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2015 Vol. 31, No. 12

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Profile of microRNA expression in esophageal cancer TE-1 cells
DONG Guo-kai, ZHU Zheng-qiu, SUN Xiao-ming.et al
2015, 31(12): 1623-1625. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-29
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Objective To examine the profile of microRNAs(miRNAs)expression in esophageal cancer TE-1cells and to provide references for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.Methods The esophageal cancer cells TE-1 and normal human esophageal cells HET-1A were cultured and their total RNA were isolated.Then,the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription and labeled with Cy3 fluorescence as probes,hybridized with microRNA gene chip,and scanned by laser scanner.The acquired image was analyzed for differentially expressed miRNAs.The real time reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR)was used for the determination of both five most up-and down-regulated miRNAs.Results A total of 676 miRNAs were screened from the TE-1 line cells,among which 113 miRNAs were statistically different from those of HET-1A cells(all P<0.05),including 76 up-regulated and 37 down-regulated miRNAs.The detection results of real time RT-PCR for 10 more differentially expressed miRNAs were consistent with those of gene chip.Conclusion The miRNAs differentially expressed between the esophageal cancer cells lines TE-1 and normal human esophageal cells HET-1A were obtained by miRNAs microarray.The study on these differentially expressed miRNAs could provide a good base for the study on development mechanism of esophageal cancer.
Interactive effect of genetic and environmental factors on stress response susceptibility
CHEN Yu-lu, WANG Qian, LIAN Yu-long.et al
2015, 31(12): 1660-1662. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-40
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Objective To investigate the interactive effect of genetic and environmental factors on the susceptibility to stress response among white-collar workers.Methods With stratified cluster sampling,we recruited 323 persons with scores of Job Stress Survey(JSS) higher than 90% of the normal reference value derived from a screening survey on occupational stress with JSS among 3200 Han white-collar workers.All the participants were surveyed with Life Event Scale(LES) and Social Support Rating Scale,and their blood samples were collected and genotyped for 4 locus of glucocorticoid receptor gene(GCCR:Rs10482605,Rs41423247,Rs258747,Rs17209237) with Snapshot technology.Results The participants with the mutation type of GCCR rs10482605 had a significantly higher average JSS score than those with the wild type(3.34±0.09 vs.3.28±0.07,P<0.05);the participants with the mutation type of GCCR rs17209237 had a significantly higher overall LES score than those with the wild type(49.41±15.60 vs.45.76±15.77,P<0.05).The mutated GCCR rs41423247 presented a negative multiplicative interaction to subjective social support(odds ratio=0.237,P<0.05).Conclusion Gene GCCR may be a genetic risk factor for stress response and may have interactive effect with environmental factors on stress response in human.
Protective effect of geniposide on myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in rats
CAI Zhi-hui, REN Li-ping
2015, 31(12): 1619-1622. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-28
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Objective To explore protective effect of geniposide on myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury and its mechanism in rats.Methods The myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury model was made by occluding left coronary artery in rats;then the rats were randomly divided into six groups:pseudo-operation group,ischemic reperfusion(I/R) group,geniposid groups with the dosage of 25,50,and 100mg/kg and a positive control group.The activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum,levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),maleic dialdehyde(MDA),Ca2+-ATPase in myocardial tissues were measured.Myocardial cell apoptosis was marked with terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL).The expressions of p53 protein,Bcl-2,and Bax in the myocardial tissues were detected with Western blot.Results Compared with those of the I/R group,significant decreases in LDH(4598.6±638.7 and 4386.9±549.8 U/L)in serum and MDA(2.12±0.47 and 1.63±0.29 nmol/mg.pro) in the myocardial tissues,and significant increases in the concentration of SOD(41.48±3.86 and 43.47±3.88NU/mg.pro) and Ca2+-ATPase(0.71±0.11 and 0.72±0.130 mol/mg.h) in the myocardial tissues were observed in the rats treated with geniposid at the dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg,respectively(all P<0.05).Compared to I/R group,geniposid could promote apoptosis of myocardial cells,with the apoptosis rates of 12.3±1.8% and 11.2±1.6% for the rats treated at the dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg(both P<0.05).The expressions of p53(1.71±0.35 and 1.62±0.5),Bax(0.95±0.24 and 0.89±0.19)were down-regulated for the rats of geniposid groups at the dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg(all P<0.05)and the expression level of Bcl-2(0.71±0.11 and 0.78±0.17) was up-regulated for the rats of geniposid groups at the dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg(all P<0.05).Conclusion Geniposide can reduce oxidative stress induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion;the mechanism of the effect maybe relate to the inhibition of p53 protein level,increase of Bcl-2/Bax ratio,and decrease of the occurrence of myocardial cell apoptosis.
Relationship between self-esteem,social support and depression among freshmen of a vocational college
LIU Xiang-ling, YE Mao-lin
2015, 31(12): 1657-1659. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-39
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Objective To explore the relationship between self-esteem,social support and depression among freshmen of a vocational college,and to provide a theoretical basis for mental health education in the students.Methods Totally 272 vocational college freshmen in Changsha city,Hunan province were surveyed with Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale(SES)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) from November to December 2014.Results The detection rate of depression was 19.85%(16.91%,2.57%,and 0.37%for mild,moderate,and severe depression)among the freshmen.The average overall score was 44.59±8.80 and 30.83±3.93 for depression and self-esteem;the average scores were 9.21±1.95 for objective social support,20.52±3.89 for subjective social support,8.1±1.77 for social support utilization,and 37.83±5.76 for total social support among the freshmen.The depression score was significantly correlated negatively with the score of self-esteem(r=-0.521,P<0.01)and with the scores of objective social support,subjective social support,social support utilization,and total social support,with the correlation coefficients of -0.165,-0.230,-0.172,and -0.261,respectively(P<0.01 for all).Conclusion Depression is closely related to self-esteem and social support among the freshmen in vocational colleges.
Expression and phosphorylation level of Cx43 in myocardium of mice with stress
XIA Bing, LIU Qi, XU Dong-bao.et al
2015, 31(12): 1626-1629. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-30
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Objective To observe the expression and phosphorylation level of connexin 43(Cx43)in myocardium of mice with stress,and to explore their forensic significance in the identification of stress-related sudden cardiac death.Methods The stress model and sudden cardiac death model in mice were established using methods described in references.Pathological changes in myocardium were observed with conventional hematoxylin and eosin(HE)stain.The expression distribution(area and strength)of Cx43 in mouse myocardium of each model was detected using immunohistochemistry and image analysis technologies.The phosphorylation level of Cx43 in mouse myocardium of each model was determined with Western blot technology.Results The stress-related cardiomyopathy changes were observed in the mouse hearts of stress group and sudden cardiac death group.Compared to those of the control group,the area of positive immunohistochemistry stain of Cx43 reduced and its distribution also disordered in myocardium of stress and sudden cardiac death mice.The phosphorylation level of Cx43 in myocardium of stress and sudden cardiac death mice was lower than that of the control group.Conclusion Changes in expression,distribution and phosphorylation level of Cx43 in myocardium are of refrerential significance in the identification of sudden cardiac death in mice.
Correlation between hypertension and depression in urban community elderly in Fuzhou city
JIA Li-na, ZHUANG Hai-lin, CHEN Yue.et al
2015, 31(12): 1642-1645. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-35
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Objective To study influencing factors of hypertension and depression and the correlation between the two diseases among urban community elderly in Fuzhou city.Methods Totally 2112 residents(882 with primary hypertension and 1230 with normal blood pressure)were recruited from two communities and surveyed with Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)and a self-designed questionnaire on general information between April to May 2012 in Fuzhou city.SPSS 16.0 was used in data analyses.Results The prevalence of depression was 64.4% among the elderly hypertensives and significantly higher than that(55.3%)among the elderly normotensives(χ2=16.386,P<0.01);the difference in the prevalence between the two groups was independent of age,gender,living condition,family support,familial daily expenses,and hobbies and interest in daily life(P<0.05);the elderly hypertensives of married,with the education of junior middle school or below,having a monthly income less than 2000 RMB yuan,paying all or partial medical costs by themselves had significantly higher depression prevalence than the elderly normotensives(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of depression were age(odds ratio[OR]=1.499,95% confidence interval[95%CI]:1.213-1.852)and hypertension(OR=1.453,95%CI:1.200-1.759)(both P<0.05),while the protective factors were self-paying for partial medical costs(OR=0.752,95%CI:0.592-0.956),having more hobbies and interest in daily life(OR=0.704,95%CI:0.560-0.885),with strong family support(OR=0.575,95%CI:0.473-0.700),and with enough income for household expenses(OR=0.786,95%CI:0.645-0.959)(all P<0.05)among the elderly.Conclusion Hypertension correlates positively with the incidence of depression among urban community elderly in Fuzhou city.
