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2012 Vol. 28, No. 1

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Building of a decision-making system for prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
SUN Jun, FANG Li-qun, ZHANG Wen-yi
2012, 28(1): 1-4. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-01
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ObjectiveTo build a decision-making system for prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)using spatial information technology and information visualization technology.MethodsUnder the support of Windows XP system,ArcGIS Engine 9.2 and Visual Basic 6.0 were used to develop modules for a visualization system,which compiled geographic database,attribute database,and knowledge database with each other closely by Activex Data Object.This visualization system,with geographic information system(GIS)as the core of information,can transform HFRS-related information into knowledge which is important for decision makers.ResultsThe decision-making system for the prevetion and treatment of HFRS,which could comprehensively integrate HFRS monitoring data,animal host data and related geographical environment data and provide tools for field epidemiology investigation,data management and analysis, differential diagnosis,animal host identification,mapping and data export functionality for facilitating multi-departmental data sharing,was established.Conclusioncombining the geospatial data with the diversity of epidemiological data and combining the traditional GIS with multi-information visualization technologies could lead to effective application of spatial information technology in the decision-making of disease prevention and treatment.
Equity in health status among the elderly with different income
WU Yan, XU Yong
2012, 28(1): 4-6. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-02
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ObjectiveTo investigate the equity in health status among the elderly with different econonic condition and to provide the basis for the reform of health sectors and the allocation of health resources.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 635 residents aged ≥60 years selected with multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling from 8 communities in Suzhou city,Jiangsu province.ResultsThe prevalences of chronic diseases and activities of daily living (ADL)limitation were 78.1% and 8.8% among the elderly and the concentration index(CI)of the two prevalences ware 0.043(0.035 for male,0.061 for female)and-0.194(-0.137 for male,-0.216 for female).For the elderly with different income levels of <500,500-999,1 000-1 999,and≥2 000 RMB Yuan per month,the prevalences of chronic diseases were 71.2%,73.3%,80.4%,and 84.2% and the prevalences of ADL limitation were 14.3%,7.7%,7.5%,and 5.7%,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.001 for all).The top five chronic diseases were high blood pressure (51.3%),diabetes(14.2%),heart disease(11.2%),arthritis(11.1%),and high cholesterol(8.3%),with the highest CI for high cholesterol(0.411)and the lowest CI for high blood pressure(0.032).The proportions of the elderly with 1,2,and ≥3 chronic diseases was 44.9%,21.7%,and 7.8%,with the CI values of-0.056,0.128,and 0.214,respectively.ConclusionInequality exists in the health status among the elderly with different income in Suzhow city.
Social-psychological factors on smoking cessation failure among adult males
CHU Cheng-jing, ZHANG Lan, YANG Yan-chun
2012, 28(1): 7-9. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-03
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ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of smoking cessation failure in adult smokers.MethodsTotally 1 012 male smokers(≥25 years old)selected from 5 communities in Mianyang city,Sichuan province were investigated with a questionnaire on smoking behaviors,attitudes of social smoking and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ).The severity of nicotine dependence(ND)was assessed using Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence FTND).ResultsThe age of smokers(t=4.9,P=0.000),extroversion trait(t=-2.850,P=0.005),FTND score(t=-4.962,P=0.000), smoking quit times(t=-4.252,P=0.000),and attitudes and behaviors of social smoking(P<0.05)in successful smoking cessation group were significant different from those of failed smoking cessation group.The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that age(β=-0.131,odds ratio[OR]=0.877),years of smoking(β=0.086,OR= 1.090),FTND score(β=0.144,OR=1.115),craving of cigarettes(β=-1.906,OR=0.149),black mood during smoking cessation period(β=1.392,OR=3.652),and behaviors of social smoking(β=4.261,OR=70.850)were risk factors for smoking cessation(P<0.05).ConclusionExtroversion trait,severe nicotine dependence,peer influence,and negative emotions may be the risk factors for smoking cessation failure among adult smoders.
Time to pregnancy and its influence factors among reproductive couples in their first marriage
WANG Qi-ling, HUANG Jiang-tao, TANG Yun-ge
2012, 28(1): 10-12. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-04
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ObjectiveTo examine the time to pregnancy(TTP)and its influencing factors among reproductive couples in their first marriage.MethodsDescriptive and logistic analysis methods were applied to analyze the information on 13 189 couples during their first two-year marriage collected with a cross-sectional survey in 2007 in Guangdong province.ResultsThe estimated median of TTP for all the couples was 5.67 months.The TTP changed by 1.008 times with a one-year increment of age of the women.The TTP changed by 1.022 times with a one-year increment of age at first menstruation.The TTP of those wives with irregular menstruation was 1.280 times longer than that of wives with regular menstruation.The TTP for the wives with education above high school was 1.140 times as that of the the wives with an education of primary school or below.The TTP of the female migrant workers or workers was 1.110 times as that of female farmer. The TTP for the women with smoking husbands was 1.182 times as that of the women with non-smoking husbands.ConclusionThe biological factors,such as age and menopause status,of the married women have significant effect on their TTP than other factors.
Progression of liver fibrosis in 255 HCV infection patients:a retrospective cohort study
LIU Xiu-wei, YUAN Yuan, WANG Chang-shuang
2012, 28(1): 12-14. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-05
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ObjectiveTo investigate the liver fibrosis progression in hepatitis C virus(HCV)infected patients and its risk factors among paid blood donors in Wangying village of Henan province.MethodsTotally 149 HCV monoinfected and 106 HCV/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)coinfected paid blood donors were enrolled into a cohort and followedup.The blood samples were collected for HCV or HIV antibody test and CD4T,CD8T cell counts,and B ultrasonic examination was performed for liver fibrosis detection.Cox regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of liver fibrosis in HCV patients.ResultsAmong the subjects,25.88% (66/255)were diagnosed as liver fibrosis and the incidence of liver fibrosis was different between the patients of different gender,with and without highly active anti-retroviral therapy,different counts of CD4T and CD8T cell,and types of virus infection(χ2=10.453,P<0.01).Considering liver fibrosis as the end point,the median survive time of coinfected group was 5.74 years earlier than the monoinfected group,with a significant difference(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis indicated that the only risk factor of liver fibrosis was types of virus infected (χ2=10.453,P<0.01).Conclusioncompared with the HCV monoinfected,HCV/HIV coinfected could increase the risk of hepatic fibrosis and accelerate the progression of liver fibrosis.
Sub-health status in male and female Chinese populations
WANG Xiu, HE Yu-min
2012, 28(1): 15-16. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-06
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To explore different sub-health status between populations of different gender.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze sub-health status of 13 439 people in 8 provinces in China.ResultsSubhealth status of male was much more expressed in sexual life(male:5.22±1.06,femal:4.92±0.96),while female was much more expressed in physical and psychological symptoms(physical symptoms score for male:104.53±20.47,for female:110.27±20.90;psychological score for male:53.63±8.04,for female:55.89±7.88;P<0.01).Social adaptability showed no significant gender difference(P>0.05).For somatic symptoms,the men had a hypo-immunity and were susceptible to cold or with a longer period of the disease compared to the woman(P<0.001).While women felt tired easily and frequently had digestive problem,poor sleep,autonomic nervous disorders,allergy,aging apperance,a variety of pain or discomfort,constipation,and frequent drug usage(P<0.001).In psychological symptoms,women showed more depression, anxiety problem,memory loss,and severe stress than men(P<0.001 for all).There was a significant difference in sexual satisfaction score between the men and the women with sub-health(P<0.01)and the men were more likely to worry about sexuality than women(P<0.01).ConclusionThe symptoms of sub-health are different between men and women in Chinese population.
