel electrophoresis, apoptosis, cell cycle, DN A fragments were detected respectively. Results Sulfur mustard could induce apoptosis on lymphocyte.And also, sulfur mustar d could affect cell cycle obviously, mainly causing S and G2/M cycle decreased and lymphocyte blocked at G1 cycle stage.The DNA content of lymphocyte increased in G1 cycle, and decreased in S cycle.Hypodiploid DNA peak(apoptosis spike)was detected by FCM assay.The DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed a ladder strap(DN A ladder). Conclusion Lymphocyte could be arrested at G1/S cycle stage and the growth of cell cycle could be suppressed by sulfur mustard.The mechanism might be carried out through sulfur mustard-induced apoptosis in lymphocyte.
2003, 19(5): 523-524.
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Objective To study the effects of 9-A Con apoptosis in HL-60 cells and possible intracellular factors involved in the process. Methods HL-60 cells were treated with 9-AC to induce cell apotosis.Three international accepted criteria for monitoring apoptosis were adopted, including transmission electron microscopy, agarosegel DNA electrophoresis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter(FACS). Results 9-AC could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells, with its concentration most opt imal at 5×10-4 mol/L.Forty-eight hours treatment of HL-60 cells with 9-AC at above concentration induced remar kable apoptotic phenomena as typified as: Ultrastr uctural changes formed the so-called apoptotic bodies, typical DNA ladder, symbolizing inter nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA were observed by using agarosegel electrophoresis of isolated DNA from HL-60 cells.FACS analysis revealed markedly apoptotic peak-subdiploid peak. Conclusion 9-AC could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells.
2003, 19(5): 525-527.
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Objective To explore sciodemographic factors on SRHMS V1.0. Methods SRHMS V1.0 was applied to measure 2000 individuals'health for the study of its sciodemographic factors. Results Self-rated health was significantly differential in age, marriage, educational level, profession and economic income, and not significantly differential in sex, race and residence. Conclusion SRHMS V1.0 had good predictive validity.It could reflect self-rated health of different population, subjectively and concretely.
2003, 19(5): 528-529.
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Objective To study the epidemiology of CMV infection in Qinba mountainous area with higher prevalence of mental retardation in children. Methods Three hundred and sixty-seven pregnant women were monitored with ELISA and PCR and presented with questionnaire.CMV-DNA in urine of 63 neonates within two weeks, whose mother infected CMV during pregnancy and CMV-DNA in breast milk two weeks after delivery of 61 women infected and 84 women non-infected were detected. Results Infection rate of CMV in mental retardation prevalent areas was 19.62%, the incidence of transmission in utero was 33.33%.The incidence of excretion by breast milk was 39.02%.CMV infection during pregnancy related to age, education, economic states, pregnant frequency and pathological delivery.It had no relation with gestational age. Conclusion CMV detection in mental retardation prevalence areas should be paid much attention.Less education, worse financial condition, more frequent and pathological delivery should be regarded as high risk factors of CMV infection during pregnancy.
2003, 19(5): 530-531.
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Objective To study the effect of rapid eye movement sleep(REMS)deprivation on the expression of mRNA coding for neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)of different brain regions of rats. Methods The flower pot technique was adopted to deprive the REMS of Sprague-Dawley rats for 24 h.The expression of mRNA coding for nNOS of hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebral cortex in rats was assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results The expression of nNOS mRNA of hypothalamus and hippocampus in rats increased significantly in group of REMS deprivation for 24 hours(P < 0.01).There was no difference in the expression of nNOS mRNA of cerebral cortex among group of REMS deprivation for 24 hours and large-table control group(P > 0.05).There was no difference in the expression of nNOS mRNA of cerebral cortex among group of REMS deprivation for 24 hours and large-table control group(P > 0.05). Conclusion The expression of nNOS mRNA of hypothalamus and hippocampus can be upregulated markedly after 24 h sleep deprivation, which must be one of the mechanisms of complicated influence of sleep deprivation on functions of central nervous system.
2003, 19(5): 532-533.