Preparation of pseudotype VSV with chikungunya virus envelop protein
YIN Xing-xin, XIN Yong-qin, SONG Qing-li.et al
2015, 31(12): 1616-1618. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-27
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Objective To develope a method for the preparation of pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV) with chikungunya virus(CHIKV)envelop protein.Methods VSV without G protein genome was used as the vector to produce pseudotype VSV.Results Pseudotype VSV with CHIKV envelop protein and green fluorescent protein(GFP) was developed.In the efficacy test,the infectivity of the pseudotype VSV constructed was 2.73% for the 1:2000 dilution of the antibody against CHIKV E2 of VSV-E2E1 virus,9.61% for the dilution of 1:4000,19.76% for the dilution of 1:8000,29.23% for the dilution of 1:16000,41.68% for the dilution of 1:32000,and 74.84% for the dilution of 1:64000,respectively;the infectivity of negative control was 2.46%.The viral replication was mostly inhibited under the dilution of 1:2000 for the antibody against CHIKV E2.Conclusion The constructed pseudotype VSV is safe and stable and can be applied in epidemic survey by measuring the expression of GFP in infected cells or the activity of luciferase.
Depression status and its risk factors among single empty-nest elderly in Shandong province
LI Cui-cui, JIANG Shan, YANG Ting-ting.et al
2015, 31(12): 1587-1589. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-19
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Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of depression among urban and rural empty-nest elderly living alone in Shandong province.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling,2667 empty-nesters were selected in Shandong province;then the 443 empty-nesters aged ≥60 years and living alone were recruited from the 2667 elderly and surveyed with Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15),Social Support Scale(SSRS),and a self-designed questionnaire on general information.Results The detection rate of depression was 19.9%(88/443) among the empty-nest elderly living alone and the detection rate was significantly higher among those without medical insurance(41.9%),not having regular physical exercise(27.9%),with chronic disease(22.7%),and with a poor self-reported economic condition(37.1%) compared to other elderly(all P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that without medical insurance(odds ratio[OR]=0.39,95% confidence interval[95%CI]=0.168-0.907),poor self-reported economic condition(OR=0.28,95% CI=0.165-0.478),with chronic disease(OR=0.48,95% CI=0.244-0.926),not taking part in physical exercise(OR=0.48,95% CI=0.288-0.800) were risk factors for occurrence of depression among the empty-nest elderly living alone.Conclusion The prevalence of depression is high and influenced mainly by self-reported economic condition,whether having chronic disease,and status of physical exercise among the empty-nest elderly living alone in Shandong province.
Disease burden of four obesity-related chronic diseases among rural resi-dents aged 35 years and over in Dayao county of Yunnan province
LI Qing, CAI Le, DONG Jun.et al
2015, 31(12): 1601-1605. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-23
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Objective To analyze disease burden of hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and stroke among rural adult residents in Dayao county of Yunnan province.Methods Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample of 2479 rural residents aged 35 years and over from Dayao county.Disability adjusted life years(DALY)was used as the measurement indicator of disease burden.Results Among the participants,the prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease(CHD),stroke,obesity,and central obesity was 40.4%,6.1%,5.5%,1.9%,4.6%,and 39.9%,respectively.The DALY/1000 due to hypertension,diabetes,CHD,and stroke was 2.0,3.4,32.4 and 24.0,respectively.The DALY/1000 for diabetes,CHD,and stroke were 3.7,34.9,and 27.2 in the males,which were higher than those in the females(3.0,30.2,and 21.0).The DALY/1000 for hypertension was 1.9 in the males,which was lower than tha in the females(2.1).After adjusting for gender,age,education level,marital status,family income per capita,familial disease history,smoking,and other confounding factors,obese people had 3.5,4.8,2.1,and 6.1 times increased risk for hypertension,diabetes,CHD,and stroke,while the central obese people had 2.3,2.4,1.9,and 5.2 times increased risk for hypertension,diabetes,CHD,and stroke compared to the non-obese(all P<0.05).The total DALY for the 4 obesity-related diseases was 17453.6,of which,15.9% was attributed to obesity and 41.2% to central obesity.Conclusion Reducing the prevalence of obesity and central obesity is helpful to decrease disease burden of hypertension,diabetes,CHD,and stroke among rural adult residents in Dayao county.
Improvement effects of Lycium barbarum extract on learning and memory and its mechanism in mice
YAN Lin, ZHANG Jing, LIU Xiang-yu.et al
2015, 31(12): 1613-1615. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-26
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Objective To investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum extract on learning and memory function and its mechanism in natural aging mice.Methods Sixty male Kunming mice of 12-month old were randomly divided into an aging control group and low,moderate,and high Lycium barbarum groups with intragastric administration of Lycium barbarum extract(0.1 ml/10 g·day) for 17 weeks; another 15 male Kunming mice of 2-month old were used as an adult control group.Learning and memory function of the mice were determined by Morris water maze and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to measure muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1(M1R) content in hippocampus tissues of the mice.Results The results of place navigation test at 5th day showed that the escape latency period for the mice of low,moderate,and high Lycium barbarum groups were 41.07±8.85,38.13±11.81,and 37.51±9.47 seconds,and significantly shorter than that of the aging control group(44.81±7.84 seconds)(all P<0.05).In spatial probe trial,the mice of low,moderate,and high Lycium barbarum groups showed significantly higher percentages of active time in the target quadrant(31.65±6.19%,36.34±7.62%,and 38.75±5.35%) and the times of across the platform(3.09±0.63,3.89±0.47,3.51±0.28,and 3.89±0.47 times)than those of the aging control group(28.82±3.18%,2.13±0.32 times)(all P<0.05).The concentration of M1R in hippocampus tissue for the mice of low,moderate,and high Lycium barbarum groups were 1137.84±339.63,1219.35±307.49,and 1325.81±327.76,1325.81±327.76 pg/mL and significantly higher than that of the aging control group(976.42±321.37 pg/mL)(all P<0.01).Conclusion Lycium barbarum extract could improve the learning and memory function in natural aging mice and the mechanism of the effect might be associated with the increase of M1R concentration in hippocampus tissue of the mice.
Determination of urinary mercury among workers with occupational exposure by atomic fluorescence spectrometry and microwave digestion
JIANG Feng, JIANG Ying, WANG Jun-ming
2015, 31(12): 1629-1631. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-31
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Objective To establish a method to detect urinary mercury among workers with occupational exposure by atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) and microwave digestion.Methods The urine specimens from workers with occupational mercury exposure were treated with microwave digestion and then the mercury in the specimens was determined with hydride generation AFS.Results The method showed a good linearity in the range of mercury concentration of 0.01-10μg/L(r=0.9996) and a detection limit of 0.01μg/L;the recovery rates of the method ranged from 100.0% to 107.8%,with the relative standard deviations of 2.07%-4.26%.Conclusion The method could be used to monitor mercury level in vivo among workers with occupational exposure.