Contraceptive knowledge attitude and behavior after lecture intervention among university students
ZHENG Yan-fang, FENG Cong, CHEN Yuan-fang
2012, 28(1): 17-19. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-07
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a lecture intervention on contraceptive knowledge,attitude,and behavior among university students and to provide evidence for health promotion in colleges and universities.MethodsA total of 9 203 students were selected from eight universities,of which 4 215 had a lecture on contraceptive know ledge and 4 988 had no intervention.A questionnaire survey on contraceptive know dedge,attitude and behavior was conducted before and after the intervention among the students.ResultsBefore the intervention,there were no significant differences in the scores of contraceptive know ledge and attitude between the students with and without the intervention(58.4±14.15 vs 45.7±14.22, 74.54±11.42 vs 74.78±11.13;P>0.05 for all).After the intervention,the score for contraceptive konw ledge in the students with the intervention was significantly higher than that of sdudents without the intervention(63.1±15.56 vs 59.20±14.83,t=13.40;P<0.001).The prevalence of sexual behavior in past six months was significantly higher in the students with the intervention compared to that of students without the intervention(11.46% vs 5.28%,χ2=111.09, P<0.001),but the incidence of accidental pregnancy was significanfly lower for the students with the intervention compared to that of without the intervention(12.26% vs 22.76%,χ2=12.42,P<0.001).ConclusionThe lecture inervention on contraceptive know ledge and attitude could improve contraceptive know ledge and lower unplanned pregnancy rate among university students.
Prevalence and related knowledge of diabetes mellitus among residents of Beijing
ZHAN Yi-qiang, YU Jin-ming, HU Da-yi
2012, 28(1): 19-21. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-08
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ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus,rates of awareness,treatment and control of diabetes mellitus(DM)in Beijing citizens.MethodsTotally 10 054 subjects were randomly selected from different districts of Beijing in 2007.DM was diagnosed according to WHO criteria of 1999.ResultsThe prevalence of DM was 11.0% (11.0% for male and 10.9% for female,P>0.05).The prevalence of DM was the highest in urban residents and low est in suburban residents(P<0.001),and increased with age(P<0.001).The rate of awareness,treatment,and control of DM was 62.0%,55.2%,and 32.2%,respectively,with no gender difference(P>0.05),but increased with age and education level of the residents(P<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of DM is high among the residents in Beijing,but the rates of awareness,treatment,and control are low.The education,screening,and treatment of DM are urgently recommended.
Effect psychological intervention on husband abuse among newly-married couples
ZOU Shao-hong, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Ya-lin
2012, 28(1): 22-24. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-09
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ObjectiveTo reduce the occurrence of spousal violence(SV)by psychological intervention among newlymarried couples.MethodsWe randomly chose 317 newly-married couples registered in 2 districts of Changsha city and screened 93 couples with spousal violence.The couples screened were randomly divided into intervention group(42 couples) and control group(51 couples).Psychagogia instruction and relative trainings for SV prevention were provided to the intervention group 6-7 times within the six months.Meanwhile,no intervention was provided to the control group.After the intervetion 25 couples in the intervention group and 37 couples in the control group accepted a survey with a self-designed SV questionnaire.ResultsThe wives in the intervention group reported a lower rate of husband abuse than that in the control group(56.0% vs 83.8%,P<0.05).The prevalence of SV in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05)and the prevalence of husbands abuse in the interventon group was significantly lower than that of in control group after the intervention(P<0.01).ConclusionPsychological intervention on SV may decrease the prevalence of SV among newly-married couples.
Association of hip circumference with metabolic syndrome in Chinese Mongolian population
LIU Yang, LIU Yong-yue, WANG Jian
2012, 28(1): 25-27. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-10
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ObjectiveTo analyze the association of hip circumference(HC)with metabolic syndrome(MS)and to provide evidence for etiologic study and prevention of the disease.MethodsWith cluster-sampling method,a total of 2 589 Mongolian people in Tongliao city of Inner Mongolia were included in the study.Demographic data was collected;anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured according to standard protocol.Biochemical analysis was conducted on fasting blood samples.Multinomial logistic regression was adopted to analyze the association of HC with MS.ResultsBinary logistic regression show ed that after adjustment for age,gender,smoking,drinking,history of hypertension,body mass index (BMI),and C-reative protein(CRP),successive quartiles of HC were positively associated with MS,with the odds ratios (ORs)and 95% confidence interval(95% CI)of 1.000,2.365(1.299-4.307),5.777(3.302-10.107),and 12.594 (7.008-22.630)for the residents with the HC of<88 cm,88-91 cm,92-96 cm,and≥97 cm,respectively,and a doseresponse relationship(trend test:P<0.001).Multinomial logistic regression show ed positive association of HC with MS after adjustment for age,gender,BMI,and CRP.compared to that of residents with the low est quartile of HC,the OR for the residents with 1-2 components of MS were 1.191(0.884-1.605),1.709(1.232-2.370),and 2.646(1.538-4.551) and those for the residents with≥3 components of MS were 2.112(1.332-3.349),4.910(3.084-7.820),and 10.931 (5.746-20.796)for the HC quartiles of 88-91 cm,92-96 cm,and≥97 cm,respectively,with dose-response relationships(trend test:P<0.001 for all).ConclusionHigh hip circumference was associated with a higher risk of MS among Mongolian residents in Inner Mongolia.
Risk factors and levels of comorbidity of mood, anxiety and alcohol-use disorders in residents of Liaoning province
ZHANG Shu-juan, JIANG Chao, YANG Xiao-li
2012, 28(1): 30-32. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-12
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ObjectiveTo describe and analyze the levels and risk factors for 12-month comorbidity of mood,anxiety and alcohol-use disorders among the residents of Liaoning province.MethodsTotally 1 214 subjects diagnosed with mental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅲ-Revised(DSM-Ⅲ-R)criteria were derived from the Mental Health Survey in Liaoning province.Logistic regression was used to calculate the relative risks of major risk factors for comorbid disorders using subjects with pure disorder as the reference group.ResultsThe comorbid anxiety and mood disorder was the most common comorbid condition.Divorce was significantly associated with the 3-5 times increased risks of comorbid mood and anxiety,comorbid anxiety and mood,and comorbid alcohol use disorder with mood or anxiety disorders.The female has a significantly higher risk of comorbid alcohol use disorder with mood or anxiety disorders than the male(odds ratio[OR]=5.28,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.84-15.15).Rural residents had a significantly lower risk of comorbid anxiety and mood then urban residents(OR=0.57,95% CI=0.36-0.92).ConclusionPsychiatric comorbidity is a common phenomenon among the residents of Liaoning province and the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders need to be improved.