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Objective To explore the relationship between life style and blood pressure. Methods To investigate males aged 45-55 in five workshops of a Chongqing plant. Results Mean age was 51, and mean SBP and DBP were 120.21 mmHg(15.99 kPa) and 79.89 mmHg(10.63 kPa).Prevalence of hypertension was 20.3%;prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 16.7%;rate of overweight(BMI≥25 kg/m2) was 23.4%.SBP and DBP were positively associated positively with BMI(partial correlation coefficient: 0.33 and 0.41 P < 0.01).Logistic regression analysis indicated that relative risks(95% CI) of overweight for the risk of HT was 4.92(2.43-9.95).Sodium excretion of 24 hours showed a weak positive correlation with blood pressure(r=0.23, r=0.22, P0.05).Means of sodium/potassium ratio was 6.77, and the percent of sodium/potassium ratio higher than recommendation(ratio < 3) was 98.55%.Males with higher educational level(receiving education year ≥10 years) had lower blood pressure, lower sodium excretion, and lower ratio of sodium/potassium. Conclusion Overweight and higher dieted sodium was the risk factor for prevalence of hypertension.Education played an important role in public health for controlling high BP in Chinese population.
2003, 19(5): 534-535.
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Objective To observe the protective effects of soybean isoflavones coordinated with folic acid and mechanism on rats. Methods The pregnant rats were randomly divided into positive and negative control groups and five expreimental groups according to their body weight, cyclophosphamide were given to made the neural tube defects model.The biochemical indices were checked, the morphological changes of the embryos were checked through optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results (1) The SOD activities increased while MDA、NO declined in every prevention groups.The changes showed dose-effect response relationship with soybean isoflavones; (2)The frequency of abnormalty decreased, moreover there was the best effect in the group of folic acid coordinated with 40 mg/L soybean isoflavones; (3)The develop mental index of embories significantly improved compared with the model-making grouop; (4)Under optical microcopy and transmission electron microscopy, the nucleus and the organelles were not significantly damaged or the impairment were diminished. Conclusion Soybean isoflavones showed strong antioxidant effect coordinated with folic acid in a conformateddose which can decreased frequency of abnormalty more effectively than folic acid alone.
2003, 19(5): 536-537.
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Objective To investigate the influence of genistein on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-435S. Methods Time and dose effects of genistein were detected using M TT assay.The influence of different time and dose on the cell cycle was observed by flow cytometry.The relationship of dose effects of apoptosis was observed in fluorescent microscope with acridium orange/ethidium bromide staining. Results Genistein inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-435S cell line, the higher the dose and/or the longer the time, the more obvious the effects.Furthermore, genistein could block cell cycle progression in G2-M, which varied with different dose and time.Genistein induced cell apoptosis, which depended on the dose. Conclusion Genstein could inhibite the proliferation of human breast cancer's MDA -MB-435S cell line in vitro, the role of genistein may be the two pathways of apoptosis and cell cycle blocking.
2003, 19(5): 538-540.
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Objective To observe the antimutagenicity and filter effect of the main mutagens in mainstream of cigarette smoke by adding curcumin in the filter. Methods The accumulatants of the mainstream of cigarette smoke were collected by eight tunnel manipulated autosmoking machine.The mutagenicity and the main mutagens were tested by Ames test, RPHPLC methods in two groups added curcumin or not in the filter. Results The positive mutagenicity was found in all samples of the noncurcumin group.A significantly diminished mutagenicity and decreased BaP, Tar, TPM, and nicotine level were observed while adding curcumin in the filter, especially at the concentration of 2.4 mg/ml. Conclusion The mutag enicity of the accumulatants in the mainstream of cigarette smoke can be decreased effectively and the BaP, Tar, TPM, and nicotine level can also be lowed by adding curcumin in the filter.
2003, 19(5): 540-541.
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Objective The effect of magnesium on heat shock gene expression in endothelial cells induced by H2O2 was studied. Methods The cultured human umbilical veinendothelial cells were divided into 4 groups(group of control, group of H2O2, group of Mg2+ and group of H2O2+Mg2+).The extent of cellular lipid peroxides was deter mined by measuring the for mation of TBARS, and expression of HSP70 by the method of immunohisto chemistry staining. Results Compared with the group of H2O2, the formation of TBARS of groups H2O2+Mg2+ at all doses was decreased(P < 0.05), and the expression of HSP in the groups H2O2+Mg2+ at all doses increased significantly(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion The effect of magnesium on protecting cells from oxidative stress was probably related to its action on heat shock gene expression.
2003, 19(5): 543-544.