Spatial distribution of community health service institutions in Guiyang city:an analysis with GIS
ZHU Jun-min, ZHU Yan, CHEN Yan-ni
2015, 31(12): 1650-1654. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-37
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Objective To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of community health service institutions in Guiyang city and to provide references for reasonable regional health planning.Methods We collected relevant information from Health and Family Planning Commission and official website of Guiyang municipal government.Kernel density estimation,buffer analysis,overlays analysis,and site selection tools were used in the study.Results Totally 136 community health service institutions(58 centers and 78 clinics)distributed in 92 communities and the overall coverage rate of community health service institution was 47.47% in Guiyang municipality in 2014.Of all the community health service institutions,99(72.78%)located in 3 districts(Yunyan,Nanming,and Huaxi)and there were 4 regions with relative dense distribution of the institutions,e.g.2 junction areas between Yunyan and Nanming district and between Huaxi and Nanming district and 2 southwest areas of Baiyun and Wudang district.The community health resources mainly distributed in downtown areas(Yunyan and Nanming district)and north area(Baiyun district)of the city.There were 8.70%(8/92)of the communities(mainly in urban border areas)without community health service institution.There were 25.74%(35/136)of community health service institutions locating outside of the administrative scope of the community and 76.92%(60/78) of the community health service clinics located within the service radius(1500 meters)of the community health service center.Conclusion The community health service institutions concentrate in the central urban areas of Guiyang municipality and the overall coverage of the institutions is relatively low;in addition,there are unbalanced distribution of community health resource and unreasonable location of community health service institutions in the city.
Marital relationship among mental disorder patients
DU Zhen-lin, TONG Hui-jie
2015, 31(12): 1638-1641. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-34
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Objective To explore marital relationship among mental disorder patients from the aspects of self-reported status and spousal interaction.Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in 108 mental disorder patients and 99 spouses of the patients recruited at 3 psychiatric hospitals in 3 provinces with Marital Adjustment Test(MAT),Marital Satisfaction Test(ENRICH),and Marital Health Test(MHT) between October 2014 and February 2015.Results Compared with those of national normal samples,the mental disorder patients had significantly lower scores for marital adjustment(70.29±23.52 vs.83.67±18.44),self marital satisfaction(32.49±8.47 vs.36.35±6.76),satisfaction of husband to wife(137.10±14.92 vs.145.47±15.19),satisfaction of wife to husband(137.54±17.02 vs.145.03±15.01),degree of rapprochement(130.69±12.43 vs.136.42±13.27),and role interaction(127.07±12.15 vs.133.00±13.44)(P<0.001 for all).The scores of female mental disorder patients for marital adjustment and marital satisfaction were significantly lower than those of their spouses(64.37±4.17 vs.69.26±4.04,30.74±1.68 vs.34.60±1.21)(P<0.05 for all);the marital satisfaction score of the spouses of the patients with compulsive disorders was significantly higher than that of the spouses of the patients with anxiety disorders(38.38±6.28 vs.30.70±7.42)(P<0.05);compared to the patients with depression,anxiety,or schizophrenia,the patients with compulsive disorders had a significantly higher score for marital satisfaction of husband to wife(146.31±8.46 vs.136.75±15.70,136.89±14.10,125.03±14.60)(P<0.05 for all);compared to the patients with the compulsive disorders,those with anxiety disorders had significantly higher scores for the understanding of a wife to her husband(144.77±19.73 vs.125.64±10.00)and the understanding of a husband to his wife(142.87±18.21 vs.124.58±10.64)(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion The marital relationship of mental disorder patients is poorer than the normal level.
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus among adult residents in Wuhan city
ZHANG Xuan, XIAO Chen-chang, CHEN Gong.et al
2015, 31(12): 1594-1596. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-21
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Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus(DM)among adult residents in Wuhan city and to provide evidences for prevention and control of DM.Methods Totally 2836 adult residents aged 18 years or older were selected using stratified cluster sampling in Wuhan city and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants during October to November 2013.Results Of 2836 adult residents,202 reported suffering from DM and the self-reported prevalence was 7.12%.Of the DM patients,91.09% were under hypoglycemic drug treatment,while only 57.92% reported normal blood sugar level at the survey.Among 184 patients taking hypoglycemic drug,71.74% had oral antidiabetic drugs,15.22% had insulin,and 13.04% had both of the drugs.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the residents aged 18 to 44 years,the risk of developing DM among the residents aged 45 to 59 years and 60 years or older were 9.43 times(odds ratio[OR]=9.43,95% confidence interval[95%CI]=3.38-26.31)and 19.87 times higher(OR=19.87,95%CI=6.66-59.34),respectively.The residents with overweight were 2.86 times(OR=2.86,95%CI=1.12-7.32)and those with obesity was 3.17 times(OR=3.17,95%CI=1.13-8.93)likely to have DM compared with the residents with relative low weight.Conclusion The prevalence of DM among adult residents in Wuhan city was relatively high.The screening and interventions on DM need to be improved among the residents with overweight and obesity and those aged 45 years or older.
Influence of parenting style and gender disparity on adolescent problem behaviors
LIU Yu-lu, LI Xin-ying
2015, 31(12): 1655-1657. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-38
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Objective To examine the influence of parenting style and gender disparity on adolescent problem behaviors.Methods With random cluster sampling,1387 adolescents aged 10-18 years were selected from 18 districts of Beijing municipality and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the adolescents and their parents selected from September 2007 to April 2008.Results The male adolescents had a significantly higher score for problem behaviors than the female adolescents(13.29±11.39 vs.11.86±9.91)(t=2.92,P<0.01).Compared to the male adolescents,the female adolescents had significantly higher scores for the four domains of parenting style of maternal warmth (25.12±5.91 vs.23.86±6.11),maternal monitoring (23.37±6.65 vs.22.30±6.78),fatherly warmth(25.37±4.91 vs.23.53±5.40),and fatherly monitoring(22.33±6.54 vs.20.81±6.50)(all P<0.01).Adolescents' problem behaviors were significantly correlated reveresely with the four domains of parenting style of maternal warmth(r=-0.27,P<0.01),maternal monitoring(r=-0.31,P<0.01),fatherly warmth(r=-0.28,P<0.01),and fatherly monitoring(r=-0.30,P<0.01).No moderating effect of gender disparity on the relationship between parenting style and problem behaviors was observed among the adolescents(P>0.05).Conclusion The same parental attention and concern should be paid to adolescent boys as to the girls to reduce the occurrence of problem behaviors among the boys.
Predictive value of obesity and metabolism indexes for hyperuricemia among rural adult Yi residents in Liangshan region
ZHOU Ai-jing, PAN Qing, LI Ai-ling.et al
2015, 31(12): 1646-1650. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-36
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Objective To explore predictive value of obesity and relevant metabolism indexes for hyperuricemia(HUA)among rural Yi residents in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture(Liangshan)of Sichuan province.Methods Stratified random cluster samp1ing was adopted to select 972 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in Liangshan for a cross-sectional study with questionnaire survey,physical examination,and laboratory detection.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between HUA and obesity indexes and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to determine the best predictable value of HUA with maximum Gordon's index as the best cut-off point.Results Among the 972 participants(452 males and 520 females),the HUA prevalence rate was 18.7%(27.2%for the males and 11.3%for the females)and the standardized prevalence rate was 22.0%(30.4%for the males and 12.31%for the females);there was a significant gender difference in HUA prevalence rate among the participants(χ2=105.429,P=0.001).There were significant age-differences in body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(HC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),waist-to-height ratio(WHTR),total cholesterol(TC),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in both the male and female participants(all P<0.05) and a significant age-difference in serum uric acid(SUA)in the male participants (P<0.05).Spearman correlation analyses showed that SUA was positively correlated with BMI,WC,HC,WHR,WHTR,and triglyceride(TG)(all P<0.01)but reversely correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(r=-0.132,P=0.005)among the male participants;whereas among the female participants,SUA was positively correlated with BMI,WC,HC,WHR,WHTR,TC,triglyceride(TG),and LDL-C(all P<0.01)but reversely correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.115,P=0.009).The highest area under the ROC curve of BMI for HUA diagnosis was 0.635,with a cut-point of 23.0 kg/m2,for the male participants and that of HC for HUA diagnosis was 0.605,with a cut-point of 87.50 cm for the female participants.Conclusion The prevalences of HUA and obesity are high and obesity and relevant metabolic indexes are of predicative significance for HUA among rural adult Yi residents in Liangshan region.
Spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Hunan province between 2012-2013:analysis with geographic information system
ZHENG Jian, TANG Yi, ZHA Wen-ting.et al
2015, 31(12): 1590-1593. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-20
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Objective To explore spatial distribution characteristics of tuberculosis(TB)in Hunan province from 2012 to 2013 using geographic information system(GIS)for identifying key areas of TB prevention and optimal allocation of public health resources in Hunan province.Methods The data on TB morbidity from January 2012 through December 2013 in Hunan province were collected.The spatial distribution map for reported TB cases was built by using the software GIS 10.2.Spatial autocorrelation and trend surface analysis were applied to explore aggregation and hot region of TB incidence.Results The registration rate of smear-positive TB was 406/100000 and 364/100000 for the year of 2012 and 2013 in Hunan province,respectively.Global spatial autocorrelation showed that there was a spatial aggregation in TB incidence in Hunan province(2012:Moran'I index=0.86,Z=17.89,P<0.05;2013:Moran'I index=0.58,Z=12.06,P<0.05).Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the patients were highly aggregated in 11 and 10 counties in 2012 and 2013.Trend surface analysis showed that the overall TB distribution was decreased linearly from the west to the east of Hunan province,and an U-type curve could be used to describe the TB distribution from the south to the north.Conclusion TB patients were highly aggregated in 11 and 10 counties in 2012 and 2013,and TB incidence in western region was higher than in eastern region,while the incidence was higher in south and north region than in central region in Hunan province.
Affects of transcription factor C/EBP on hepatoma cells SMMC-7721
CHEN Li-rong, JIA Yan-mei
2015, 31(12): 1609-1612. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-25
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Objective To investigate the effect of targeted CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β(C/EBP-β)gene silencing on proliferation,apoptosis,and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.Methods The DNA sequences of C/EBP-β,enhanced green fluorescent protein(eGFP),and small hairpin RNA(shRNA)were designed with bioinformatics method and synthesized;the synthesized DNA were then transfected into plasmid pLKO.1-TRC and packaged with lentivirus which was used to infect liver SMMC-7721 cells.Puromycin was employed to screen and culture stable cell lines interferenced.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8 kit)and transwell cell migration assay were adopted to detect the proliferation and migration of SMMC-7721 cells;Western blot was used to determine the changes of apoptosis-related proteins in SMMC-7721 cells.Results The proliferation rate of SMMC-7721 liver tumor cells with C/EBP-β gene silencing was significantly increased,with a relative proliferation ratio of 136.8%(P<0.05),and the migration of the SMMC-7721 cells was significantly enhanced,with a migration inhibitive rate of -292.3%(P<0.05).In addition,the expressions of cell cycle protein cyclin B1 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased significantly(both P<0.05)and the expression of Bax decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the intervened SMMC-7721 cells.Conclusion The silence of C/EBP-β gene could promote cell proliferation and migration and inhibit cell apoptosis in SMMC-7721hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Equality of public family-planning service for female floating population
WANG De-wen, GUO Pei-pei, MA Jian-nan.et al
2015, 31(12): 1663-1666. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-41
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Objective To investigate current situation about the equality of public family-planning service for floating women in Huli district of Xiamen city.Methods A household questionnaire survey was conducted among 590 childbearing women aged 18-49 years(401 migrant women and 189 women with registered local residence)in Xiamen during June to July 2014.Results Among the participants,38.2% of the floating women and 79.4% of the registered women received cervical and uterus cancer screening;66.7% of the local women and 41.6% of the floating women reported condom use for contraception.The proportion of receiving prenatal and postnatal care service free of charge was lower among the floating women than among the local women.For the floating women and the local women having gave birth to their babies in Xiamen city,87.5% and 82.9% had never received prenatal examination free of charge;59.8% and 84.6% received prenatal examination 5 times or more;and 75.2% and 83.4% had their children being received all vaccinations covered by planned immunization free of charge.Conclusion The floating women in Xiamen city received less basic public services than the registered local women in general and the equality of public family-planning services needs to be improved.
Effect of interaction between fundus atherosclerosis and family presbycusis history on presbycusis
ZHAO Jing-bo, ZHANG Meng-si, LI Yuan-yuan.et al
2015, 31(12): 1635-1638. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-33
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Objective To investigate the interactive effect of fundus atherosclerosis and family presbycusis history on the incidence of presbycusis and to provide a basis for the research of pathogenesis and genetics of elder deafness.Methods A based-hospital case-control study was carried out among 165 out-patients with presbycusis and 202 controls with normal hearing recruited in the Ear-Nose-Throat Department of Ninth Harbin Municipal Hospital between June 2013 through August 2014 with a questionnaire survey,fundus examination,and hearing test.Results The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that compared to those with neither fundus arteriosclerosis nor family presbycusis history,the participants with both fundus arteriosclerosis and family presbycusis history had a significantly higher risk of presbycusis,with the odds ratio(OR)of 17.57(95% confidence interval[95%CI]:4.57-67.57)after adjusting for age and sex and the OR of 10.69(95%CI:2.71-42.28) after adjusting for age,sex,smoking,alcohol consumption,education level,annual per capital income,hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and cerebrovascular disease;but no significant interactive effect of fundus arteriosclerosis and family presbycusis history on presbycusis was observed(OR=1.66;95%CI:0.25-10.94).Conclusion The coexistence of fundus arteriosclerosis and family presbycusis history is significantly associated with an increased risk of presbycusis but the effect of the two factors is not interactive.
Epidemiologic characteristics of AIDS patients with HAART in Nangang district of Harbin city
QU Le-meng, WU Qun-hong, WANG Fu-xiang.et al
2015, 31(12): 1574-1575. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-15
Abstract(902) HTML (167) PDF 953KB(41)
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Objective To describe epidemiologic characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)patients under highly active anti-retroviral therapy(HAART)in Nangang district of Harbin city,Heilongjiang province,and to provide evidences for effective intervention,surveillance and management on AIDS patients.Methods Data on demographic and clinical information of 490 AIDS patients with HAART in Nangang district of Harbin city were collected from March 18,2006 to September 23,2013 and analyzed with SPSS 17.0.Results The male to female ratio was as high as 14.31:1 among the patients and 77.96%of the patients were at the ages of 21-50 years.Of the patients,404(82.45%)were infected through sexual contact,including 348 homosexuals.There was a significant gender difference in the infection route among the patients(P<0.005).The base level of CD4+ count increased from 78/μL in 2006 to 234.59±146.98/μL in 2013,suggesting an obvious improvement in outcome of HAART(P<0.001).Conclusion The number of AIDS patients receiving treatment increased yearly in Nangang district of Harbin city.HAART can effectively enhance the immune function of AIDS patients.The intervention on AIDS related behaviors should be strengthened among the populations with active sexual activity,especially among homosexual population.
Situation of sensation seeking among young men who have sex with men
CHEN Xue-mei, YAN Hong, CAO Yue.et al
2015, 31(12): 1559-1562. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-11
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Objective To examine the situation of sensation seeking among young men(25 years old and below)who have sex with men(YMSM)in Wuhan city.Methods From May to November 2013,YMSM were recruited through internet promotion,extending activity and human immunodeficiency virus voluntary counseling and testing(HIV VCT)in Wuhan and investigated via an anonymous questionnaire survey.Data were analyzed with SPSS software and t test and analysis of variation(ANOVA)were used.Results Among the 398 YMSM,the sensation seeking score was 15.46±5.70 and the average scores for experience seeking(ES),boredom susceptibility(BS),thrill and adventure seeking(TAS),and disinhibition(DI)were 3.97±1.69,4.62±1.68,3.77±1.74,and 3.11±1.63,respectively.The ES score of the YMSM with bachelor degree or above was higher than those with high school or less education degree(4.06±1.69 vs.3.53±1.62,t=2.41;P=0.018).The scores for ES,TAS,DI and overall sensation seeking among the YMSM with a disposable monthly income of over 2000 RMB Yuan were higher than among those with less than 2000 Yuan.The YMSM with homosexual orientation before the age of 18 years had higher scores of all the items of sensation seeking than those with the orientation at the age 18 years or above.The YMSM with histories of drug abuse,group sex or one night sex had higher scores for all items of sensation seeking compared to other YMSM.The YMSM who having unprotected anal sex had higher scores for ES,DI,and overall sensation seeking than those using condom consistently when having sexual activity.Conclusion High sensation seeking are correlated with higher education,good economic condition,having homosexual orientation under the age of 18 years,drug abuse,group sex or one night sex behaviors,and unprotected anal sex among YMSM and specific intervention programs need to be conducted among the YMSM with high sensation seeking.