Analysis on quality of life of chronic hepatitis B patients
XU Hong-xia, LI Xiao-qiang, FAN Xue-min
2012, 28(1): 33-35. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-13
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ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of life and its influencing factors among chronic hepatitis B patients.MethodsWith stratified cluster sampling method,from March to September 2010,636 patients from six general hospitals in Ningxia were selected to participate in the survey and were evaluated with the MDS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).The data were analyzed with SPSS11.5 statistical software.Resultscompared with the domestic norm,the scores of the chronic hepatitis B patients'role physical(15.6±35.1),body pain(59.2±16.7),general health (37.5±20.9),social functioning(64.0±26.0),and role emotional(19.0±37.6)were lower(P<0.05).The patients' quality of life had significant differences in gender and age(P<0.05).The age,gender,ethnics were influencing factors of the quality of life of the chronic hepatitis B patients base on logistic analysis.In addition,the age,complications,gender were influencing factors of physical function and smoking,age,medical insurance were influencing factors of mental health.ConclusionThe quality of life for patients with chronic hepatitis B is lower than healthy people and affected by many factors.
2012, 28(1): 35-36. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-14
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Proteomic analysis of differential proteins in interaction of Helicobacter pylori and U937 cell line
WU Qing-gang, ZHANG Jian-zhong, YAN Zi-he
2012, 28(1): 37-39. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-15
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ObjectiveTo search for differential proteins after the interaction of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)and host cells (U937).MethodsTwo Hp strains(26695 and TN2)and cell line U937 were used.Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)and mass spectroscopy were applicated to separate protein and to identify differential protein.The protein maps were then compared by ImageMaster 2Dv3.1.ResultsTwo differential protein spots were found in the gel of 2-DE and the one was identified as heat shock protein 60(Hsp60).ConclusionHp Hsp60 could enter the host cell or connect to the membrane of the host cell and the mechanism needs to be explored.
Dynamics of intestinal lymphocyte in mice treated with complex vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii by intranasal immunization
LIU Cheng-fang, YIN Guo-rong, ZHAO Rui-jun
2012, 28(1): 40-41. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-16
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ObjectiveTo observe the dynamics of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte subsets in mice intranasaly immunized with soluble tachyzoites antigen(STAg)in association with propolis and gamma interferon(IFN-γ).MethodsNinety-six female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into immunized and control group and immunized with 2 doses of STAg plus propolis and IFN-γ against Toxoplasma gondii and phosphate buffer,respectively,at an interval of 2 weeks.The mice were killed 1,2,3,4,6,8,10,and 12 weeks after the 2nd dose,respectively,and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)were isolated and counted.Percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was determined by immunocytochemistry.ResultsThe number of IEL of the mice in immunized group reached a peak value at week 2(2.27×105)and was significantly higher than that of in the control group during weeks 1-4(F=8.42,P<0.01).The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T cells were both higher than those of the control.CD8+ T cells was significantly higher at weeks 1,2,3,4,and 6 than those in the control group (F=6.38,P<0.05),while CD4+ T cells in immunized group increased significantly at week 2 and 3(F=5.64,P<0.05). The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells was higher at week 1 and 2(F=5.74,P<0.05).ConclusionThe immunization with STAg in association with propolis and IFN-γ by intranasal drip can effectively induce immune responses of IEL.
Immunoprophylaxis of ZnuA from Streptococcus suis 2 in mice
LI Xian-fu, PAN Xiu-zhen, HAN Ming-yue
2012, 28(1): 42-44. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-17
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ObjectiveTo test the immunoprophylaxis of ZnuA in Streptococcus suis 2(S.suis)and to provide experimental evidence for the study of sub-unit vaccine.MethodsBased on the sequence of ZnuA of the Chinese strain 05ZYH33 of S.suis 2,the primers were designed and the target DNA fragment was amplified using the genomic templates of different serotypes of S.suis.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of ZnuA of S.suis 2.An assay based on flow cytometry(FCM)was developed to detect the localization of ZnuA on the surface of S.suis 2.Anaimal test was done to study the immunoprotection of ZnuA.ResultsThe target DNA fragment was amplified in most serotypes of S.suis (except strains SS17,21,30 and isolated strain T15).Fluoreseence-activated cell sorting(FACS)analysis and western blot showed that ZnuA localized on the surface of S.suis.Immunization with purified ZnuA could protect BALB/c mice against the challenge with a highly virulent S.suis 2 strain 05ZYH33.ConclusionZnuA could protect BALB/c mice against the challenge of a highly virulent S.suis 2 strain 05ZYH33,which suggests that ZnuA may be a candidate for the development of antibacterial protein sub-unit vaccine.
Immunoregulation functions of millet peptides in mice
LIU Jian-li, CAO Xiang-yu, LI Qi-jiu
2012, 28(1): 44-45. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-18
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ObjectiveTo investigate immunoregulation functions of millet polypeptides in mice.MethodsTotally 160 healthy mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and were orally administered with millet polypeptides at the doses of 250,500,and 1 000 mg/kg·d for 30 days,respectively.Lymphocyte transformation test,determination of 50% haemolysis concentration(HC50),phagocytic function of macrophage,and immune organ index were determined.ResultsDifferent dose of millet polypeptides could enhance lymphocyte transformation.The phagocytic percentage in the mice of 500,1 000 mg/kg·d millet peptides group were 59.45±5.16%,65.7±4.31% ;the phagocytic index were 0.83±0.11,0.88±0.09;HC50 were 171.33±8.77,175.91±9.22.The millet polypeptides treatment group had significant differences in spleen index and thymas index compared with the control group(P<0.01).ConclusionMillet polypeptides exhibit a significant effect on improvement of immune functions in mice.
Effects of air pollutants on SP-A mRNA expression in pulmonary tissue of rats
XIAO Chun-ling, LI Shu-yin, SHANG De-zhi
2012, 28(1): 46-48. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-19
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ObjectiveTo screen sensitive biologic markers and to explore the mechanism of the damage in pulmonary alveolus type Ⅱ epithelial cell(AT-Ⅱ)exposed to atmospheric mix pollutants.MethodsThe air particulate samples were collected with portable sampler for particulate matter of 2.5μm in diameter and glass fiber filter(47 mm).The particulates collected were mixed with normal saline and gavaged into trachea of the rats inhaling mixed air of sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,and carbon monoxide.The effects of air pollutants on pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A(SP-A)expression in pulmonary tissue,blood,bronchoveloar lavage fluid(BALF)of the rats were determined.ResultsThe SP-A mRNA expression level in pulmonary tissue 7 days after the exposure(1.86±1.299)was significantly decreased compared to that of rats with 1 or 30 days exposure(0.930±0.587,0.902±0.378)and that of the control group.The SP-A expression level in pulmonary tissue in 30 days exposure group was significantly decreased compared to 7 days exposure and the control group.The SP-A expression level in BALF of the rats with 30 days exposure was significantly decreased compared to that of with 1 or 7 days exposure and the control group.The SP-A expression level in blood in 30 days exposure group was significantly decreased compared to 1 day,7days exposure and the control group.ConclusionSP-A reflects the function of lung alveolus type Ⅱ cells and SP-A could be used as a specific indicator of lung function.
