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2014 Vol. 30, No. 12

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Risk factors of central nervous system symptoms of unknown cause in urban preschool children
ZHANG Qian, JIA Xiao, PANG Shu-tao
2014, 30(12): 1493-1496. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-01
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Objective To explore the prevalence of central nervous system symptoms of unknown cause(CNSS-UC) and their possible risk factors in urban preschool children.Methods A questionnaire was used to collect relevant information among 661 preschool children in kindergartens in Huangdao district of Qingdao city.The main CNS symptoms,information about dwelling environment,kindergarten environment and outdoor environment,as well as children's personal information,were collected simultaneously.Results The prevalence of CNSS-UC was 26.6%.Multivariate analyses indicated that furniture made from plywood or formed plywood might be adversely associated with CNSS-UC with an odds ratio(OR) and its 95% confidence interval(95% CI) of 2.10(1.29-3.40) and 2.45(1.50-4.00),respectively.Children with high antibiotic use and with a high score for the sensitivity to chemical substances showed a higher risk for CNSS-UC(OR=2.46,95% CI:1.38-4.40 and OR=1.14,95% CI:1.07-1.21).Outdoor environment pollution might also be a possible risk factor for CNSS-UC(OR=1.62,95% CI:1.04-2.53).Cleaning the floor with a wet mop might be a protective factor for CNSS-UC(OR=0.45,95% CI,:0.22-0.92).Conclusion The prevalence of CNSS-UC is relatively high among urban preschool children and the possible risk factors include indoor decoration materials,indoor air particles,traffic pollution,and children's health status.
Status and influence factors of timely first dose of hepatitis B vaccination among rural children
LIU Cai
2014, 30(12): 1496-1499. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-02
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Objective To explore the status and influence factors of timely first dose of hepatitis B vaccination among rural children in Hebei province and to provide evidences for making related intervention strategy.Methods Totally 1106 children aged ≤15 years were selected from 12 villages in 4 counties in Baoding and Shijiazhuang city with probability proportionate to size sampling and were investigated using a questionnaire.Multilevel logistic model was employed to analyze the influence factors of the timely first dose vaccination.Results The coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination and the timely first dose vaccination were 98.4% and 81.4%; and the coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccination were 98.4%,97.3%,98.5%,98.1%,and 100.0% and the rates of timely first dose vaccination were 84.4%,84.7%,85.3%,78.7%,and 72.2% for the children aged 1-3,4-6,7-9,10-12,and 13-15 years,respectively.There were no statistical differences in the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination among the children of different age(P>0.05),while the differences in the rates of timely first dose vaccination among the children of different age groups were statistically different(χ2=17.993,P=0.001).Multilevel logistic regression revealed that timely first dose vaccination associated with younger age,born in the medical facilities of higher degree and with the parents having higher education.Conclusion Ensuring the deliveries of the newborns in medical facilities,concerning on the newborns without household registration and improving knowledge level about the vaccination among the parents of the newborns are important measures for increasing coverage of timely first dose hepatitis B vaccination among rural children.
Association of personality and psychology with accident proneness among drivers
SU Hua-bin, WANG Xiao-min, HUANG Kai-yong.et al
2014, 30(12): 1500-1503. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-03
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Objective To study the association of personality and psychology with accident proneness among motor vehicle drivers and to provide scientific evidences to reduce road traffic injury.Methods A 1∶1 matched case-control study was applied to this study and 60 pairs of motor vehicle drivers (60 with the history of liability road traffic accidents of ≥3 times during January 2008 to December 2012 as the cases and 60 without history of road traffic accidents during the same period as the controls)from Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region accomplished Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90).Results The scores of extroversion(E,14.53±2.89),psycholepsy(P,6.45±2.59),neuroticism(N,9.88±4.31),mobilization(1.54±0.27),obsession(1.72±0.20),anxiety(1.71±0.40),hostile(1.62±0.37),and terror(1.39±0.39)were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group(P<0.05 for all).The scores of E(14.12±3.19),mobilization(1.59±0.22),obsession(1.72±0.21),anxiety(1.77±0.37),and hostile(1.62±0.33)for the drivers with driving experience of ≤15 years in the case group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05 for all).The scores of E(14.24±3.00),P(7.10±2.86),mobilization(1.58±0.25),obsession(1.73±0.25),anxiety(1.79±0.35),and hostile(1.61±0.34)of the drivers with junior middle school education in the case group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05 for all).Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that extroversion(odds ratio[OR]=1.41),hostile(OR=5.39),and terror(OR=5.42)were risk factors for accident proneness.Conclusion The driver accident proneness is related to the personality and psychology of the driver.Extroversion,hostile and terror were risk factors for accident proneness.