HIV infection among couples and regular sexual partners of HIV/AIDS patients in Fujian province
CHEN Liang, ZHANG Ming-ya, LIN Xun.et al
2015, 31(12): 1536-1538. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-04
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and related factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection among couples and regular sexual partners of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)cases in Fujian province.Methods HIV/AIDS patients first diagnosed between 1 January,2008 and 31 December,2013 were surveyed with a questionnaire and followed up retrospectively to examine HIV antibody positive conversion among their couples and regular sexual partners.Univariate and multivariate analysis were adopted in data analyse.Results Of the 872 patients surveyed,26.5%reported positive conversion of HIV antibody of their couples or regular sexual partners;36.6%reported sexual contact with their couples or regular sexual partners in the previous 3 months at the time of last follow-up.Of the patients reporting sexual contact with their couples or regular sexual partners,93.4% used condom every time during the sexual contacts.Significant differences in HIV antibody positive conversion rate of the couples and regular sexual partners were observed among the patients of different gender,educational background,CD4 count,and condom use.Logistic regression analyses indicated that the factors related to HIV antibody positive conversion of the couples and regular sexual partners of the patients included a male being the HIV positive first(odds ratio[OR]=0.338,P<0.001),with the education of college or above(OR=0.209,P=0.007),with a CD4 count greater than 350/mm3(OR=0.521,P<0.001),and using condom in every sexual contact(OR=0.054,P<0.001).Conclusion Couples and regular sexual partners of HIV/AIDS patients are key populations at risk of HIV infection.Notification procedure of HIV antibody detection should be standardized to control HIV transmission between HIV/AIDS patients and their couples and regular sexual partners.
Survival of HIV/AIDS patients in Nanning city of Guangxi,1999-2014
LI Si-si, NONG Quan-xing, XU Yong-fang.et al
2015, 31(12): 1569-1573. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-14
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Objective To analyze survival rate of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)patients in Nanning city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Guangxi).Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the survival time and its related factors among 5155 HIV/AIDS cases after diagnosis during 1999-2004 in Nanning city.Kaplan-Meier method was applied to describe the survival distribution and life table was performed to calculate the survival proportion.Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the factors associated with the survival.Results The overall mortality was 11.58/1000 person-months.The average survival time was 114.42 months(95%confidence interval[95%CI]=106.75-122.09)with a 15-year survival rate of 55.01%by the end of the observation.Among the 5155 AIDS cases,1533(29.74%) were diagnosed as HIV-positive at the ages of 60 years or above and 1502 died during the observation period,of which 806(53.66%)died within 6 months after the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.The results of multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that gender(hazard risk(HR)=0.741,P<0.001),age at HIV infection(HR=1.111,P<0.001),transmission route(HR=0.692,P=0.037),and anti-retroviral therapy (ART)(HR=0.062,P<0.001)were influential factors of the survival rate.Conclusion There were many aged and delayed-diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients Nanning city.Timely ART was an effective approach to prolong the survival of AIDS patients.
Detection of organic acids in Chinese sauerkraut fermentation process with HPLC
GUO Hong, LIU Guang-fu, WANG Feng-jiao
2015, 31(12): 1632-1634. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-32
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Objective To detect 6 kinds of organic acid in Chinese sauerkraut and variations of the acids in Chinese sauerkraut fermentation process with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Methods Agilent C18 column(250 nm×4.6 mm,5μm) was applied with a mobile phase of 0.05% phosphoric acid-methol solution(90:10);the gradient was selected at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min;the ultraviolet detector was set at 210 nm.The variations in organic acids contents in natural fermentation and inoculated fermentation of Chinese sauerkraut were compared.Results The correlation coefficient was from 0.9995 to 0.9999,and the recovery rate of organic acids in the Chinese sauerkraut samples varied from 97.43% to 98.56%.During the fermentation process,acetic acid content increased first and then decreased,while contents of other acids increased gradually.The contents of lactic,acetic,and oxalic acid in inoculated fermentation were higher than those in natural fermentation.Conclusion The contents of organic acids in Chinese sauerkraut processed with inoculated fermentation are higher than those with natural fermentation.
Influencing factors of syphilis infection among older female sex workers in Qingdao city
XU Yi-qing, LI Yi-fei, JIANG Zhen-xia.et al
2015, 31(12): 1525-1529. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-02
Abstract(1190) HTML (311) PDF 1039KB(79)
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and syphilis infection among older female sex workers(OFSWs)in Qingdao city,China and to provide evidences for making prevention and intervention strategies.Methods Totally 420 women aged ≥35 years,residing in Qingdao city at least 3 months,and having one or more commercial sex behavior during the previous one month were recruited with respondent-driven sampling(RDS) method between March and May 2014.The participants were surveyed with a questionnaire face-to-face and serum test for HIV and syphilis infection.Results A statistics verified representative sample of OFSWs was recruited and the average age of the participants was 42.6±6.4 years; most of the participants were Han ethnic,divorced or widowed,without local census register,and with the primary school or lower education.No HIV positive cases was identified among the participants.Among participants,125 had prior and 36 had current syphilis infection; the RDS-adjusted lifetime prevalence of syphilis was 31.8% and the active prevalence of syphilis was 9.1%.The result of multivariate logistic stepwise regression showed that with local census register(odds ratio[OR]=2.082,95% confidence interval[95%CI]=1.310-3.310),drug-use behavior(OR=2.006,95%CI=1.161-3.466),having commercial sex after the age of 35 years(OR=1.779,95%CI=1.133-2.791),and with a duration of commercial sex over 4 years(OR=1.930,95%CI=1.100-3.384) were factors related to the lifetime syphilis infection among the participants.Conclusion The serum prevalence of syphilis infection is high,suggesting an increased risk of HIV transmission among OFSWs in Qingdao city.
Results of sentinel surveillance on AIDS and related behaviors among pregnant women in Liaoning province,2010-2014
YAO Shu-jie, ZHOU Dan, WANG Li.et al
2015, 31(12): 1566-1569. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-13
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Objective To explore time trends of infection and behavior change related to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS),syphilis,and hepatitis C virus(HCV)among pregnant women in Liaoning province.Methods Cross-sectional surveys,including questionnaire survey and venous blood specimen testing,were conducted among pregnant women in 15 sentinel AIDS surveillance sites from 2010 to 2014.Results For the pregnant women surveyed during the period,the demographic distribution was not significantly changed;some of the pregnant women reported drug using history,but the prevalence of drug use maintained at a low level.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge increased from 77.0% in 2010 to 92.9% in 2014 among the pregnant women(Ptrend<0.001).During the period,only two HIV positive cases were detected in 2011 and 2012 but the prevalence of syphilis increased from 0.37% in 2010 to 0.52% in 2014(Ptrend<0.05).The prevalence of HCV was not significantly changed,with a fluctuation range between 0.15% and 0.42%(Ptrend>0.05).Conclusion HIV prevalence among pregnant women maintained at a low level in Liaoning province.However,the prevalence of syphilis increased from 2010 to 2014.
Social capital and HIV/AIDS in China:a systematic review
ZHAO Yan, CHEN Ren, WANG Dan-ni.et al
2015, 31(12): 1562-1565. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-12
Abstract(1088) HTML (218) PDF 1011KB(42)
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Objective To systematically review empirical studies on the association between social capital and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndromes(HIV/AIDS) in China.Methods The relevant studies were systematically searched;eligible studies were graded;and relevant data were extracted.Results A total of 11 literatures were identified.The results showed that the yearly number of articles fluctuated strongly;the definition of social capital defined by Lin Nan was referenced mostly.The research level and contents of the articles are relatively simple.Both positive and devastating impacts of social capital on AIDS-related issues were found in the included articles.Conclusion Studies have proved that that there is a connection between social capital and HIV/AIDS in China and there are great differences in the definition and measurement of social capital compared with the researches abroad.