Protective effect of α-lipoic acid on diabetes cardiomyopathy in rats
KANG Ya-ping, WANG Guo-xian, WEI Xiao-gang
2012, 28(1): 48-50. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-20
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ObjectiveTo explore protective effect of alpha-lipotic acid(ALA)on diabetes cardiomyopathy and its mechanism.MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into normal control,diabetes model,low,moderate and high dose ALA treatment groups with a peritoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)of 60 mg/kg.The rats in ALA treatment groups were administrated by gavage with ALA at the dosages of 15,30,and 60 mg/kg a day for 12 weeks.The contents of blood sugar and serum fructosoamine were detected.Immunohistochemistry method and western blot method were used to determine matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 metal protease organization inhibitory factor-1(TIMP-1)in myocardial tissue of the rats.Resultscompared with those of the control group(4.62±1.03,3.2±0.19),fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine of the diabetic rats(25.45±3.24, 4.43±0.62)were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Cardiac function test showed that left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP)increased and left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),±dp/dtmax declined significantly in diabetecs rats compared with those of control rats(P<0.05 for all)and the protein expressions of MMP-2(68.9±4.35),MMP-9 (87.38±11.10),TIMP-1(81.82±9.61),and MMP-9/TIMP-1(1.07±0.06)were also significantly up-regulated in the diabetic rats(P<0.05 for all).compared with the diabetic group,fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine of the ALA treated rats were significantly decreased(P<0.05 for all)and LVEDP(5.60±0.98 mmHg)deccreased significantly (P<0.05)and LVSP(127.55±5.45 mmHg)elevated(P<0.05).The protein expression of MMP-2(62.26),MMP-9 (76.78),TIMP-1(72.87)and MMP-9/TIMP-1(1.03)of ALA treated rats were significantly decreased compared to those of the diabetic model rats(P<0.05 for all).ConclusionALA has protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through regulating MMPs and TIMP-1.
Relationship between apoptosis and pErk in manganese-treated PC12 cell line
XU Wen, XU Qiang, DONG Da-hai
2012, 28(1): 51-53. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-21
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ObjectiveTo observe apoptosis related cell morphology,biochemical changes and phosphrylations of phosphoralated extracellularc signal-regulated kinase(p-Erk)in pheochromocytoma cells(PC12)exposed to manganese at different concentration and exposure time.MethodsPC12 cells in logarithm growth period were incubated in culture media with 200,400,600,and 800μmol/L manganese(MnCl 2)for 1,2,3 and 4 days,respectively.The cell viability was examined with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasolium bromide(MTT)and morphological changes of PC12 cells were investigated with transmission electron microscope.Agarose gel electrophoresis was adopted to detect the genomic DNA of Mn-treated PC12 cells.Western blot was used to test p-Erk in manganese-treated PC12 cell at different time and concentration of the exposure.ResultsManganese at different concentrations could suppress the proliferation of PC12 cells in doseand time-dependent manner at 1,2,3,4 days,respectively.The cell inhibited ratio on the fouth day in 600μmol/L MnCl 2 group approached 50% or more and the apoptosis was observed with transmission electron microscope as well as biochemical hallmark of DNA fragments.The results of western blot showed that the phosphorylation of Erk of PC12 cells exposed to 600μmol/L MnCl2 increased gradually on the 1st,2nd,3rd,and 4th day,respectively.The activation of Erk on the 3rd day was 6.6 times higher than that of control group(n=3,P<0.05).The phosphorylation of Erk was enhanced by the exposures of 200,400,and 600μmol/L MnCl2 in PC12 cells within 4 days.The activation of Erk of 400μmol/L MnCl2 treated group at the 4th day was 4.7 times higher than that of control group(n=3,P<0.05).ConclusionThe neuron toxicity of manganese could induce apoptosis in PC12 cells by down-regulaton of p-Erk.
Behavioral alterations and changes of nNOS expression in brain of offspring rats born by cesarean section
HU Zhi-ying, WANG Jing, HUANG Jian-ying
2012, 28(1): 53-55. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-22
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ObjectiveTo explore the potential behavioral alterations in the Morris water maze test and the changes of neural nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)expression in the brain of offspring rats born by cesarean section.MethodsThe pregnant rats were randomly allocated into vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups.Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on day 21 of the gestation.Morris water maze tests were performed on postnatal day 30 and 115.Then the offspring rats were sacrificed and their brain tissues were collected on postnatal day 7,30 and 115.Using immunohistochemical staining,the expressions of nNOS in the cortex of frontal lobe,hippocampus and corpora striatum were detected.ResultsMorris water maze results showed that the escape latency of the offspring rats,on postnatal day 115,in vaginal delivery group was significantly shorter than that of cesarean group(19.36±10.51 s vs 30.51±14.11 s,P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining manifested that the density of nNOS positive cells in frontal cortex of 30-day-old offspring rats in cesarean section group(3.60±2.07)was higher than that of vaginal delivery group(1.20±0.45)(P<0.05).The density of nNOS positive cells in the hippocampus in vaginal delivery group was significantly fewer than that of cesarean section group(1.20±0.45 vs 5.80±1.79,P<0.001).The density of nNOS positive cells within the corpora striatum in vaginal delivery group(0±0) was significantly lower than that of cesarean section group(21.4±9.13)(P<0.001).In the offspring rats of 115-day-old, the density of nNOS positive cells in the hippocampus of vaginal delivery group(2.00±0.71)were fewer than that of cesarean group(3.80±1.48)(P<0.05).ConclusionThe upregulated expression of nNOS in the cortex,corpora striatum of offspring rats born by cesarean section might revert to normal in adulthood.The abnormal nNOS expression in hippocampus will remain even in adulthood and results in the abnormality of behavior cognitive ability.The results indicate that cesarean delivery could impact hippocampus region persistently and impair the spatial memory and learning ability related to hippocampus in rats.
Effect of Tibetan Artemisiae Capillaries on caspase-3 in mice with hepatitis virus infection
SU Li-xian, TANG Zhao-hui, LUO Bing-de
2012, 28(1): 56-58. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-23
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ObjectiveTo observe the changes of caspase-3 in liver cells of mice with hepatitis virus infection,and to explore the intervening effect and mechanism of Tibetan Artemisiae Capillaries(TAC)on caspase-3.MethodsTwentyfour mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,virazole group,and TAC group.Then serum contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and asparate aminotransferase(AST)were detected with Lai's method and pathological changes of the liver were observed with light microscope after haematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.The activity of caspase-3 was detected by microplate reader.The contents of factor associated suicide(Fas)and caspase-3 mRNA were detected by quantitative PCR.Resultscompared with the control group,all of the indicators of the model group increased. The content of ALT was 225.349±9.904 and that of AST was 180.823±17.34.The activity of caspase-3 was 0.371± 0.051.The contents of Fas and caspase-3 mRNA were 1.93±0.08 and 0.867±0.102.The pathological observation revealed obvious damage of the liver.After the treatment of TAC,the contents of ALT(181.906±20.164),AST(139.824 ±12.153),Fas(1.673±0.047),and caspase-3 mRNA(0.518±0.103)showed obvious decrease,and the same as the activity of caspase-3(0.202±0.029).The pathologic damage of the TAC group was alleviated compared with that of the model one.ConclusionThe apoptosis induced by Fas/FasL may be one of the mechanism of the hepatitis caused by mouse hepatitis virus-A59(MHV-A59).Tibetan Artemisiae Capillaries can suppress the apoptosis and weaken the damage of the liver.