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Objective To study the changes of artrial natriurctic factor and renin-angiotension-aldosteron and their relationship when an organism got to the area with high elevation rapidly. Methods Thirty rats were carried rapidly from Qingdao(with an elevation of 10 m)to Xining(2 261 m)and Tianjun(3 800 m).Plasma ANP and rennin, angiotensin Ⅱ aldoster one activities were dynamically tested. Results When rats were carried into plateaus rapidly, their plasma ANP concentrations increased significantly(P < 0.01), concentr ations of renin an angiotensin Ⅱ increased, and the plasma aldosterone concentrations decreased. Conclusion Bioctive substances had important physiological effects on rapid adaptation of organisms to the plateau environment.
2003, 19(5): 544-546.
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Objective To measure the A IDS-related risk behaviors and the prevalence of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among female drug users in Guangdong province. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted by way of anonymity with self-designed questionnaire among 143 female drug users in one of Women Re-education Center in Guangdong and blood samples were collected and tested for HIV, HCV and syphilis. Results (1) 143 blood samples were collected and 7 of them were confirmed anti-HIV positive.The prevalence of HIV, HCV and syphilis in 143 drug users were 4.9%, 83.2%(119/143)and 32.9%(47/143)respectively and in 115 IDUs were 6.1%(7/115), 95.7%(110/115)and 32.8%(42/115)respectively.(2)Among 115 IDUs 72.2% was reported lifetime sharing needles.44.5% female drug users were reported sharing needles during the 30 days before entering re-education center, of them 48% shared needles with their regular sexual partner.(3)During one year before entering re-education there were 128 people who ever had sexual intercourse.40.6% of them was reported having more than one sex partners, 57.8% having a IDU sexual partner and 27.3% trading sex for money/drugs.74.1% was reported never using condom with their regular sexual partner during the 30 days before entering re-education center.(4)14% was reported having STD and 50% having STI-related symptoms in one year before entering re-education center. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection were high among female drug users in Guangdong.Risk behaviors relating to HIV such as needle sharing and unsafe sex existed commonly.Effective intervention programs should be taken immediately to prevent the HIV transmission among female drug users and from them to the general population.
2003, 19(5): 546-547.
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Objective To find the epidemic feature of pregnant syphilis and to explore the effective way to decrease the influence on the perinatal. Methods To make a retrospective study on 41 patients diagnosed after being screened by syphilis rapid plasma reponse test(RPR)and treponema pallidum puticulate agglulinate test(TPPA)from 1997 to 2002.To use penicillin in the whole treatment and make a trail. Results Among the patients, the juniors and unemployees occupied 85%.The rate of their husbands with syphilis was 100%, including 29.3% Hongkong residents.Pregnant insidious syphilis 97.5%, 6519% patients were diagnosed in week 20 of pregnancy and 58.5% were treated.The death rate of the perinatal in treated group(0.0)and congenital syphili rate(8.0%)were lower than untreated group(58.5% and 85.7%, Par < 0.01). Conclusion Pregnancy complicated syphilis had severe influence on death of the perinatal, which was an important factor on spreading congenital syphilis.So, it is important to find early and have a whole treatment.Enhancing the pregnant safe behaviors wasthe useful method to aviod being reinfected.
Relationship between pollution of alga and microcystins in source water and digestive system cancers
2003, 19(5): 548-550.
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Objective To assess the eutrophication and discuss the relationship between the pollution of alga and microcystins and digestive system cancers. Methods The data from the typical surveillance and the published research papers are packed up and re-analyzed.The drinking water's physical and chemical index were sampled and determined according to GB5750.The sample and determination of alga and chlorophyll were conducted according to "regulation for investigation on eutrophication of lakes".Microcystins were determined with ELISA method. Results Categories of algae were mainly cyanophyta, cryptophyta, euglenophyta, chlorophyta.The grade of eutrophication can be classified successively as the most eutrophic, Luoma lake, Beishan Water-reservoir, river freshwater in Rudong and Canal, mesotrophic, and Yangtse river the oligotrophic.The descending ranking of microcystins positive rate was ditch-pool water, river water, shallow-well water, while that of deep-well water was zero.The water out of water plants whose source water were Tai lake contained microcystins.The highest death rate of liver cancer was found in the habitants who drank and used the house ditch water, and then pool water, river water, the lowest was shallow-well water.Popular regions of alimentary canal tumors were mainly ones where source water were eutrophicated and had comparatively high mycrocystins. Conclusion The pollution of alga and alga toxins became the important factor of universally aggravating source water.The eutrophication and pollution of alga and microcystins did harm to human's health, which clearly indicated the relation between alga, microcystins and high popularity of tumors.
2003, 19(5): 550-551.
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Objective To compare the relative content of the malaria exflagellation-inducing substance in the heads and the salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi. Methods Under the unit organ concentration and the unit protein concentration, the exflagellation-inducing activity in the head supernatant and the salivary gland supernatant was examined by using in vitro exflagellation assay of plasmodium berghei. Results Both the head and the salivary gland of Anopheles stephensi contained malaria exflagellation-inducing substance.The exflagellation-inducing activity in the head was higher than that in the salivary gland under the same unit organ concentration.The activity in the salivary glands was higher than that in the heads under the same unitprotein concentration. Conclusion The salivary gland of female Anopheles stephensi mosquito contained malaria exflagellation-inducing substance in a high concentration, which may play an important physiological role in malaria exflagellation in the midgut lumen of Anopheles mosquitoes.
2003, 19(5): 552-554.
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Objective To examine whether sodium selenite could weaken or remove the proliferative inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) induced by cispatin. Methods PHA-stimulatd human PBL were incubated with cisplatin alone or in combination with sodium selenite.Cisplatin was administered to the 72 hours cultures of PBL with three different concentration(0.05, 0.20, 0.50mg/L) at 24 hours after PHA stimulation.Sodium selenite was added with a single dose of 0.05 mg/L at 0 hour or at 24 hours after PHA stimulation for different treatment.Mitotic indices(MI) of transformed lymphocytes were tested at the end of 72 hours cultures. Results Sodium selenite at dose of 0.05mg/L enhanced MI of transformed lymphocytes in response to PHA stimulation by 42.8%(P < 0.05) and 13.7%(P > 0.05) above the control values when the chemical was administered respectively at 0 hour and at 24 hours after PHA stimulation.When cells were exposed to cisplatin from 0.05mg/L to 0.20mg/L, Mi of transformed lymphocytes had no significant alteration compared with control cells, however, when exposed to cisplatin at 0.50mg/L, MI was reduced by 54.5%(P < 0.001) compared to control cells.Proliferative inhibition caused by cisplatin at 0.50mg/L were counteracted and a normal MI was obtained when the cells were pretreated with sodium selenite, but when sodium selenite was simultaneously added with cisplatin, the MI inhibition by the agent could only partially enhanced. Conclusion Sodium selenite at 0.05 mg/L could directly promote cell proliferation when PBL were treated with it alone.When it was used as protectant to cotreat PBL in combination with cisplatin, it can reduce cisplatin cytotoxicity, and protect PBL against the antiproliferative effect of the agent.More effective results could be obtained when it was administered to the system at the beginning of the culture.
2003, 19(5): 555-557.
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Objective To inquire into the mechanism of air pollutants to respiratory inflammation. Methods Rats with 180-220 g weight were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were control group, lower, middle and higher dose groups.Rats of dose groups were separately poured into 7.5, 15 and 30mg pollutants by upper respiratory tract and exposed to SO2, NO2 of 8, 5;16, 10, 32, 20mg/m3 for seven days.On the first day and eighth day after contaminated, ACP, AKP, SA, LDH, CP, whole proteins and white proteins in serum, and ACP, AKP, SA, LDH, whole proteins in BALF were measured. Results On the first day after exposed pollut ants.AKP, SA, CP in serum of higher dose rats were increased and higher than that of control rats.There was significant difference(P < 0.05).SA, LDH and whole proteins in BALF showed increasing and higher than that of control group.Especially LDH, whole proteins still were in high level at the eighth day.On the eighth day after exposed pollutants, SA, CP, white proteins in serum of higher dose rats were also higher than that of control rats(P < 0.05). Conclusion Air pollutants could impair bronchoalvellar lavage membrane and damage respiratory tract and pulmonary, which lead to the change of biochemical indicators and respiratory disease.
2003, 19(5): 559-560.
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Objective To probe into the influence of 5 km reiteration hypobaric hypoxia on the content trace elements in mice's livers and spleens. Methods Mice were divided into two groups, group of 5 km hypobaric hypoxia for 30 min and ground control group.In experimental group the mice were exposed to 5 km hypobaric hypoxia for 30 min and successive for 7 d.At the eighth day mice were executed, and livers and spleens were taken to dry to eternal weight.Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to detect the contents of Zn, Fe, Cu in livers and spleens of mice. Results The contents of Cu, Fe in mice's livers at group of 5 km reiteration hypobaric hypoxia had significant difference compared with the control group(P < 0.05).So did the content of Fe in mice's spleens(P < 0.05). Conclusion 5 km reiteration hypobaric hypoxia caused the contents of Fe, Cu in mice's livers decreased, the content of Fe in mice's spleen increased.
2003, 19(5): 561-562.
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Objective To investigate the changes and characteristics of rabbit's lipid per oxidation and antioxdation system induced by alcoholism. Methods To make rabbits alcoholism by using the wine containing 50% of alcohol at dosage of 8 ml/kg·d by pouring into stomach with a plastic tube for 6 months and to observe the changes of the serum super oxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), antio xidant ability(AOA)in 4, 12 h and 1-6 months. Results After pouring 4 hours, the AOA and SOD activity reduced, MDA increased remarkably.Then after 24 hours and in 1-2 months AOA, SOD and MDA did not change significantly.In 3-6 months, AOA and SOD activity decreased, MDA increased in 4-6 month gradually ag ain. Conclusion Shortter mex cessive intake of wine can remain compensation ability for antioxidation, though may lead to peroxidation and decreaseant oxidation ability, ot herwise, long-ther mexcessive may induce the deficiency of compensation ability for antioxidation.
2003, 19(5): 563-565.
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Objective To study the change of obesity related index in diet-induced obesity-resistant(DIO-R) rats and diet-induced obesity(DIO) rats. Methods Fifty male Sprague-dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into control group and high-fat group and they were fed with basic diet and high-fat diet respectively for 13 weeks.DIO-R and DIO rats were selected according to their body weight, then the intake of total calorie and body fat contents, the level of blood glucose, blood fat and serum leptin were determined. Results The intake of total calorie in the first 5 weeks was not significantly different between DIO-R and DIO rats(P > 0.05), but at the end of the experiment, the intake of total calorie of DIO-R rats was significantly lower than those of DIO rats(P < 0.05).The body fat contents, blood glucose, blood fat, TG and CHO of DIO-R rats were lower than those of DIO rats(P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between DIO-R and DIO rats in the level of HDL-C(P > 0.05).The level of serum leptin of rats in high-fat diet group increased compared with the rat in basic diet group, but there was no significant difference between DIO-R and DIO rats(P > 0.05). Conclusion High fat diets can induce SD rat to develop obesity and obesity-resistance.An increase in serum leptin may play a part of role in resisting diet-induced obesity of rats.
2003, 19(5): 566-567.
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Objective To study effect of cadmium chloride on physiological function of male reproductive system. Methods Microelement levels in semen were analysed for male workers exposed to cadmium.40 mice were divided into 4 groups: cadmium chloride 3.5, 7.0, 14.0 mg/kg experimental groups and the control group.They were administrated through the stomachs.The ultrastucture in testis, DNA level in testis cells, microelement levels in testis were observed with occupational epidemiologic investigation and animal experiment. Results Cadmium levels in semen of male workers exposed to cadmium were higher than the control group(P < 0.01).Cadmium level in testis were higher(P < 0.05).Ultrastucture in testis converted.DNA level of single cell was lower(P < 0.01). Conclusion Cadmium chloride affected physiological function of male reproductive system, lowered genitality.
2003, 19(5): 567-568.
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Objective To assemble the antibody heavy chain and light chain variable domains by the molecular recombinant technology. Methods Using the PCR, immuno globulin variable(V)region genes are amplified from spleen cells.The VH(variable heav y)and VL(variable light)genes are then linked into ScFv. Results The VH and VL gene are cloned and the ScFv gene fragment are assembled.The fregment is 750 bp. Conclusion ScFv is small molecular and ligated to phage vector and screen fusion protein.The technology is a simple and potential method to make antibody.
2003, 19(5): 569-570.
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Objective To study the anti-oxidative action of PVA on the tissues of mice. Methods Contents of malon-dialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lipofuscin in the heart, liver, brain and kidney of mice were measured using TBA, NBT and fluor escent technique respectively. Results PVA(200, 400 mg/kg·d 30 d)could decrease significantly the content of MDA and the content of lipofuscin in all tissues(P < 0.05).PV A(400 mg/kg·d 30 d)could increase significantly the activity of SOD and decrease significantly the content of lipofuscin and MDA in heart, brain of mice. Conclusion PVA could increase the anti-oxidative action in vivo significantly and prevent lipid peroxidation damages in tissues.
2003, 19(5): 571-572.
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Objective To identify the estrogenic effects of 5 poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs). Methods Ratuterine weightassay and M CF-7 cell proliferation bioassay. Results Benz(a)pyrene, 7, 12-dimet hylbenz(a)anthr acene and pentacene not only induced M CF-7 cell proliferation(P < 0 01)but also increased ratuterin weight(P < 0.01).Benz(a)anthracene and chr ysene neither induced M CF-7 cell proliferation(P > 0.05)nor increased rat uterine weig ht(P > 0.05). Conclusion Benz(a)pyrene, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and pentacene had significant estrogenic effects.
2003, 19(5): 573-574.
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Objective To observe the effect of subchronic lead contaminant on the expression of C-fos mRNA in hippocampus and the capacity of learning and memory of rats. Methods Subchronic acetic lead contaminant was applied on rats(0.2g·kg-1·d-1 as the high dose and 0.1g·kg-1·d-1 as the low dose)for three months.The Y-maze test was used to measure the capacity of learning and memory of each group.At the end of the experiment, the ISH(in situ hybridization) was used to observe the expression of C-fos mRNA in hippocampus after the induction of Y-maze test. Results (1) In step down test the correct percentage of lead group significantly decreased compared with the control(P < 0.01).(2) Results of C-fos mRNA ISH: There were few positive cells of deep colouring in hippocampus of high lead group.A few was observed in low lead group.The C-fos positive cells of deep colouring in hippocampus of control group was concentrated. Conclusion The decrease of C-fos gene expression level in hippocampus had a great link with the impairment of learning and memory induced by lead in rats, and this may be one of the molecule mechanism of lead-induced impairment of learning and memory.
2003, 19(5): 575-576.
Abstract:
Objective To study the effect of oxidative stress on rat's hepatic damage caused by subchronic fluorosis. Methods Rats were given 0, 50, 100, 150 mg/L sodium fluoride in distilled water drinking for three months.The contents of malonyl dialdehyde(MDA), metabolic product of lipid peroxidation and activities antioxidases in fluoride-exposed rat liver were determined.Meanwhile the activities of serum SGPT, SGO T were studied. Results The contents of malonyl dialdehyde(MDA)in rats liver in group of 150 mg/L were significantly higher than control group.The activities of SOD in 100 and 150 mg/L groups were significantly lower than control group and the activities of GSH-Px tended to decrease with the increase of fluoride content in drinking water.The activities of SGPT in 150 mg/L groups were significantly higher than control group.The activities of SGPT in 100 and 150 mg/L groups were significantly higher than control group.There was a significantly positive correlation between MDA and SGPT(r=0.460, P=0.007). Conclusion The balance of oxidative system and anti-oxidative system in rat's liver with fluorosis was broken.The oxidative damage caused by oxidative stress may be the important reason for fluoride-induced hepatic toxicity.
2003, 19(5): 577-578.
Abstract:
Objective To study the effect of temperature on the emission of formaldehyde. Methods A 0.25 m3 simulation chamber was used to investigate the emission of formaldehyde.The experiments were carried out at 29, 30, 32 and 34℃, respectively. Results The emission of formaldehyde was positively correlated with air temperature.According to the emission speeed of formaldhyde, three different phrases can be observed during the course of the formaldehyde emission.They were initial phrase, slow emission phrase and stable phase.Quick emission of formaldehyde was observed in the initial period, then tending to decrease with time. Conclusion The emission of formaldehyde mainly happened in the initial emission period.
2003, 19(5): 585-586.
Abstract:
Objective To study repairing and adjusting function of WEE on radiation damage of mice. Methods The mice's whole bodies were irradiated with a x-ray source and were divided into experimental groups of fed WEE for 10 days before due date or same time but the control was not irradiated only.General symptoms, and 30-day survival rate, and marrow micronucleus rate, and leukocytes to varying time were observed. Results Compared with the control, the symptoms of experimental groups were remarkable better in damaged skin of head and face, intestine mucosae, kidney, etc.30-day survival rate was 86.17% which was raised 41.79%.Porective coefficient was 1.72 and marrow micronucleus rate 4.62‰ lower than the control(12.14‰, P < 0.01).The leukocytes of experimental mice were picked up rapidly on 7, 13, 20, 30 days and were different from the control(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Conclusion WEE can adjust bio-activity for repairing irradiated damages, and might play an important role in radiotherapy of tumor.
2003, 19(5): 587-588.
Abstract:
Objective To explore control measures of taeniasis and cysticercosis in community. Methods Based on the completed epidemiological survey at the experimental site and control site, interventions were carried out by means of controlling sources of infection, training basic level sanitary personnel at two sites, and health education was carried out as an intervention at the experimental site also.One year and six year after intervention, the result was assessed. Results Before control program, the morbidity rates of taeniasis and cysticercosis in the residents were 0.23%, 0.70% at the experimental site and 0.21%, 0.61% at control site, there was no difference between the two sites.One year and six year after intervention, no newly infected patient was found at the two sites.Six year after intervention, the seropositivity rate of the inhibitants at the two sites was 1.04%, and compared with that(3.11%) befor control, seropositivity rate decreased significantly.One year after intervention, ther seropositivity rate of the pigs at the two sites was 1.39%, and compared with that(5.12%) before control, it decreased significantly also.There is no difference between the experimental site and control site for seropositivity rates of human and pigs in the same period.But environmental sanitation was improved, and health consciouseness, knowledge of the masses to prevent the disease was improved obviously at the experimental site compared with the control site. Conclusion The control measures against taeniasis and cysticercosis with controlling sources of infection, training basic level sanitary personnel as the main intervention and health education as a supplementary intervention, based on the understanding of epidemiology, was proved to be effective.
2003, 19(5): 593-594.
Abstract:
Objective To understand the medical service requirements of villagers in Qingdao and its influencing factors. Methods Cluster random sampling was carried out in prevalence survey.Questionnaire was applied to 3700 rural villagers residing in 7 villages. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 28.72%(male: 30.62%, female: 27.20%).There was negative relations between the prevalence rate of chronic diseases and educational level of villagers.Some behavior-related risk factors, such as smoking, drinking, etc increased the danger of falling chronic diseases rate.The two week prevalence rate was 199.73‰(male: 184.78‰, female: 211.83‰).There were negative relations between the two week prevalence rate and educational levels, family incomes. Conclusion Medical service requirements of villagers in Qingdao was high.The medical care delivery system should be disposed rationally for rural villagers.
2003, 19(5): 595-596.
Abstract:
Objective To study the distribution and affecting factors on subhealth of the teachers in institution of higher leaming to provide scientific proof for health care of them. Methods The teachers in nineteen institutions of higher learning were investigated with the same questionaires and the affecting factors on subhealth were analysed by means of logistic regression analysis. Results The risk age was between thirty and forty during which female heavy subhealth was more serious than the male.Working without pleasure, working long time and being short of training are the risk factors of subhealth status. Conclusion Female heavy subhealth should be paid more attention in the risk drove.To aviod subhealth status, the main measures were improving the cognition on subhealth, keeping the happy mood, free of exhaustion, reducing strengthening and working efficiently.
2003, 19(5): 599-600.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the main risk factors of schizophrenia in Xi'an as so to take theoretic foundation to reduce mental illness. Methods A case-control study was conducted to analyze the main risk factors by univariate and multivariate analyses respectively in 101 first episode pattents with sohizophrenia and 101 normal controls. Results Four risk factors, positive family history of psychosis(OR=7.98, 95% CI=2.58-32.58), introversive characters(OR=3.32, 95% CI=1.60-6.94), psychosis traumatic events(OR=5.68, 95% CI=2.01-15.63)and tense relationship with parents(OR=4.27, 95% CI=1.03-17.74)had significant correlation with schizophrenia. Conclusion The development of schizophrenia was caused by both genetic factors and various environmental factors.
2003, 19(5): 629-630.
Abstract:
Objective To know the effects of shcool environmental conditions on happening of child behavior problems. Methods Five hundred and seventy-five pupils in different primary school were investigated by Rutter Child Behavior Scale(parents questionnaire), at the same time their classdroom's conditions were investigated and appraised. Results 8.3% of 575 pupils had behavior problems, the boys with 12.8% was more than the girls(3.8% χ2=15.072, P < 0.01).The key schools(10.7%)was more than the ones in the other schools(4.0% χ2=7.705, P < 0.01).In the survey of their class2 room's conditions, the pupils who hold areas(less than 1.10 m2 of every person)had a high prevalence rate(10.3%); two pupils sitting the same desk and same chair had a high prevalence rate(10.1%), compared with other pupils having their own desks and chairs.The difference had statistical significance(χ2=6.846, P < 0.05). Conclusion Schools and their conditions might influence pupils'mental health.