Interventions on mental crisis among people living with HIV/AIDS
XIAO Xue-ling, LEI Yun-xiao, WANG Hong-hong
2015, 31(12): 1549-1551. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-08
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The number of people with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)(people living with HIV or AIDS,PLWHA) is increasing year by year and the mental health of PLWHA becomes a focus concerned by the public.In the initial stage of HIV diagnosis and AIDS period,PLWHA face more serious mental problems leading to crisis.Crisis interventions are more frequently used in the population with others diseases,but less among PLWHA.The review summarizes psychological characteristics of PLWHA during a crisis and application of crisis intervention among PLWHA.
Status and impact factors of HIV voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) and HIV positive rate among VCT attendees in Hubei province,2013
LI Li-na, PENG Guo-ping
2015, 31(12): 1546-1548. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-07
Abstract(1067) HTML (214) PDF 959KB(35)
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Objective To examine the situation and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) in Hubei province in 2013,and to provide evidences for adjusting VCT strategy.Methods Data on demographic information,the reasons for seeking VCT,and the result of HIV antibody screening among VCT attendees were collected form 333 VCT clinics in Hubei province in 2013.Results Totally 57378 people received VCT services,of which 56654 undertook HIV antibody screening,with a screening rate of 98.74%.Among the attendees having HIV antibody screening,442 were positive to HIV and the positive rate was 0.78%.Of all the VCT attendees,91.96% took the VCT actively;34.23% had non-commercial extramarital heterosexual behavior and 30.87% had commercial heterosexual behavior.The HIV positive rate was the highest(6.88%) among the attendees being men who have sex with men(MSM),followed by the rate(5.47%) among those with a HIV positive spouse or regular sexual partner.Multivariate logistic analyses showed that age,reason for seeking VCT,medical institutions selected for VCT,and history of HIV test were associated with HIV positive results among the attendees.Conclusion VCT should be combined with provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling and post-test counseling and intervention should be strengthened.
Awareness and high risk behaviors of HIV infection among female sex workers in Yunnan border region
ZHANG Zu-yang, SONG Li-jun, MEI Jing-yuan.et al
2015, 31(12): 1539-1542. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-05
Abstract(1581) HTML (376) PDF 969KB(45)
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Objective To examine the awareness and high risk behaviors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection among female sex workers(FSWs)in border regions of Yunnan province and to provide evidences for making intervention measures among the FSW.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among FSWs recruited with community probability sampling and census from 8 prefectures and cities in border regions of Yunnan province.Information about demography and risk behaviors were obtained with a face-to-face interview.Results The overall awareness rate for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)was 97.5% among the 12445 FSWs and there was a statistically significant difference in the rate between the counties in border and inland region(χ2=66.746,P<0.01)and in the border regions the foreign FSWs had a lower AIDS awareness rate than the Chinese FSWs (χ2=149.038,P<0.01).The overall rate of using condom in every sexual activity with the client within previous one month was 94.9% among the FSWs and the rate was lower among the FSWs in border region counties than among those in inland counties(χ2=21.543,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for not using condom in commercial sexual activity among the FSWs included aged less than 30 years (odds ratio[OR]=2.03),being minority(OR=0.782),with the education of under junior high school(OR=1.425),working in ordinary public places(OR=1.098),working in small public places(OR=1.395),without knowledge about AIDS(OR=6.672),and drug using(OR=1.915)and the main reason(55.3%)for no condom use reported by the FSWs was obeying the will of the client.The overall rate of drug use was 1.7% among the FSWs and the overall rate of injection drug use was 0.8%;the foreign FSWs had a higher rate of drug use than the Chinese FSWs(χ2=29.145,P<0.01).The overall prevalence rate of sexually transmitted disease(STD)diagnosed in the previous one year was 0.8% and the most prevalent STD was Chlamydia trachomatis infection of genital tract among the FSWs.Conclusion More attentions should be paid to the FSWs of being foreigner,younger,minority,drug user,with low education,and without knowledge about AIDS in the interventions on HIV infection in border regions of Yunnan province.
Detection and toxic gene analysis of Vbrio parahaemolyticus in seashells from coastal area of Dalian city
CAI Te, WANG Li-zhi, ZHANG Kai-yi
2015, 31(12): 1674-1676. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-45
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Objective To evaluate the contamination status of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(Vp)and 3 virulence genes in seashells from coastal area of Dalian city.Methods A total of 132 fresh seashells samples were collected from retail markets and oyster farms in Dalian municipality and detected for Vp with real-time PCR.The tdh,trh,and orf8 genes were also tested.Results The results showed that the 43 genes of Vp were detected and the detection rate was 32.6%(43/132).The tdh genes were detected in 2 out of 43 isolates of Vp and the detection rate was 4.7%.The trh genes were detected in 2 out of 43 isolates of Vp and the detection rate was 4.7%.The orf8 genes were detected in 1 out of 43 isolates of Vp,and the detection rate was 2.3%.The orf8 genes and the tdh genes were detected in 1 out of 43 isolates of Vp and the detection rate was 2.3%.The trh genes and tdh genes were detected in 16 out of 43 isolates of Vp,and the detection rate was 37.2%.The tl genes were detected in 23 out of 80 isolates of Vp in oyster samples and the detection rate was 28.8%,including 10 samples containing virulence genes.Conclusion Heavy Vp contamination exists in seashells from coastal area of Dalian.
Spatiotemporal cluster of HIV/AIDS in Guangxi,2005-2012
CHEN Lan-xin, ZHU Qiu-ying, WANG Xue-yan.et al
2015, 31(12): 1521-1525. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-01
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Objective To detect the spatiotemporal cluster of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Guangxi)from 2005 through 2012.Methods Spatial empirical Bayesian smoothing(SEBS)was used to smooth the notified incidence of HIV/AIDS at county level from 2005 through 2012 in Guangxi.HIV/AIDS spatiotemporal clusters were identified by using spatiotemporal scan statistics and Poisson model and then were visualized via Geographic Information System(GIS).Results The areas with the most serious HIV/AIDS epidemics,including urban area and some counties of Liuzhou and Hezhou city and some counties in southwest region adjacent to Vietnam,were identified with both thematic maps of notified incidence adjusted by SEBS and spatiotemporal scan statistics.There were six spatiotemporal clusters of HIV/AIDS notified incidence in Guangxi from 2005 through 2012.Among the clusters,the first-level cluster areas centered on Luzhai county and covered 17 counties(cities/districts),with the clustering time from November 2010 through September 2012(log likelihood ratio(LLR)=1886.21,relative risk(RR)=2.97;P=0.00);the main second-level cluster areas centered on Shangsi county,including 20 counties(cities/districts),with the clustering time from March 2010 through September 2011(LLR=944.69,RR=2.00;P=0.00);the other cluster areas centered on Gangnan district of Guigang city and covered 11 counties(cities/districts),with the clustering time from March 2011through May 2012.Conclusion Spatiotemporal scan statistics could be applied to reveal the spatiotemporal clusters of HIV/AIDS in Guangxi.Health departments should strengthen the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the areas with spatiotemporal clustering of the epidemic.