Association of psychological stress with level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in sera among Yao and Zhuang residents in Baiku area of Guangxi
WU Jun-duan, YANG Li, QIN Jian.et al
2014, 30(12): 1504-1507. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-04
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Objective To investigate the association between psychological stress and serum level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) among Yao and Zhuang residents in Baiku area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Guangxi).Methods A total of 164 Yao and 160 Zhuang farmers in Baiku area of Guangxi were surveyed with demo-graphy and life style questionnaire,Life Event Scale(LES),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Serum 8-OHdG level of the residents was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results For all the residents,the ratio of with the life events score of more than 20 was 32.41%;the detection rate of psychological problems was 26.12% and the average score of social support was 8.55±1.69.The average anxiety level of Zhuang residents was higher than that of Yao residents(1.66±0.69 vs.1.43±0.42) and the average anxiety level of female residents was higher than that of male residents(1.65±0.66 vs.1.44±0.46),with significant differences(P<0.05 for all).The average level of serum 8-OHdG was 0.28±0.10 ng/mL.The 8-OHdG levels of the residents with different ethnic,education level,and age were significantly different(P<0.05).The 8-OHdG level was positively correlated with somatization,anxiety and depression,but negatively correlated with social support utilization degree and social support scores(P<0.05).In multivariate regression analyses,somatization(b=0.035,β=3.625,P<0.01) and social support utilization degree(b=-0.204,β=-2.192;P<0.05)entered the equation and could explain 9.60% of the variance.Conclusion Serum 8-OHdG level is correlated with psychological stress and social support and could be used as an early biological indicator of psychological stress among Yao and Zhuang residents in Guangxi.
Prevalence and influence factors of cervical spondylosis among minority rural residents in southern area of Guizhou province
CHEN Xin-chun, LI Mi, LI Wen-zhong.et al
2014, 30(12): 1508-1511. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-05
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Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of cervical spondylosis among minority rural residents living in southern area of Guizhou province and to provide references for taking corresponding interventions.Methods A questionnaire survey,clinical and cervical imaging examination for cervical spondylosis were carried out among 111 946 minority rural residents aged≥18 years selected with cluster random sampling from southern area of Guizhou province during the period of April 2012 though April 2014.Results The prevalence rate of cervical spondylosis in the residents was 8.68%.Of 9 756 cervical spondylosis patients diagnosed,6 037(61.88%)suffered with mild-to-moderate cervical hyperplasia,2 647(27.13%)with straightened cervical curvature,511(5.24%)with cervical lateral bending,279(2.86%)with cervical instability,213(2.18%)with cervical vertebra narrow,and 69(0.71%)with congenital cervical vertebra malformation.The proportions of different form of cervical spondylosis were 39.76%for nerve root form,18.30%for sympathetic nerve form,18.16%for vertebral artery form,15.86%for mixed form,and 7.92%for myeloid form,respectively.Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors of cervical spondylosis in the residents included female gender,at the ages of 40-49 and 60-69 years,being Shui nationality,being employed,using a thick pillow of ≥15 centimeters,working ≥15 hours a day for making horsetail embroidery,and using a yoke to carry heavy object.Conclusion The prevalence rate of cervical spondylosis is high among minority rural residents in southern area of Guizhou province and the main influencing factors of cervical spondylosis are gender,age,nationality,employment status,the thickness of pillow,working time for making horsetail embroidery,and the posture of lifting heavy object.
Impact of peroxide-activated receptor gene polymorphism on effects of compound coarse grains dietary intervention among people with dyslipidemia
ZHANG Hong, LIU Yang, ZHAI Cheng-kai
2014, 30(12): 1511-1515. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-06
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Objective To evaluate the effects of multiple nutritional dietary intervention on serum lipid profiles and physical indexes in a hyperlipidemia population and to study the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2(PPARγ2)Pro12/Ala12 genetic polymorphism and multiplex nutritional dietary intervention for making individual measures of hyperlipidemia prevention.Methods Totally 911 community adults(aged ≥45 years)with hyperlipidemia were recruited from Nanjing city and assigned into an intervention group(n=445)and a control group(n=466)and the participants in the intervention group were administered a compound nutritional intervention.The genotypes of PPARγ2 Pro12/Ala12 of the intervention group were determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RELP)technique and the susceptibilities to the intervention of the participants were compared.Results For the participants of the intervention group,both body mass index(BMI)and waist-hip ratio(WHR)decreased distinctly and blood lipid profiles were obviously improved compared to those of at the beginning of the intervention and those of the control group after the one-year compound nutritional intervention(all P<0.05).The lipid-lowering efficacy rate of the intervention group was 91.70%(408/445)and that of the control group was 15.45%(72/466),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.001).Among the participants in the intervention group,the proportions of PPARγ2 Pro12/Ala12 genotype were 89.21%(397/445)for PP,10.34%(46/445) for PA,and 0.45%(2/445) for AA.The hyperlipemia individuals with PA genotype were more susceptive to the dietary intervention than those with PP genotype and the total cholesterol in the participants with Ala12/X genotype decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion The results show that multiplex dietary intervention can improve BMI,WHR,blood lipid profiles,blood glucose,and blood pressure in hyperlipidemia population.Analysis of genetic polymorphism suggests that different PPAR γ2 genotypes have different impacts on the effects of coarse grain dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia population.
Prevalence and influence factors of chronic diseases among rural inhabitants in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
SUN Xian, WANG Ping, LIU Lan.et al
2014, 30(12): 1516-1520. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-07
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Objective To explore the prevalence and influence factors of chronic diseases among rural inhabitants in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Ningxia)and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of chronic diseases.Methods A total of 30 583 rural inhabitants were selected from Haiyuan,Yanchi,Tongxin,Pengyang and Xiji country of Ningxia with multi-stage random sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Results The overall prevalence and adjusted prevalence of chronic diseases in the inhabitants were 13.34%and 13.09%,respectively.The five most common chronic diseases were hypertension,rheumatoid arthritis,gastroenteritis,inter vertebral disc disease,and cholecystitis and gall stone with the prevalence rates of 36.82‰,15.63‰,4.49‰,9.45‰,and 8.14‰,respectively.The risk factors for the chronic diseases were female,aged ≥35 years,Hui nationality,married,and widow or widower.The inhabitants with education of junior high school or higher,being a worker,and having drinking water from a hand-drawn well,a river or a lake had low prevalence rates of chronic diseases.Conclusion The rural inhabitants of Ningxia have high prevalence rates of chronic diseases and the main influence factors of the chronic disease prevalence are gender,age,ethnicity,education level,marital status,occupation and primary source of drinking water.