Development of monoclonal antibody against Aflatoxin B1 and establishment of immunology quantitative ELISA
WANG Lei, HU Xiao-fei, TENG Man
2012, 28(1): 58-60. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-24
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ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to synthesize artificial antigen of AFB1,to prepare monclonal antibody against AFB1.MethodsImmunogen AFB1-BSA and coating antigen AFB1-OVA were synthesized using NHS by linking carrier proteins BSA and OVA to AFB1 and identified by ultraviolet scanning,SDS-PAGE.BALB/C mice were immunized with AFB1-BSA,The titre and sensitivity of polyclonal antibody was detected by indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA,so as to select the mouse used in cell fusion.AFB1 mAb was prepared by hybridoma technology.The titer,affinity, sensitivity,specificity and subtype of the mAb were characterized.Massive AFB1 mAb were induced from in vivo method.ResultsThe results showed that the hapten AFB1 was successfully linked to carrier proteins by the UV scanning spectrum and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.There hybridoma cell lines of 2H5-F6、2H5-C9、2H9-C3 were screened for specificity to AFB1,all the isotypes of the mAb were IgG1.The indirect ELISA titer of the mAb were 1:2.0×102~1:1.28×103 in supernatant,1:1.28×106 of 2H5-F6 in ascites,and the affinity constant(Ka)was 2.65×1010 L/moL,the mAb of 2H5-F6 show ed good sensitivity with IC50 of 2.58 ng/mL to AFB1.The rate of cross reaction of AFB1 mAb with AFB2 was 1.61%, and there was no cross-reactivity to other compounds.ConclusionAFB1 mAb of high-titer,sensitivity and specificity had been generated,it is possible to establish immunoassay of AFB1 residues in food.
Effect of marine collagen peptides on neurocognitive function in asphyxial newborn rats
XU Lin-lin, DONG Wen-hong, ZHAO Jie
2012, 28(1): 61-63. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-25
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of marine collagen peptides(MCPs)on short-term and long-term neurocognitive function in asphyxial newborn SD rats.Methods70 healthy adult SD rats were selected and mated.Asphyxia model was established by "delayed cesarean section" within the last day of gestation.Then asphyxial newborn SD rats were randomly divided into a asphyxial group and the low(0.225%),moderate(0.45%),and high(1.35%)MCPs intervention groups.The normal labor newborn rats were used as the control group.The physiological and neural development index of the newborn rats were determined and Morris water maze test were performed for 21-day old and three-month old rats,respectively.ResultsThe time to expected physiological and neural development index of the asphyxial group and three MCPs intervention groups were significantly longer than that of the control group(P<0.05).Morris water maze test indicated that,at the time of 21 day,compared with the control group,the asphyxial group and three MCPs intevention groups had longer escape latency(P<0.05).The number of platform crossing of the control group,the asphyxial group,the low,moderate and high MCPs groups were 7.00±1.706,3.92±1.505,4.33±1.497,4.50±1.931,and 4.67±1.371, with significant differences(P<0.05).At the time of three-month,the escape latency of the three MCPs intervention groups were significantly shorter than that of the asphyxial group(P<0.01)and the times of platform crossing were significantly more than that of the asphyxial group(P<0.05).ConclusionCertain amount of MCPs could improve the long-term learning and memory ability of asphyxial newborn rats.
Effects of DHA on NGF, BDNF, APOE, APOJ in olfactory bulb of aged rat
JIANG Li-he, XIE Zheng-yi, YANG Zhi-rong
2012, 28(1): 63-64. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-26
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ObjectiveTo explore the effects of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)on neurotrophic growth factors(NFG), brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),apolipoprotein E(APOE),and apolipoprotein J(APOJ)in olfactory bulb of aged rat.MethodsSprague-Dawley(SD)rats of 24 months were treated with 180,360 mg/kg·d of DHA via oral gavage for 49 days.The rats were killed and the olfactory bulb was collected.NGF,BDNF levels were determined with enzym-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and western blotting method was used to assay APOE and APOJ protein levels.ResultsDHA supplementation increased the levels of NGF(11.17±1.27 pg/mg for 180 mg/kg DHA group,12.48±2.35 pg/mg for 360 mg/kg DHA group)with the increases of 36.05% and 52.01%,respectively,compared with those of the aged group (8.21±1.17 pg/mg).The levels of BDNF(28.23±2.74 pg/mg for 180 mg/kg DHA group,30.76±2.71 pg/mg for 360 mg/kg DHA group)increased by 17.45% and 28.01%,respectively,compared with those of the aged rat.DHA also increased APOJ protein level and decreased APOE protein level in olfactory bulb of the aged rat,compared with those of the control group significantly.ConclusionDocosahexaenoic acid has a protective effect on olfactory bulb of aged rat.
HBV infection of HepG-2 cells by HBV positive serum in vitro
SONG Xiu-xia, JU Li-wen, WEI Guo-rong
2012, 28(1): 65-67. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-27
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ObjectiveTo establish a method of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection of HepG-2 cells by HBV positive serum in vitro.MethodsThe HepG-2 cells were treated with low temperature for the synchronization,then HBV positive serum and 4% polyethylene glycol(PEG)in serum-free mininum essential medium(MEM)were added.The HBV negative serum and culture medium were used in negative control group and blank control group.The cells were cultured with culture medium for 6 days.Then,the culture medium and cells were collected every 24 hour.HBV DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative(FQ)-PCR,and HbsAg in the cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay.ResultsIn the infection group,HBV DNA was detected in the cell culture medium and cells at the first day after infection by FQ-PCR (16.04±7.99×103 copies/mL,8.84±3.97×103 copies/mL).The DNA content of cells in the second day reached a peak (3.51±1.86×105 copies/mL)and then declined smoothly and there was no HBV DNA deteated at the fourth day.While the virus DNA in culture supernatant gradually increased with the time with the content of 8.41±5.34×105 copies/mL at the sixth day.HBsAg in the cell membrane and cytoplasm was detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay in infection group.HBV DNA and HBsAg were not detected in control groups.The infected HepG-2 cells were subcultured in the first generation of the cells.HBV DNA could be detected in culture medium and cells.A small amount of HBV DNA could be detected in cultured supernatants of the second generation but not detected in the cells.HBV DNA was not detected in the supernatant and the cells of third generation.ConclusionHepG-2 cells were infected by HBV positive serum under certain conditions and the virus could replicate in the cells for short time.
2012, 28(1): 67-68. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-28
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Development of real-time PCR for detection of dengue virus type 1
XIONG Jian-ying, ZHANG Fu-chun, MA Dan-juan
2012, 28(1): 69-71. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-29
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ObjectiveTo develop a real-time PCR method for the detection of dengue viruses.MethodsMultiple alignments of dengue virus sequence were designed and used to develop a system of real-time PCR to detect dengue virus type 1 strain.The system was validated for specificity,sensitivity,repeatability,and reproducibility and then applied to a series of human samples.ResultsThe specificity of the system was determined by experimentall tests on different flaviviruses.There were no cross reactions with Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)and other serotypes of dengue virus.The system allowed the detection of less than one infectious particle and was able to detect dengue virus type 1 in human samples where infectious virus cannot be isolated.ConclusionThe system developed is valuable for rapid detection of dengue virus type 1 and epidemiological studies.
Detection of avian influenza virus in birds and human using protein chip
GU Da-yong, XU Yun-qing, SHI Lei
2012, 28(1): 71-73. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-30
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ObjectiveTo develop a protein chip-based method for simultaneous detection of avian influenza virus (AIV)from birds and human.MethodsProtein chip was constructed by immobilizing the positive control(PC),negative control(NC)and different antigen subtypes with the optimal concentration onto the aldehyde glass slide according to the predesigned pattern.Then the prepared protein chip was used to detect the serum samples from the different AIV subtype and human.The parameters for the performance of protein chip,such as specificity,sensitivity and repeatability,were tested in details.In addition, interactive validation experiment was performed using the protein chip-based method and avian influenza virus(H subtype) hemagglutination inhibition test kit.ResultsTo construct protein chip,the optimal probe concentrations of H1,H3,H5,N1, N2,NP,NS1 and H7,H9 subtype were 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL,respectively.The optimal concentrations of horseradish peroxidase enzyme labeled antibody for AIV from birds and human were 1:1000 and 1:1500 dilution.The specificity of prepared protein chip was confirmed by testing the samples of H5N1,H7N7,H9N2 positive serum and normal serum.The results were consistent with the expected and there was no cross-reactivity observed.The prepared protein chip had a detection limitation of 1:40 dilution for H7N7 positive serum and show ed excellent repeatability validated by consecutive test of 10 times for H5,H7,and H9 positive serum with a variation coefficient of <2%.The results of the interactive validation experiments using protein chip-based method were consistent with those of hemagglutination inhibition test.ConclusionThe prepared protein chip has a good specificity,sensitivity,and repeatability and could be used to detect AIV from birds and human simultaneously.
IMMS-ELISA:a test method for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
SU Xu, ZHAO Feng-ling, LÜ Li-kun
2012, 28(1): 74-76. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-31
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ObjectiveTo establish a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method,namely immunomagnetic microspheres(IMMS)-ELISA,to detect specific IgG in hemorrhagic fever patients with renal syndrom(HFRS).MethodsThe recombinant nucleocapsid protein(rNP)of SEO hantavirus was expressed by the recombinant strain,E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET32a-L99S.Purified rNP was used as an antigen to establish three ELISA methods,including indirect ELISA,capture ELISA and IMMS-ELISA,for the detection of specific IgG in HFRS patients.The results of the three methods were compared with each other.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the three ELISA methods were all higher than 90% and their coincidence rates were all higher than 95%.The sensitivity of indirect ELISA was 100%,but its false positive rate was 10%.The specificity of capture ELISA was 100%,but its sensitivity was lower(92.5%)than that of other two methods.The sensitivity and specificity of IMMS-ELISA were all 100%.ConclusionIMMS-ELISA is a simpler, safer,and more accurate than indirect and capture ELISA method,and easy to use in grassroots public health and clinical medical institutions.
Genotype analysis of varicella-zoster virus in Liaoning province
WANG Yan, MA Yan, HAN Yue
2012, 28(1): 76-78. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-32
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ObjectiveTo examine the genetype of varicella-zoster virus in Liaoning province.MethodsThe serum and throat swabs speciments were collected from 7 patients clinically diagnosed with varicella for the detection varricellazoster virus(VZV)IgM and the amplification of DNA of the open reading frame(ORF)22.The DNA was sequenced and analyzed with the data of VZV reference strains downloaded from GenBank.ResultsAll the 7 patients were VZV IgM positive and the amplification,and sequencing of 3 throat swabs(VZV001,VZV-002,VZV-005)confirmed the VZV.The results of ORF22 single nucletotide polymorphism(SNP)analyses showed that VZV-002 and VZV-005 had the same sequence and the single base transvertion was A→C.The sequence of VZV-001 had 2 changed bases,suggesting the point mutation of the gene.compared with Dumas strain,the 3 strains had 4 bases different on 6 key site and completely matched with P-Oka strain.The 3 strains were identified as J genotype and the nucleotide homology was 99.56%-99.78% with P-Oka.ConclusionThe genotype of 3 VZV strains detected in Liaoning province belongs to J genetype.
Epidemic type and antibiotic resistance of cholera strains isolated
WANG Shao-ling, WU Jie, DIAO Bao-wei
2012, 28(1): 79-81. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-33
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ObjectiveTo assess the epidemic type and antibiotic resistance of cholere strains isolated and to provide basis for clinical treatment and prevention of cholera.MethodsSix samples from an outbreak of cholera epidemic were collected in Hainan province in June 2008 and analyzed by serotyping and phage-biotyping.The cholera toxin gene was detected with PCR according to the "Manual for the Prevention and Control of Cholera"(version 5).Pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)was used for subtyping of the isolates.The antibiotic susceptibility test of the 6 strains to 17 kinds of antibacterial was determined with improved K-B method recommended by WHO.ResultsThe 6 strains were confirmed as Vibrio cholerae El Tor biotype,with 5 strains of O1 group of Vibrio cholerae El Tor serotype Inaba 1c and 1 strains was Vibrio cholerae Ogawa(1c).The cholera toxin gene was identified in all 6 strains.The mapping of the strains were belonged to tw o pattern by PFGE and the similarity was 100%.The 6 strains were all resistant to streptomycin,sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim,sulphafurazole,and polymyxin B.High drug susceptibility of the samples was found to 9 kinds of antibiotics such as norfloxacin,cefotaxime and cephalothin(53%,9/17).ConclusionThe bacterium type of Vibrio cholerae causing the epidemic outbreak of cholera was O1 group of Vibrio cholerae El Tor serotype Inaba 1c.Norfloxacin,cefotaxime and cephalothin could be the choice of clinical treatment for the cases and carriers of Vibrio cholerae in Hainan province.But streptomycin,sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim,sulphafurazole,and polymyxin B could not be used.
Genotyping of group A rotavirus in infants and young children with diarrhea in Hohhot
LI Chun-ying, LEI Xia, YU Qiong
2012, 28(1): 81-82. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-34
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ObjectiveTo investigate epidemic characteristics and genotypes of group A human rotavirus in infants and young children with diarrhea in Hohhot from June 2008 to May 2010.MethodsTotally 730 stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years old and with diarrhea.Enzyme-1inked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect rotavirus antigen.The ELISA positive samples were detected with nest reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)to determine the G and P genotypes of rotavirus.ResultsAmong the samples,298 were rotavirus antigen positive(40.8%); 292 were G genotype positive(98.0%);254 were P genotype positive(85.2%);and 250 samples had G and P genotypes (83.9%).ConclusionG1,G3 and P[8]were the predominant genotypes and G1+G3 was the predominant mixture subtype for the epidemic of group A rotavirus in Hohhot and there was a drift of predominant genotype from G1 to G3 from 2008 to 2010.
High order factor model analysis of sub-health status among doctors
LIN Shao-wei, WU Si-ying, LI Huang-yuan
2012, 28(1): 83-84. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-35
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the sub-health status among doctors with a high order factor model.MethodsTotally 810 doctors were selected with stratified cluster random sampling and investigated with a sub-health scale.ResultsThe sub-health status could be attributed to four factors:psychological,physical activity,physical function,and social adaptation.The results showed a strong correlation among them(correlation coefficient:0.78-0.92,P<0.001).A high order factor could recapitulate these four factors,and the factor loading was 0.95,0.97,0.87,and 0.88,respectively.The subhealth scores in female doctors were higher than those in male doctor,and the sub-health scores for the doctors at the age of 30-45 years were higher than those at other ages.ConclusionHigh order factor model can be applied to evaluate doctors's sub-health status.
Urinary arensic among non-occupationally exposed subjects in non-ferrous metal mineralized area
ZHANG Wen-li, YAO Dan-cheng, FENG Jia-li
2012, 28(1): 85-86. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-36
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ObjectiveTo investigate urinary arensic content in non-occupationally exposed adults in heavy metal contaminated area due to mining in Hezhang county,Guizhou province.MethodsThe subjects older than 45 years were randomly recruited from the mineralized area(Magu village)and unmineralized area(Salaxi village).Urine samples of the villagers were collected and arensic content in the urine was detected.ResultsThe urinary arensic contents for male and female in Magu village were 46.97μg/gCr and 56.30μg/gCr and those for male and female in Salaxi village were 36.55 μg/gCr and 45.83μg/gCr,respectively.The average urinary arensic content of Magu villagers was higner than that of Salaxi villagers.The arensic content in urine for the females was higner than that of the males.ConclusionThere were no villagers suffer from chronic arensic poisoning in the two areas.The 95% upper limit of urinary arensic content for non-occupational adults in Magu village were 99.40μg/gCr and 141.92μg/gCr,and that in Salaxi village were 65.70 μg/gCr and 78.06μg/gCr,respectively.
community health service requirement among residents in Hengyang city
LI Feng-hua, CHEN Zuo-xing, OUYANG Xu-dong
2012, 28(1): 87-89. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-37
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ObjectiveTo assess the residents'demand and its influential factors for community health service in Zhengxiang district of Hengyang city.MethodsUsing multistage sampling method,540 residents were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire under the help of interview ers.ResultsThe top three requirements in the 540 residents to community health service were regular physical examination,accessibility of seeking medical advice,and health education. The residents aged≥50 years had significantly higher demands for home visit of a doctor,medical service at home and period follow-up for chronic disease than other age groups(P<0.01).The residents with higher education had a higher demand of health care guidance(P<0.05).There were significant differences in demands of medical care at home and regular physical examination betw een the residents with different monthly family income(P<0.05).ConclusionThe demand for medical service varies among different resident groups.The age,education level,occupation,monthly family income,and payment mode of medical expenses are influential factors of community health service demands in urban residents.
Familial and occupational factors and primary lung cancer:a case-control study
MA Li, GAO Xiao-hong, WANG Meng
2012, 28(1): 90-91. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-38
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ObjectiveTo investigate the family history and occupational factors related to primary lung cancer and to provide scientific basis for the prevention of primary lung cancer.MethodsA 1:1 matched case-control study was carried out among 200 cases and 200 controls in general hospitals in Dalian city.The main contents of the investigation included general health,occupational exposure,disease history,and family history of cancer.Data were analyzed with Chi-square test and the conditional logistic regression with SPSS 13.0 and SAS 8.2.ResultsThe results indicated that occupational hazards expoure increased the risk of primary lung cancer(odds ratio=9.625,95% confidence interval:4 647-19.934). Multivariate logistic regression analyeses showed that occupational hazardous exposure,thoracic x-ray examination and familial cancer history were risk factors of primary lung cancer.ConclusionThe incidence of lung cancer is related to many kinds of factors including occupational exposure and family history of cancer.
Nutrition status among middle school students in Chongqing city
JIA Xiao-yu, ZHANG Ya-ni, DIAO Jun
2012, 28(1): 92-94. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-39
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ObjectiveTo examine the nutrition status among middle school students in Chongqing city and to analyze its influencing factors for making nutrition intervention measures.MethodsThe height and weight were measured and a questionnaire survey on nutritional know ledge,attitude and behavior was conducted among 2 465 students aged 10-19 years selected with stratified cluster sampling.The influence factors of diet behavior were analyzed with logistic regression.ResultsAmong the students,4.46% had malnutrition and the prevalence of underw eight,overw eight,and obesity was 44.87%, 5.23%,and 8.44%,respectively.There was a significant difference in the nutrition status betw een the students of different gender(P<0.0001).The results of logistic regression show ed that age,gender,nation,liking sports or not,study time,the body shape,and the education of the father and mother were influencing factors of nutrition status with the odds ratios of 1.145,3.499,1.351,0.579,0.863,0.529,0.671 and 1.532,respectively.ConclusionThe rates of malnutrition and underw eight were higher and the rate of overw eight and obesity was lower compared with those of the previous years among middle school students in Chongqiong city.The key measure to prevent malnutrition and excess-nutrition among the students is the popularization of nutrition know ledge and the promotion of moderate physical exercise.
Hypertension and related factors among residents of Yan’an city
LI She-li, YU Jun-xia
2012, 28(1): 94-95. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-40
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ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and related factors of hypertension among the residents in Yan'an city of Shaanxi province.MethodsAccording to the national hypertension epidemiology investigation method,1 288 permanent residents aged 20-74 years were selected from four survey sites(including community,town,village)and questionnaire survey,physical examination,and biochemistry tests were conducted.ResultsThe crude prevalence of hypertension was 21.4% with a standardized prevalence of 19.8%.The prevalence of hypertension increased with the age and the prevalence in the female was significantly higher than in the male among the residents aged 50-74 years old.The pervalence of high blood lipid,high uric acid,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,overw eight,and obesity in the normotension and hypertension group were 30.2%,4.2%,27.7%,18.5%,9.8%,30.4%,and 10.2% and 55.6%, 10.2%,42.2%,39.6%,19.65,49.8%,and 24.4%,respectively,with signifecan differences(P<0.05 for all).ConclusionHypertension is prevalent among adult residents of Yan'an city.The prevalences of high blood sugar,high blood lipid,high uric acid,and obesity was significantly higher in hypertension group.
Evalucition on automatic early warning information system of important infectious disease in Yinchuan city
LEI Jing, LI Xia, WANG Guang-jun
2012, 28(1): 96-97. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-41
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the operation and applicatiion of automatic early warning information system for infectious disease in Yinchuan city.MethodsThe information collected by the system in 2009 were analyzed and a field study was conducted to evaluate the timeliness,the sensitivity,and the validity of the early warning information.ResultsThere were 1 129 early warnings for infectious disease in 2009 for the city from the system.Among the warnings,67 (5.93%)were suspected epidemics and 62(5.4%)were confirmed as infectious disease epidemics among populations by field epidemiologic investigation.The average interval time from the system sending out the warning to the reporting of abnormal status was 0.82 hour and 98.51% (66/67)of the warnings were checked with field investination within 12 hours. The sensitivity of the system was 94.04% and the positive rate for all early warnings was only 5.6%.ConclusionThe automatic early warning information system for infectious disease in Yinchun city has good timeliness and sensitivity but its validity needs to be improved.
Influence of snack consumption behaviors on obesity in young females aged 11 to 40 years
ZHAO Xiao-tian, ZHOU Jing-yang, YAO Zi-ming
2012, 28(1): 98-99. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-42
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ObjectiveTo assess the association of snack consumption behaviors with obesity status among young females and to provide reference for nutritional policy.MethodsThe 3-day diet weight measurement and accounting for whole family,24-hour dietary recall for individual,and physical examination were conducted among the females aged 11-40 years randomly selected with multi-stratified cluster sampleing form 480 households in 2 urban and 2 rural areas in the years of 1997,2000,2004,2006,and 2009.ResultsThe prevalence of snack consumption in the evening increased significantly from 38.8% in 1997 to 52.1% in 2009.The location of snack consumption was primarily at home,with an average prevalence of 68.2%.In the past years,the proportion of total daily energy from snaks and the body mass index among the females presented a rising tendency.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that eating snacks, age,frequency of snack consumptiion,proportion of total daily energy from snack were main risk factors for obesity with the odds ratios of 1.354,1.742,1.413,and 1.327,respectively.ConclusionSnack consumption is prevalent in young female and unhealthy consumption behavior increases and becomes one of the primary risk factors of obesity.
Smoking status and its influence factors in female workers in public places in Hefei city
ZHANG Xiao-peng, ZHANG Jun-qing, SUN Ye-huan
2012, 28(1): 100-102. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-43
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ObjectiveTo examine the smoking status and its influence factors among female workers in public places in Hefei city and to provide basis for tobacco control.MethodsWe conducted an in-person interview with a unified questionnaire in female workers working in hotel,catering,and entertainment places in Hefei city with stratified random sampling.The smoking and passive smoking status of the women were analyzed with descriptive statistic method and the influence factors of smoking were analyzed with non-conditional stepwise logistic regression.ResultsA total of 828 female workers were interviewed and the average age of the women was 21.2±2.5 year.The smoking rate among the female workers was 15.8% (46.6% for hotel and catering staff and 53.4% for the workers in entertainment places).The influence factors of smoking were marital status,number of roommate,working and life satisfaction,recent alcohol consumption,and the attitude toward smoking of female.ConclusionThe smoking rate of female workers in hotel and catering is lower than the results of other research in China,but the smoking rate of the female workers in entertainment places is at a high level.More attention should be paid on women's smoking status,especially the female workers in public places.
Developments of height and weight in Mongolian students aged 6 to 18 years
LIN Zhe, Burenbatu, JIN Xiu-ping
2012, 28(1): 102-104. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-44
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ObjectiveTo explore the situation of growth and development in Mongolian students and to provide reference for the study on physical health condition of Mongolian students.MethodsTotally 3 180 Mongolian students aged 6-18 years were selected from Tongliao city,Inner Mangolian Autonomous Region.The height and weight of the students were measured and analyzed.ResultsThe average annual increments of height and weight were 4.9±2.8 cm and 3.7±1.7 kg for urban male students,4.7±2.6 cm and 3.4±1.7 kg for rural male students,3.9±3.0 cm and 2.8±1.7 kg for urban female students,and 3.8±2.8 cm and 2.8±1.7 kg for rural female students,respectively.The average height and weight of the boys were significantly higher than those of the girls among the studetns aged 14-18 years(P<0.01).ConclusionThe body height and weight of Mongolian students aged 6-18 years incease with the increment of age.There is a difference in physical development between male and female students,whereas no difference betweeen urban and rural students.
Epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Zhejiang province, 2008-2009
ZHANG Yan-jun, MIU Zi-ping
2012, 28(1): 105-107. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-45
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ObjectiveTo analyze epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),and to explore feasible prevention and control measures.MethodsThe information on severe and dead HFMD cases from 2008-2009 in Zhejiang province were collected from Chinese Disease Surveillance System and the data were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.ResultsThere were 3 peaks for the epidemics of HFMD in 2009 and 2 peaks in 2008.HEV71 prevailed in the first half year,then,principal pathogen converted to CoxA16 in the second half year in 2009. HEV71 strains belonged to C4a sub-genotype,and there was no significant difference in the dominant strains between 2008 and 2009.The Reported cases distributed in 90% of the towns with the reported morbidity of 72.6/100 000(36 726 cases) and case mortality rate of 1.9/10 000(7 cases)in 2008,a morbidicy of 135.3/10 000(69 285 cases),and a case mortality of 1.2/10 000(8 cases)in 2009.The ratio of severe FHMD cases was increased with the prevalent proportion of HEV71 strains(r=0.709,P=0.000).ConclusionThere was a continuous prevalence of HFMD in Zhejiang province in 2008-2009 with a case mortality rate positively correlating with the prevalent proportion of HEV71.
2012, 28(1): 107-108. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-46
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Behavioral and serological surveillance among female sex workers in Fengtai district, Beijing from 2006 to 2009
SHI Wen-ya, XIE Yu-yang, LIU Chao
2012, 28(1): 109-110. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-47
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ObjectiveTo explore behavioral changes related to human immunodeficieny virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)and trends of HIV/syphilis epidemic among female sex workers(FSWs)in Fengtai district, and to provide information for integrated HIV behavioral intervention.MethodsContinuous HIV antibody test and syphilis rapid plasma region test were conducted among FSWs in Fengtai district of Beijing from 2006 to 2009.At the same time,the FSWs workers were interviewed face-to-face with an anonymous questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence rate of HIV infection was 0 in the FSWs in community and 0.4%,0.4%,0,and 0 in the FSWs in other places from 2006 to 2009,respectively.The prevalence rate of syphilis was 3.0%,2.1%,1.5%,and 1.0% in the FSWs in community and 8.6%,10.4%, 6.4%,and 3.8% in the FSWs in other places from 2006 to 2009,respectively.The rate of using condom in the last commercial sex among the FSWs in community was 94.0%,88.5%,92.3%,and 94.7% and 79.0%,88.0%,88.5%,and 91.7% in the FSWs in other places from 2006-2009,respectively.ConclusionRate of condom use among the FSWs in Fengtai district tend to increase and HIV prevalence rate is generally low.However,HIV knowledge and testing awareness need to be enhanced.The FSWs in small public places is the key population for effective intervention.
2012, 28(1): 113-114. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-49
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2012, 28(1): 115-117. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-50
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2012, 28(1): 124-124. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-54
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2012, 28(1): 28-29. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-11
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2012, 28(1): 111-112. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-48
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2012, 28(1): 117-120. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-51
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2012, 28(1): 121-122. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-52
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2012, 28(1): 123-123. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-53
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2012, 28(1): 125-127. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-55
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2012, 28(1): 127-128. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2012-28-01-56
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