Motivations for homosexual behavior and their related characteristics of MSM in Beijing
SUN Yan-ming, LI Gui-ying, HE Shu-fang.et al
2015, 31(12): 1530-1535. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-03
Abstract(1013) HTML (205) PDF 977KB(24)
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Objective To examine different motivations for homosexual behavior and their associations with demographics,sexual behavior,and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection of men who have sex with men(MSM) in Beijing.Methods With respondent-driven sampling(RDS),600 MSM living in Beijing were surveyed face-to-face with a questionnaire on demography,reasons for engaged in homosexual activity,and HIV infection related behaviors.Blood samples of the MSM were collected for HIV detection.Results Of all the MSM,65.5%(393,named innateness group) attributed their involvement in homosexual activity to innate tendency,33.5%(201,named curiosity group) to curiosity,and only 6(1.0%) to other motivations.The average age of the MSM was 32.8±9.2 years,and the average age of MSM of innateness group was significantly younger than that of curiosity group(P<0.05).The proportion of being unmarried was higher in innateness group than in curiosity group(74.8% vs.60.2%,P<0.05).The MSM of innateness group reported a higher education level than the curiosity group(P<0.05).The curiosity group reported a significantly higher ratio of bisexual behavior than innateness group(52.7% vs.19.6%,P<0.05).There were 38.9% of the MSM in curiosity group reporting the preference of having insertive anal sex,significantly higher that in innateness group(30.6%)(P<0.05),whereas,there were 71.2% of the MSM of innateness group reporting the preference of having a regular sexual partner,higher than those of curiosity group(62.5%).The proportion of having sex with females was significantly higher in the curiosity group than that in the innateness group(77.6% vs.38.4%,P<0.05).The MSM of curiosity group knew less AIDS related policy and knowledge and the sites of HIV voluntary counseling and testing than those of innateness group(all P<0.05),but the HIV positve rate was significantly higher in the MSM of curiosity group than those of innateness group(14.4% vs.8.1%,P<0.05).Conclusion Different motivations for the involvement in homosexual activity have different impacts on the risk of HIV transmission among MSM.The MSM of curiosity group,which have lower social status,poorer knowledge about safety sex,and higher HIV infection rates,may play an important role in the transmission of HIV.
Sentinel surveillance on prevalence HIV/AIDS among drug users in Liao-ning province,2010-2013
ZHOU Dan, ZHOU Jin-ling, WANG Li.et al
2015, 31(12): 1543-1545. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-06
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Objective To examine human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevalence and behavioral characteristics among drug users(DUs),and to provide evidences for AIDS prevention and control.Methods Data on sentinel surveillance for HIV/AIDS among DUs from 2010 through 2013 were collected from 5 monitoring points in Liaoning province and analyzed with SPSS 19.0.Results From 2010 to 2013,the number of DUs recruited by the sentinel surveillance was 1664,1656,1939,and 2009,respectively.Among the DUs surveyed,the annual HIV positive rate was 0.1%,0.4%,0.1%,and 0.1%and the annual hepatitis C virus(HCV) positive rate was 19.9%,14.8%,10.2%,and 7.6%,with a significant decreasing trend(P<0.05).For the 4 years among the DUs,the knowledge rate of AIDS was 76.5%,82.4%,83.2%,and 86.3%and the consistent condom use rate in commercial sex was 31.2%,33.3%,38.8%,and 51.7%,respectively,and both the rates showed an increasing trend(P<0.05 for all);in addition,the prevalence of injection drug use also showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05),with the yearly rate of 40.1%,31.8%,26.7%,and 22.8%,respectively.Conclusion The HIV positive rates among DUs in Liaoning province maintained at a low level,but the HCV positive rates was at a high level from 2010 to 2013,suggesting effective intervention on HIV/AIDS high risk behaviors needs to be promoted among DUs in the area.
Knowledge,attitude and practice about AIDS among MSM in Lhasa of Tibet
QIN Qin, Laba-Sangzhu
2015, 31(12): 1552-1555. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-09
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Objective To examine the status of knowledge,attitude and practice about human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndromes(AIDS) among the men who have sex with men(MSM) in Lhasa municipality of Tibet Autonomous Region and to provide evidences for developing prevention strategy and health education program in the MSM.Methods Using cross-sectional design,we recruited MSM living in Lhasa for two weeks or more for a survey with self-administered questionnaire and face-to-face interview at a gay bar from 2012 through 2013.We adopted SPSS 19.0 in data analyses.Results A total of 124 valid questionnaires were collected.The average age of the respondents was 28.8±7.0 years.Of the respondents,57%(71/124) had their first sexual activity with a female partner and only 23.4%(29/124) used condom in their most recent anal sex activity.The AIDS awareness rate was above 50% for all the respondents;7.3%(9/124) of the respondents reported history of sexually transmitted diseases and 87.9%(109/124) expressed the intention to marry a female.Conclusion Unsafe sexual behavior is common among MSM in Lhasa city,suggesting sentinel surveillance on AIDS should be established among the MSM.
Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in global fund areas of Shandong province:2004-2012
HAO Lian-zheng, ZHU Xiao-yan, HU Jun.et al
2015, 31(12): 1555-1558. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-10
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Objective To analyze the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in Shandong province from 2004 through 2012.Methods Base-line and follow-up information on patients receiving antiretroviral therapy were collected in eight global fund areas of Shandong province.CD4+T cell count and virus load were used as the evaluation indexes for immunologic and virologic effectiveness,respectively.Results A total of 293 human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infected cases,mainly through plasma donnation(53.58%) or sexual transmission(40.96%),were observed.Among the cases,the fatality rate decreased from 7.04 per 100 person-year in 2004 to 0.30 per 100 person-year in 2012,while the CD4+T cell count increased significantly during treatment period(P<0.01)and virus load was greatly inhibited.Conclusion Antiretroviral therapy reduces fatality rate,improves immunologic status,and inhibits virus replication effectively in HIV infected patients.
Relationship between life-course alcohol drinking and hypertension among rural adult residents in Shandong province,China
LI Yu-ting, HE Ying-ying, LIU Guo-hong.et al
2015, 31(12): 1576-1579. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-16
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Objective To explore the association of life-course alcohol drinking with the prevalence of self-reported hypertension among rural adult residents and to provide evidences for hypertension prevention.Methods All together 7370 rural residents aged 15 years or older were recruited from 5 towns in Shandong province in July 2011 by stratified cluster sampling.We used a life-course alcohol consumption scale to collect information on alcohol drinking in the duration from the age of 15 years to the time of the survey through a face-to-face interview among the participants.Results The overall prevalence rate of hypertension in the participants was 14.91%,with a significant higher prevalence rate among the females than the males(15.71%vs.13.62%;χ2=5.987,P<0.05)and the prevalence rate increased with age among both the male and female participants(P<0.01).The overall alcohol drinking rate was 19.63%;the alcohol drinking rate of the males was significantly higher than that of the females(46.83%vs.2.79%;χ2=2139.17,P<0.001);and the drinking rate was significantly correlated with the increment of age in both the male and female participants(P<0.001).The alcohol drinkers reported a higher prevalence rate of hypertension than the non-drinkers(17.07%vs.14.38%;χ2=6.608,P=0.010).The prevalence rate of hypertension was positively correlated with the initial age of alcohol drinking and the average daily alcohol intake(both P<0.01).Compared to the non-drinkers and other drinkers,the participants drinking beer,drinking alcohol 1-4 times per month,and with alcohol drinking history of 5-14 years had a significantly lower hypertension prevalence rate(all P<0.01).Conclusion Alcohol drinkers have a higher prevalence of hypertension than non-drinkers and the initial age,duration,frequency,type of beverage,and average daily alcohol intake of alcohol drinks are all associated with the prevalence of hypertension among rural adults in Shandong province.
Attitude towards childbearing after implementation of new second-child policy among college students
WANG Zhao, HU Dong-mei, XIE Li-na.et al
2015, 31(12): 1580-1583. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-17
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Objective To examine the attitude towards childbearing among college students after the implementation of the new second-child polity(allowing couples to have a second child if one of the parents is the only child in his or her family).Methods A self-administrated questionnaire survey was carried out among 1957 college students selected with stratified random sampling from 8 universities in Liaoning province between April and June 2014.Results Of all respondents,925(47.2%) considered a family with two children being an ideal family model.There was a significant difference in the consideration on ideal family model between male and female students(χ2=12.313,P=0.006);the male students were more willing to choose double-income no kids(DINK)family model than the female students(14.64% vs.10.70%) and the female students preferred two children family(49.69% vs.42.37%).There were 71.3% of the students considering at the age between 25-29 years being an ideal time for getting married.The male students showed a significantly higher proportion of having an intension of getting married at the age of more than 30 years compared to the female students(18.3% vs.8.6%,χ2=52.244,P=0.000).About a half(49.36%)of the students considered that 2-5 years after marriage is an appropriate time for giving a birth to a child;more than a half(50.17%)of the students did not care about the gender of child and 54.67% of the students expressed the desire for rearing their child by their parents.Economic and living conditions and child-rearing cost were two top factors influencing childbearing willing among the students.Conclusion Two children family pattern becomes an ideal family model and the attitude of preferring boys to girls attenuates among college students after the implementation of the new second-child polity.