Regulating effects of Herba Saginae Japonicae on apoptosis and cell cycle of K562 cell strain in vitro
WANG Lei-ming, LIANG Bing, LI Shu-fang.et al
2014, 30(12): 1520-1522. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-08
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Objective To investigate regulating effects of Herba Saginae Japonicae(HSJ) on apoptosis and cell cycle of K562 cell strain in vitro.Methods The inhibited proliferation of K562 cells was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).The effect of HSJ on cell growth was analzyed with trypan blue dye exclusion method.The HSJ-induced apoptosis of K562 cells was detected with annexinV-FITC/PI double staining method.The cell cycle phase of K562 cells was determined with DNA ploid analysis.Results There was a positive relation between inhibitive effect of HSJ on K562 cell proliferation and the concentration of HSJ.The 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) of HSJ was 1.35 mg/ml with the treatment of HSJ for 48 hours.The apoptotic ratios of K562 cells were 8.39±0.81%,8.88±1.12%,and 13.42±2.04% treatd with HSJ of 1.0,2.0,and 4.0 mg/ml,respectively,with a significant difference compared with that of the control group(4.60±1.09 %)(P<0.05).Compared with control,HSJ increased the percentage of the cells in G2 phase(P<0.05),decreased the percentage of cells in S phase and the proliferous index(PI)(P<0.05,P<0.05).Cell cycle of K562 cells with HSJ treatment were blocked in G2 phase.Conclusion HSJ can inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and the mechanism maybe involve the induced cell apoptosis and blocked G2 phase of K562 cells.
Hospital delivery and its influencing factors among migrant pregnant women
LIU Dong-mei, LIU Hong-yan, WANG Hui.et al
2014, 30(12): 1523-1526. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-09
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Objective To investigate hospital delivery rate and its influencing factors among migrant pregnant women and to provide evidences for making policy to increase hospital delivery rate in migrant pregnant women.Methods The data of the study were collected from dynamic monitoring survey on migrant population all over China in 2012.Totally 22 774 migrant pregnant women and their 36 105 children under eighteen years of age were included in the study.Results Of all the children surveyed,32 997 were born in hospitals and the hospital delivery rate was 91.40%;2 944(8.15%)were born at home and 164 were born in other places(0.45%).The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the hospital delivery rate was lower in minority migrant pregnant women than that in the Han migrant pregnant women.The hospital delivery rate was improved with the increment of maternal education and family income and decreased with the order of the newborn.The hospital delivery rates were lower in the migrant pregnant women with the pregnancy not conforming to family planning policy,having the delivery at the place of domicile,and migration across various provinces.Conclusion The main factors influencing the hospital delivery rate among migrant pregnant women were nationality,educational level,family income,whether with the pregnancy not conforming to family planning policy,birth order of the newborn,delivery place,and migration scope.
Physical activity and associated factors among residents in Jilin province
ZHANG Wen-yang, SUN Ping-hui, MENG Xin.et al
2014, 30(12): 1530-1533. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-11
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Objective To describe physical activity level and its potential influential factors among residents in Jilin province and to provide a basis for health management in different populations.Methods With multi-stage randomized sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 996 residents aged older than 18 years in five national disease surveillance points(Nanguan district of Changchun city,Dehui city,Fengman district of Jilin city,Longjing city,and Ji'an city).Results Among the participants of the survey,38.9%were vigorously active and 34.7%were physically active,with a physical inactivity prevalence of 26.4%.Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that residents living in urban area,working in government agency or organization,public institutions,being technical professional or student were risk factors of physical inactivity;at the age of 25 to 64 years,with the education of primary school and above,unemployed,engaged in housework,and being a retiree were protective factors of physical inactivity among the participants.Conclusion The proportion of lack of physical activity is high among urban residents working in government agency or organization,public institution,being technical professional or student;intervention measures are warranted among the populations in Jilin province.
Application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in separation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells
ZHANG Shao-wei, ZHANG Yu-min, WANG Yu.et al
2014, 30(12): 1533-1535. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-12
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Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in the separation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Methods Umbilical blood samples were collected from healthy full-term births(50-100 ml for each birth) at a municipal hospital in Shenyang city and treated with heparin.The experiment was performed within 6 hours of blood collection.The umbilical blood samples were firstly diluted with saline.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,gelatin,and hydroxyethyl starch were used as sedimentation factors in erythrocyte sedimentation.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate,the number of umbilical MSCs recovered,and the survival rate of MSCs were determined after the reagents were mixed at the ratio of 2 (blood sample):1(saline):3(sedimentation factor) and settled down for the occurrence of clear interface.The MSCs were further separated with Percoll solution.The MSCs were subcultured and the expressions of CD44,CD90,CD105,CD34,and CD45 were detected with flow cytometry for the 35th generation of MSCs subcultured with the revived cells of 3rd and 20th generation after 6 months' freezing with liquid nitrogen.Results The erythrocyte sedimentation time was significantly shorter using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compared to that using gelatin or hydroxyethyl starch(15 minutes vs.30 minutes)(P<0.05).The recovery of umbilical MSCs was 6.24×106/ml-6.72×106/ml using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and higher than that using hydroxyethyl starch(5.12×106/ml-6.88×106/ml) or gelatin (2.08×106/ml-2.56×106/ml),with significant differences(both P<0.05).With the application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,positive expressions of CD44,CD90,and CD105 and negative expressions of CD34 and CD45 were observed in 35th generation of MSCs and the expressions were consistent with those of the stem cells.Conclusion Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose can be used for umbilical blood stem cells separation at the appropriate concentration of 0.2%,with better result than that using gelatin or hydroxyethyl starch in cell separation.
Correlation between pulmonary fibrosis and KL-6 level in silica-treated mice
XU Bai-ying, ZHANG Hui, XU Ju-ling.et al
2014, 30(12): 1536-1538. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-13
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Objective To investigate the correlation between pulmonary fibrosis and Krebs von den lungen-6(KL-6) level in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in mice exposed to silica.Methods Sixty C57BL/6 mice(half male and half female)were divided randomly into silica-treated group and control group.The mice in silica-treated group were injected with silica suspension and those in the control with normal saline through trachea.The mice were sacrificed at 30th,45th,60th,75th,and 90th day after the silica exposure.KL-6 in the serum and BALF was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The lung tissues were fixed and stained with Masson stain for the evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis.Results Collagen deposition in lung tissue was observed as early as 45 days after the silica exposure.Compared with the mice 45 days after the silica-treatement,the scores of pulmonary fibrosis were all significantly increased for the silica-treated mice at 60th,75th,and 90th day after the exposure(P<0.01 for all).For the mice of 60,75 and 90 days after the silica-treatment,the serum KL-6 levels were obviously higher than that of the control and the mice of 45 days after the silica-exposure(P<0.01).For the mice of 75 and 90 days after the silica-treatment,the KL-6 levels in BALF were obviously higher than those of the control and silica-treated mice 60 days after the exposure(P<0.01 for all)and serum and BALF KL-6 levels were positively correlated with the scores of pulmonary fibrosis(r=0.866 or 0.737,P<0.01).Conclusion Pulmonary fibrosis occurs 45 days after silica exposure and serum and BALF KL-6 level is positively correlated with the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
PFOA disrupts tight junctions between Sertoli cells via activation of ERK MAPK signal pathway
QIU Liang-lin, QIAN Ying-yun, QU Jian-hua.et al
2014, 30(12): 1539-1541. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-14
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Objective To explore the role of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)in the tight junction function between Sertoli cells and its mechanism.Methods Primary Sertoli cells were isolated from 10 days old male ICR mice.Cytotoxicity assay,transepithelial electrical resistance(TER)analysis,flow cytometry,and immunoblotting analysis were used to explore the effects of PFOA on the Sertoli cells.Results There were no significant toxic effects observed after PFOA treatment at the dose range from 0 to 100 μmol/L for 12 to 24 hours(P>0.05 for all).In addition,50 μmol/L of PFOA did not change the apoptosis rate of Sertoli cells(9.7%±3.2%).However,TER values were significantly decreased(37.35±5.2 Ωcm2 for PFOA group,49.85±6.4 Ωcm2 for PFOA+PD90859 group;P<0.05).Meanwhile,claudin-11,zonula occludens-1,and occludin significantly decreased,while phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK)increased after the treatment of 50 μmol/L PFOA(P<0.05),which could be inhibited by PD90859.Conclusion PFOA disrupts tight junctions between Sertoli cells via activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathway.
Effect of sea cucumber powder on immune function in mice
WANG Xiao-dan, YANG Hong-wu, YUAN Xue-fen.et al
2014, 30(12): 1542-1544. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-15
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Objective To investigate regulative effects of sea cucumber powder on immune function in normal mice.Methods Totally 200 male specific pathogen free Kunming mice were divided randomly into four groups:a control group and high,moderate,and low treatment groups with 0.33,0.67,and 1.00 g/kg sea cucumber powder administered by oral gavage for 30 days.The splenic lymphocyte tranformation efficiency and activity of natural killer(NK)cells were determined with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)method.The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)and the impacts of T cell subgroups were induced with dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB)method.The humoral immunity function was determined with serum antihemolysin and antibody-forming cell assay.Non-specific immune function was detected with monocaryon-macrophage cell and reticuloendothelial system phagocytosis.Results Compared with the control group,there were no significant changes in body weight in the mice of the three groups with sea cucumber powder treatment.There were no significant changes in thymus gland index,spleen index,and ear-swelling test.Compared with the control group,the splenic lymphocyte tranformation efficiency and NK cell activity were 0.378±0.125,0.370±0.096 and 57.24±7.31,57.54±7.29 for moderate and low dose treatment groups,and all were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05); the carbon clearance index of the mice in low and high dose treatment groups were 6.18±0.86 and 6.25±1.21,with significantl improvement(P<0.05).Conclusion Sea cucumber powder has some regulative effect on immune function and can enhance cellular immunity function in mice.
Job burnout and its influencing factors among staff in a grassroots center for disease prevention and control
LI Yu-lian, LÜ Jun, SHEN Yan-hui.et al
2014, 30(12): 1545-1549. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-16
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Objective To analyze the status of job burnout among the staff in a grassroots center for disease control and prevention,and to explore the relationship between job characteristics and job burnout.Methods A total of 245 staff from a district center for disease control and prevention were investigated with a questionnaire survey using Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS)and a self-designed questionnaire about demographic and job characteristics.Results Among the staff,the overall detection rate of the job burnout was 58.65% and the detection rate of mild,moderate,and severe burnout was 56.56%,32.79%,and 10.66%,respectively;the positive rate of the emotional exhaustion,cynicism,and diminished professional efficacy was 31.73%,31.73%,and 26.92% respectively.There were significant associations between the severity of the job burnout and the item of daily work,the item of temporary work,the proportion of the repetitive job working time (P<0.05 for all).Conclusion Job burnout detection rate was high in the staff in grassroots center for disease control and prevention and the staff suffered from highly exhaustion and cynicism,suggesting that job burnout situation is not optimistic in grassroots center for disease control and prevention.The staff who undertook repetitive work and more work load could suffer from severe job burnout.
Data envelopment analysis on work income and efficiency of rural doctors in Sichuan province
ZHANG Xue-li, YANG Lian, JING Lin.et al
2014, 30(12): 1550-1552. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-17
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Objective To examine work income and efficiency of rural doctors in Sichuan province and to provide evidences for increasing remuneration of the rural doctors Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 183 rural doctors selected with stratified cluster random sampling and data envelopment analysis was adopted in the study.Results Among the rural doctors,the average individual income from medical service per year was 37 946.1 Yuan(RMB),with a great difference in the individual income between the highest and lowest annual income(300 000.0 Yuan vs.4 900.0 Yuan); there were 37.9% of the rural doctors had an annual work income higher than that of the average level.The results of data envelopment analysis showed that for the 183 decision-making units,only 44 had a work efficiency value of 1,with a combined work efficiency rate of 24.0%; the combined work efficiency rates for the doctors in the three areas with different economic status were 28.3%,22.5%,and 20.0%,respectively.Conclusion There are great individual and obvious regional differences in the work income of rural doctors in Sichuan province; the funding for rural health service is not utilized efficiently and working enthusiasm of rural doctors needs to be improved.
Food residual management in catering business in Beijing
JUAN Juan, QIAN Jian-hua, QIN Xue-ying.et al
2014, 30(12): 1553-1555. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-18
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Objective To describe the management of food residue in the catering business in Beijing and to analyze the problems in food residual management for the development of strategies on food residual management.Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted.Representative sampling was adopted to select a community in central Beijing and all the catering units located in the community were investigated using a self-designed “catering services and food residue questionnaire”.Results Of all the catering units,42.2% conducted classification for the food residue and 46.7% disposed the food residue safely,while 31.7% discharged the food residue directly.There were 59.6% of the catering units assigning managers for food residue management,49.5% formulating food residue regulation,and only 28.9% having food residue ledger system.Among the administrative managers of the catering units surveyed,62.8% knew the hazards of food residue without correct treatment; 66.5% concerned about news or reporting on the issue of food residue; and 39.9%organized education program on food residue management.The managers in the catering units with large scale and good service had better knowledge and attitude about food residue management Conclusion Food residue classification rate and resource utilization rate need to be improved and the awareness of the importance of food residue management and the management of food residue should be strengthened in the catering business of Beijing.
Comparison and optimization of morphological indexs for male college students
WANG Yun-wu, GAO Guo-zhu
2014, 30(12): 1556-1558. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-19
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Objective To select better morphological indicators for male college students.Methods The data on physical examination of 3 577 male college students in Anhui province in 2013 were collected and 8 items of physical indicator of the students were analyzed with mathematical statistics and osculating interpolation.Results The statistics of the 8 items of physical indicator are related closely.Although all the items could indicate the status of physical development of the students,there are significant differences among the 8 items(P<0.01) and the differences result from calculation method of the items.The results of the analyses showed that the better indicators were Quetelet index,body volume,weight by surface area,and body mass index(BMI).Conclusion The best indicator of physical quality for male college students is Quetelet index.
Relationship between expressions of serum tumor biomarkers and prognosis of breast cancer
ZHANG Quan-jun, XIANG Yun
2014, 30(12): 1559-1561. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-20
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Objective To explore associations between carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 153(CA153),tissue polypeptide specific antigen(TPS) and clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients.Methods A total of 187 female breast cancer patients were selected and followed up.The data on clinical/pathological factors and clinic outcomes were collected and serum CEA,CA153,and TPS were measured among the patients.The relationships between CEA,CA153,TPS level and clinical/pathological factors and survival of the patients were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in positive rates of serum CEA and CA153 among the patients with different tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) stages and between the patients with and without lymph node metastasis(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rate of TPS among the patients with different TNM stage,lymph node metastasis status,and degree of tumor cell differentiation(all P<0.05).The survival time of the patients with either positive result of CEA/CA153/ TPS or the combination of the three indicators was significantly less than that of the patients with negative result of the indicators(all P<0.05).Cox regression analyses showed that the expression of CA153(risk ratio[RR]=3.462),TPS(RR=2.193) and degree of cell tumor differentiation(RR=4.215) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of breast cancer(all P<0.05).Conclusion High serum level of CEA,CA153 and TSP may predict poor outcome for breast cancer patients.CA153,TPS and tumor cell differentiation degree may serve as prognosis factors for breast cancer.
Adverse events following immunization in Dongying city,2008-2013
XU Ai-min, SU Ya-juan, LIU Hui
2014, 30(12): 1562-1564. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-21
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Objective To analyze the incidence and characteristics of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Dongying city,Shandong province,and to evaluate the efficiency of AEFI surveillance system.Methods The data on cases of AEFI in Dongying city during 2008-2013 were collected from national AEFI surveillance system and analyzed with epidemiological description.Results Totally 682 cases of AEFI were reported by vaccination outpatient clinic during the 6 years period and over 70% of the cases were related to the vaccines included in the National Immunization Programme(NIP).Of all the AEFI cases related to the vaccines of NIP,69.94% were aged ≤ 1 year and the sex ratio of the cases was 1.34:1.91(male to female); 91.05% had common minor reactions and 8.5% had rare serious reactions; 4.84% had allergic skin rash and 0.73% had lymph node inflammations related to bacillus Calmette Guerin(BCG).Most of the cases(77.86%) had the adverse events within the first day after the vaccination,with an incidence rate of 34.49/100 000 doses.The top 3 vaccines involved in the AEFI cases were acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus(APDT) vaccine(241 cases,53.57/100 000 doses),diphtheria-tetanus(DT) vaccine(52 cases,49.51/100 000 doses),and live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis(JE) vaccine(49 cases,18.77/100 000 doses).Almost all(672,98.53%)of the AEFI cases were completely cured and only 10(1.46%)cases had sequelae.Conclusion In Dongying municipality,the sensitivity and efficiency of AEFI surveillance system need to be improved and special attention should be paid to small children less than one year old,vaccinations of NIP vaccines and first dose,and the time period first day after the vaccination.
Application of diversified models in health education on prevention and control of tuberculosis among college students
YANG Xiao-zhong, LI Yuan
2014, 30(12): 1565-1567. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-22
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Objective To explore the application of diversified models in the health education on tuberculosis among college students.Methods A health education on control and prevention of tuberculosis was conducted among all students entering a vocational institute in 2013 with various forms of dissemination reading material,audiovisual programs,role playing,face-to-face interview,and dialectical statement.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge of core information before and after the health education among 500 students majoring in science or medicine selected with stratified cluster random sampling.Results After the education,the awareness rate of core information about tuberculosis increased from 55.15%(1 648/2 988)to 95.04%(2 834/2 982)(P<0.05).Of the students participating the questionnaire survey,90.34%(449/497) selected role playing as the most preferential form of the education,with 86.30% and 57.16% of the students selecting interview and dialectical statement,respectively,and totally 90.03% of the students reported the willingness to participate this kind of health education again.Conclusion Diversified forms of health education on tuberculosis control achieved a good result among college students,suggesting the health education model is helpful for health promotion in the population.
2014, 30(12): 1567-1570. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-23
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Effects of self-management education on physical activity level in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
LOU Xiao-ping, KANG Jing-jing, NIU Du-juan
2014, 30(12): 1571-1573. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-24
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Objective To explore the effects of self-management education on physical activity level in the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods Totally 80 maintenance hemodialysis patients were recruited in the study with convenience sampling method.The patients were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group(40 patients in each group).The patients in the control group received only usual care and those in the intervention group received a 6 months self-management education intervention.The Human Activity Profile(HAP) and walking speed were used to measure physical activity level of the patients before and after the treatments.Results After the intervention,the patients' HAP scores of the intervention group were significantly better than that of the control group except for the domains of entertainment and social intercourse(P<0.05).The normal walking speed and maximum walking speed were also improved(P<0.05).Conclusion Self-management education can effectively improve physical activity level for the patients with maintenance hemodialysis.
2014, 30(12): 1573-1575. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-25
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Study on method of missing data imputation for SNPs test
LI Ang, WEN Qi, GU Xing-bo.et al
2014, 30(12): 1576-1582. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-26
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Objective To study the effect and influencing factors of missing data imputation of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) test and to provide a scientific basis for the use of SNPs data in gene and disease association studies.Methods Human genome from International HapMap Project was used as raw data and Haploview software was used for tag SNP screening.HAPGEN2 software was adopted to simulate SNP reference data and the research data with simulated missing data.Then the research data were imputed with IMPUTE2 software based on reference data and the error rates of the imputations at different conditions(four levels of the missing ratio and the sample size of reference data) were compared.Results The imputation error rate was positively associated with the proportion of missing data and inversely with the sample size of reference data,with the error rates of 7.01%,5.92%,5.67%,and 5.26% corresponding to the reference data sample sizes of 50,100,150,and 200 repectively.The error rate of random site imputation(5.64%) was lower than that of tag SNP imputation(9.10%) when there was a large missing proportion(r2=0.825) and on the other hand using tag SNP imputation could fill the data at a lower error rate(4.96%) when there was a small missing proportion(r2=0.9).The imputation results showed that IMPUTE2 software resulted in low error rates(3%-13%) at different situations.Conclusion The proportion of missing data,reference data sample size,and different missing patterns have influences on imputation error rate.Selecting a subset of aim gene and then imputing the data is a good strategy in analyses.
2014, 30(12): 1582-1583. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-27
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Clinical evaluation on inflammatory effect of propofol and isoflurane in elderly meningioma patients
WANG Jian, GONG Jian, GUO Feng.et al
2014, 30(12): 1584-1586. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-28
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Objective To evaluate the influence of propofol and isoflurane on inflammation in elderly patients with meningioma.Methods Sixty-five patients of categorized as Ⅰ or Ⅱ of American Society of Anaesthesiology(ASA)category and undergoing meningioma surgery were divided randomly into a propofol group and an isoflurane group.The former group was given intravenous anesthesia with target controlled infusion of propofol 3-6 μg/mL,and the latter group received continuous inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane of 1%-2%.The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1),interleukin 1(IL-1),and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)were detected before the anesthesia and 0,24,and 48 hours after the operation.Results The serum levels of ICAM-1,IL-1,and TNF-α were significantly higher in isoflurane group than those in propofol group at 24 and 48 hours after the operation(all P<0.05).The serum levels of ICAM-1,IL-1,and TNF-α were significantly increased at 24 and 48 hours after the operation compared with those before the anesthesia in both groups(all P<0.001).Conclusion Propofol is better than isoflurane in inhibiting inflammatory reaction among elderly patients with meningioma.
Association of atmospheric temperature with incidence trend and cluster of hand,foot and mouth disease
SHI Zhen-dong, WANG Hua-yi, WANG Jia-kun
2014, 30(12): 1586-1588. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-29
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the incidence trend of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) and atmospheric temperature in Laiwu city during the period of 2011 to 2013 and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Data on HFMD epidemics and atmospheric temperature in Laiwu city from 2011 to 2013 were collected and analyzed with correlation regression.Results The average monthly incidence of HFMD was positively correlated with average,minimum and maximum atmospheric temperature,with the correlation coefficient(r) of 0.579 6,0.798 9,and 0.600 2(all P<0.01);the average monthly atmospheric temperature was positively correlated with the average monthly number of HFMD cluster epidemic(r=0.762 7,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:0.335 7-0.929 7,P=0.003 9);after logarithmic transformation,the average monthly number of the cluster HFMD epidemic was positively correlated with monthly average atmospheric temperature(r=0.929 1,95%CI:0.760 8-0.803,P<0.000 1),with a regression equation of log(y)=0.798 9+0.072 63x.Conclusion Data on atmospheric temperature could be used in the prediction of incidence and cluster epidemic of HFMD.
Risk factors of falls among community older people in Shijiazhuang city
MA Xin-yan, GAO Cong, JIANG Cai-xiao.et al
2014, 30(12): 1589-1591. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-30
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of falls among community older people in Shijiazhuang city and to provide evidences for the prevention of falls.Methods Totally 1 609 older people aged 60 years and over in two communities were selected with random sampling and surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire,Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians(OSTA) and balance test.Results Among the 1 609 participants,180 reported falls within one year and the incidence of falls was l1.2%;the results of logistic regression showed that the risk factors for falls included female(odds ratio[OR]=1.483),advanced age(OR=1.340),decreased ability of statics balance(OR=1.550),decreased ability of dynamic balance(OR=1.560),with fall history(OR=10.461),suffering from cerebrovascular disease(OR=2.298),suffering from hyperstosis(OR=1.996),continuous medication for over three months(OR=1.604),no handrails next to the toilet(OR=1.929),at a high risk of osteoporosis(OR=1.903),and with the history of fracture(OR=2.466).Conclusion Falls in older people is the outcome of combined effect of multifactors.The risk of falls was higher among persons with fall history.Comprehensive measure should be taken to prevent falls in the older people.
Comparison of HIV positive results between ELISA screening and western blot test
YU Gen-long, LI Feng-er, YE Zhi-ying
2014, 30(12): 1592-1594. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-31
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Objective To compare human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)positive results between enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)/Electro selenium screening and western blot(WB)test and to study the relationship between the results of screening and WB among the examinees in Putuo district of Zhoushan city,Zhejiang province.Methods Using methods described in the“National Guideline for Detection of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)”,185 positive specimens ascertained by HIV antibody screening were confirmed by WB test.Results Of all the samples,160(86.49%) were confirmed to be positive,13(7.03%) samples negative and 12(6.49%) samples uncertain by WB test.The positive coincidence rates of ELISA/Electro selenium method with WB were 88.89%and 89.89%(P>0.05).The mean value of signal to cutoff(S/c.o)of WB confirmation test were 15.76±7.42,5.48±2.17 and 6.83±3.06 for positive,negative and uncertain samples,respectively(P<0.05).For the 11 samples with the S/c.o values of equal to or more than 1 and less than 6,the positive coincidence rate with WB was 18.18%;for 17 samples with the S/c.o value of equal to or more than 6 and less than 10,the positive coincidence rate was 70.59%;and for 151 samples with the S/c.o value of more than 10,the positive coincidence rate was 96.69%.The appearance rates of gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p55,p24 reactive bands were all over 95%in WB confirmed HIV-1 antibody positive samples.Conclusion There are some false positive results in HIV screening test,suggesting the final HIV antibody test result must be confirmed by WB test,but WB test also has limitation for uncertain samples.
Prevalence of hyperlipidemia among physical examinees in Shenyang municipality
ZHANG Jing-hua, AI Jie
2014, 30(12): 1595-1596. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-32
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among physical examinees in Shenyang city to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.Methods Medical records of 109 770 physical examinees aged 18-90 years from 2004 to 2013 were collected from a hospital and analyzed retrospectively.Excel software and SPSS 20.0 were adopted in data analysis.Results The overall prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in the physical examinees was 49.8%(54 686/109 770)and the prevalence in the males was higher than that in the females(55.3%vs.40.0%).The prevalence rates were 64.1% and 63.7% for the male physical examinees aged 40-49 and 50-59 years and those were 66.5%,74.2%,and 73.9%for the female physical examinees aged 50-59,60-69,and 70-79 years.Conclusion The prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia among adult physical examinees in Shenyang municipality is at a high level and the prevalence rate of the male physical examinees was significantly higher than that of the female,with different prevalences among the physical examinees of different age.
2014, 30(12): 1597-1599. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-33
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Overweight,obesity and their influencing factors among residents in Yuhuatai district of Nanjing city
BAO Lei, XU Cui-lin, WANG Hua
2014, 30(12): 1599-1602. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-34
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Objective To investigate the prevalences of overweight and obesity and their associations with chronic diseases among residents in Yuhuatai district of Nanjing city.Methods With systematically stratified sampling method,residents aged 15 years or more in Yuhuatai district were selected and surveyed.Logistic regression was applied to investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and chronic diseases.Results Among all residents enrolled in the survey,a total of 12 627 subjects provided qualified questionnaires and were included in the analysis.The average BMI among the residents was23.64±2.91 kg/m2,and the proportions of overweight and obesity were 35.43% and 7.29%,respectively.The proportion of overweight in the male residents was significantly higher than that in the female residents(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significant gender difference in the proportion of obesity(P>0.05).Overweight and obesity were positively correlated with smoking and moderate- and high-salt food intake,with the odds ratios(ORs) of 1.22,1.28 and 1.47.The residents with mild physical activity,sleeping time of 6-8 hours and more than 8 hours had less risk of obesity,with the ORs of 0.79,0.91,and 0.77.The subjects with overweight or obesity had higher risks of hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and hyperlipidemia with the relative risks(RRs) of 1.65,1.55,1.27,1.49,1.06,1.87 and 2.38,2.39,1.54,2.07,1.69,4.26,respectively.Conclusion The proportion of overweight and obesity in the residents of Yuhuatai district in Nanjing city was high.Systematic intervention should be conducted and may be useful for control of chronic diseases.
2014, 30(12): 1603-1605. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-35
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2014, 30(12): 1606-1607. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-36
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Progress in research of health risk factors among women who have sex with women
WEI Li, JIA Cun-xian, FU Ji-hua
2014, 30(12): 1608-1611. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-37
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Women who have sex with women(WSW)include lesbian,bisexual,part of heterosexual and circumstances homosexuality.Compared with heterosexual,some foreign studies have revealed that WSW had elevated rates of sexually transmitted diseases(STD),mental health disease and lower health status.However,there are a few of researches on sexual behaviors and health status among Chinese WSW.Many domestic and foreign researches were widely retrieved and behavioral characteristics,prevalence of STD,mental health status and risk factors among WSW were reviewed.And this review aims to provide references for health education and behavior intervention among WSW.
2014, 30(12): 1612-1613. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-38
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2014, 30(12): 1613-1613. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-39
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2014, 30(12): 1614-1614. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-40
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2014, 30(12): 1615-1616. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-41
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2014, 30(12): 1616-1616. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-42
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2014, 30(12): 1617-1618. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-43
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2014, 30(12): 1618-1619. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-44
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2014, 30(12): 1620-1620. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-45
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论文
Effectiveness of intervention on konwledge,attitude and practice about drinking driving among general population in Nanjing
YAN Xiao-luan, LI Xiao-ning, ZHANG Feng-yun.et al
2014, 30(12): 1526-1529. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2014-30-12-10
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Objective To assess the effectiveness of interventions on knowledge,attitude and practice about drinking driving among general population in Nanjing city of Jiangsu province.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was applied to conduct a questionnaire survey among residents aged 18-69 years and living in Nanjing city at least six months both before and after an intervention program for drinking driving in the public.Results Totally 2 290 and 2 245 eligible questionnaires were collected in the two surveys.The awareness rates for the minimum blood alcohol concentration as the criteria of driving under the influence of alcohol(DUI)and driving while intoxicated(DWI),the duration of license suspension for driving a non-commercial and commercial motor vehicle while intoxicated among the participants were 20.2%,14.2%,6.6%,and 6.0% before the intervention and 42.2%,35.5%,11.8%,and 13.7% after the intervention,with significant increases after the intervention(all P<0.001).No significant difference in attitude toward drinking driving among the participants after the intervention.The self-reported drinking driving rate of post-intervention(10.9%)was lower than that of pre-intervention(15.7%)and self-reported drinking driving rate decreased significantly for the participants of living in suburb areas,male,aged ≤40 years,with the education of junior high school or below,and the married(P<0.05 for all).Self-reported witness of police enforcement activity on drinking driving,breath alcohol test on drivers,reading outdoor advertisements,billboards,brochures,and other materials about drinking driving were also increased after the intervention.Conclusion The awareness and behavior about drinking driving were improved among general population after the intervention program and the public maintained a good attitude toward drinking driving