Status and influencing factors of dental anxiety among the elderly in Zhejiang province
ZHU Chen-xi, NI Rong, JU Bin.et al
2015, 31(12): 1583-1586. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-18
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Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of dental anxiety(DA)among the elderly in Zhejiang province.Methods Totally 1803 people aged 59-87 years were selected from 4 counties(districts)of Zhejiang province with stratified random cluster sampling and investigated by using the Coarh's Dental Anxiety Scale(DAS) from May to August 2014.The status and influencing factors of DA among the elderly were analyzed with single-factor and multi-factor analysis methods.Results For the elderly,the average DAS score was 8.38±3.27 and the prevalence rate of DA was 11.8%,with significant differences in the prevalence rate among the elderly with different education level,monthly income,personality,pain tolerance,experiences of dental care,comprehension about relatives or friends' dental care,and health condition(P<0.05).The results of logistic regression model showed that the risk factors of DA included high monthly income,knowing painful experiences of their relatives or friends' dental care,and poor health condition and the protective factor were good pain tolerance and good experiences of dental care.Conclusion The prevalence rate of DA is low among the elderly in Zhejiang province.Monthly income,pain tolerance,experiences of dental care,comprehension about relatives or friends' dental care,and health condition are impact factors of DA among the elderly.
Healthy life style among adult residents in Shijiazhuang city,2012
JIANG Cai-xiao, CHEN Li-zhang
2015, 31(12): 1597-1601. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-22
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Objective To study the status of healthy life style among adult residents in Shijiazhuang city in 2012.Methods Totally 14417 permanent residents of aged 15-69 years were selected with stratified random cluster sampling in the urban and rural of Shijiazhuang city and interviewed about their basic situation,health knowledge and health behaviors in October to December 2012.Results The awareness rate of the contents of healthy life style was more than 89.94%but the awareness rate of normal body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference were only 23.73% and 23.75%among the participants.Of the participants,64.74%,70.25%,and 56.88%reported the willingness to limit salt intake,oil consumption,and BMI voluntarily;compared to the urban participants,the rural participants had lower ratios of self-control for salt intake and BMI(both P=0.000),but a higher ratio of self-limitation for oil consumption(P=0.034).The male participants reported a lower ratio of self-control of body weight than the female participants (P=0.000).There were 90.56%of the participants eating vegetables frequently but only 29.85%maintaining oral hygiene correctly.The male participants and rural participants reported significantly higher current smoking and passive smoking rate compared to the female participants and urban participants(all P=0.000).Conclusion The health knowledge and health behaviors in adult residents of Shijiazhuang city were at a general level.
Antitumor effect of ergosterol and its mechanism in S180 tumor-bearing mice
GUO Wei, LUO Qiong, LIU Shuai.et al
2015, 31(12): 1606-1608. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-24
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Objective To investigate antitumor effect of ergosterol and its mechanism in S180 tumor-bearing mice.Methods S180 tumor-bearing model was established in 50 mice(half male and female)and the mice were randomly divided into five groups(10 in each group):model group,cytoxan (CTX) group,high-,medium-,and low-dose ergosterol groups.The tumor inhibition rate in the mice of different groups was calculated 21 days after continuous treatment.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe proliferation of the tumors.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver tissues were evaluated.Western blot was used to determine the expression of survivin protein in tumors.Results Compared with the model group,the inhibitory rates of CTX group,high-,medium-,and low-dose ergosterol group were 53.96%,41.64%,29.90%,and 19.52%,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Different extents of decreased capillaries and a variety of morphological apoptosis changes in tumor tissues were observed in the mice of ergosterol groups.Compared with the model group,the contents of SOD(69.19±12.18,66.30±8.80 U/mg prot) and GSH-Px(6982.69±1141.96,6414.43±932.96 U/mg prot)in the liver tissues of high-and medium-dose ergosterol groups were significantly increased(all P<0.05),while the content of MDA(24.59±6.87,31.43±7.05 nmol/mg prot)was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the expression level of survivin protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in tumors of the mice with high-and medium-dose ergosterol treatment.Conclusion Ergosterol has antitumor effect in S180 tumor-bearing mice and the mechanism of the effect may relate to the upregulation of antioxidant capacity in liver and downregulation of survivin protein expression in tumor.
Cold damage among soldiers in cold area of northeast China:a cross-sectional survey
LIU Yun-en, LIU Xin-wei, YIN Xu-hui.et al
2015, 31(12): 1666-1668. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-42
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Objective To examine cold damage among soldiers in extremely cold areas of northeast China for the improvement of cold damage prevention and health care in the soldiers.Methods A field study and questionnaire survey were conducted among 536 soldiers recruited by cluster sampling from three cold regions in northeast China in January 2013.Results The prevalence rate of cold injury was 40.7%(218/536) and there was a significant difference in the prevalence rate between the soldiers in very cold areas(50.6%) and cold areas(25.9%)(P<0.05).Significant differences in the prevalence of cold injury were observed among the soldiers with various duration of service,with the prevalence rates of 33.3%,38.9% and 48.9% for the soldiers with service duration of 1,2,and 3 years(χ2=8.749,P<0.05);there were also differences in the prevalence rate among the soldiers with different footbath behaviors,with the prevalence rates of 43.4%,39.1%,and 60.5% among the soldiers having footbath in cold,warm,and hot water(P<0.05).Of the soldiers,41.7% contributed the inducing factors of cold injury to insufficient protective measures,23.6% to ineffective protective equipments,30.9% to both the protective measures and equipments,with a significant difference(χ2=11.572,P<0.05).Conclusion Cold damage is prevalent among garrison soldiers in cold regions of northeast China and education on cold injury prevention should be promoted among the soldiers to decrease the impact of cold injury.
Correlation between internet use time and physical and psychological sub-health among adolescents
MIAO Zhi-ying, LU Na
2015, 31(12): 1669-1671. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-43
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Objective To explore the relationship between online time and sub-health among adolescents.Methods A total of 2137 students in their first or second year of study were recruited from two junior and two senior high schools and two universities in urban and rural areas of Ji'nan city and surveyed with Multidimensional Sub-Health Questionnaire of Adolescents(MSQA) and the revised Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire designed by Young.Results The prevalence of overall sub-health was 3.04%(65/2137).Logistic regression analyses showed that internet use time(odds ratio[OR]=20.950,95% confidence interval[95%CI]:5.499-79.818) was a risk for overall sub-health among the adolescents.The students with frequent internet use had significantly higher numbers(17.33±3.89) of sub-health symptoms compared to the students with general internet use(15.09±3.24) and less internet use(11.55±1.11)(both P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that internet use time was positively correlated with total score of sub-health(r=0.405,P<0.001).Conclusion Internet use time correlates with physical and psychological sub-health and problematic internet use is a risk factor for healthy development among adolescents.
Effects of propofol and isoflurane on serum inflammatory factors in osteoarticular tuberculosis patients
WANG Qing-jun, GONG Jian, YU Song.et al
2015, 31(12): 1672-1674. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2015-31-12-44
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Objective To investigate effects of propofol and isoflurane on serum inflammatory factors in patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis.Methods Totally 229 inpatients undergoing osteoarticular tuberculosis focal cleaning in two hospitals in Shenyang city between June 2012 through June 2015 were divided randomly into a propofol and an isoflurane group and given 3-6μg/mL propofol and 1%-2% isoflurane for anesthetization of the operation,respectively.The patients' serum levels of interleukin-1(IL-1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)were detected before the anesthesia,and at the beginning,12 and 24 hours after the operation.Results The serum levels of IL-1,TNF-α,and ICAM-1 were significantly higher in isoflurane group than those in propofol group at 12 and 24 hours after the operation(all P<0.05).The serum levels of IL-1,TNF-α,and ICAM-1 were significantly increased at the beginning,12 and 24 hours after the operation compared with those before the anesthesia in both groups(all P<0.01).Conclusion Compared to isoflurane,propofol is of greater inhibitive inflammation effect in patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis.