Advance Search

2016 Vol. 32, No. 2

Display Method:
Establishment and evaluation of silencer model in Beagle dogs
LI Lan-fang, KONG Li-juan, LIANG Jian-kun.et al
2016, 32(2): 199-202. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-19
Abstract(1100) HTML (198) PDF 878KB(154)
Abstract:
Objective To establish silencer model in Beagle dogs and to evaluate physiological function of Beagle dogs with right recurrent laryngeal nerve amputation.Methods Twelve healthy Beagle dogs were randomly divided into a model and a control group;right recurrent laryngeal nerve amputation was performed in the dogs of the model group.Barking volume was measured for all the Beagle dogs at 3- and 6-month of the experiment and electrocardiogram,respiration function,and physiological and biochemical indicators of blood of the Beagle dogs were determined simultaneously.Results The barking volumes were 41.83±4.87 and 48.62±2.19 dB(A)for the control group and 33.04±2.34 and 35.20±1.98 dB(A)for the model group at 3- and 6-month,with significantly lower volumes in the Beagle dogs of model group compared to those of the control group(both P<0.05).No significant differences in electrocardiogram,respiration function,22 blood physiological indicators,and 8 blood biochemical indicators were observed between the control and model groups at 3- and 6-month of the experiment(P>0.05 for all).Conclusion Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve amputation can significantly reduce barking volume and has no significant impacts on electrocardiogram,respiration function,and hematologic indicators in Beagle dogs.
Influence of fluoride on RBPJ and related genes in bone tissue of rats
CHEN Xiu-wen, WAN Chang-wu, XIE Chun.et al
2016, 32(2): 195-198. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-18
Abstract(969) HTML (212) PDF 1042KB(182)
Abstract:
Objective To observe changes in proteins of recombination signal-binding protein-J kappa(RBPJ),Jagged 1(Jag1),and hairy and enhancer of split 5(Hes5)in bone tissue of fluorosis rats and to explore the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and skeletal fluorosis.Methods Twenty-four adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(a control group,low- and high-fluoride groups;8 rats in each group).The rats of control group were supplied with tap water containing fluoride less than 1 mg/L and those of low- and high-fluoride group were supplied with water containing 50 and 100 mg/L sodium fluoride(NaF).All the rats were sacrificed at 6-month of the treatment.The fluoride contents in urine and bone of the rats were measured with fluoride ion selective electrode method.The bone tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and observed for bone histomorphometric analysis.The protein levels of RBPJ,Jag1,and Hes5 in osteoblasts were detected with immunohistochemistry.The expressions of RBPJ,Jag1,and Hes5 protein and mRNA were detected with Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.Results Compared with those of the control group,the flouride contents in urine and bone were significantly higher in low- (11.80±1.08 mg/L and 5 974.76±2 036.13 μg/g)and high-fluoride (18.08±1.13 mg/L and 7 996.51±2 669.93 μg/g)group(all P<0.05).Osteosclerosis was observed with optical microscope in the rats of low- and high-fluoride group.The protein expressions of RBPJ in the bones of the low- (4.985±0.913) and high-fluoride group(4.279±1.507) were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),meanwhile the protein expressions of Jag1 and Hes5 in the bones of the rats of high-fluoride group (0.112±0.024 and 0.128±0.039) were significantly lower than those of the of the control group(both P<0.05).The mRNA expressions of Jag1 and RBPJ (0.005 7±0.005 4 and 0.005 5±0.004 4)in the bones of the rats of high-fluoride group were significantly lower than that of the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion Excessive fluoride inhibits Notch signaling pathway and therefore reduces the expressions of the downstream target genes,and the changes could enhance osteogenesis and might correlate to the mechanism of skeletal fluorosis.
Revision,reliability and validity evaluation of Self-Rating Scale of Systemic Family Dynamics-students testing version
YANG Yi-fan, LIANG Ying, ZHANG Yu-hai.et al
2016, 32(2): 167-170. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-11
Abstract(1728) HTML (524) PDF 891KB(386)
Abstract:
Objective To revise Self-Rating Scale of Systemic Family Dynamics(SSFD)-students testing version and to evaluate reliability and validity of the SSFD revised.Methods The theoretical structure of original SSFD was revised based on personality traits of adolescents.Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,5 188 high school and college students in Shaanxi province were tested with revised SSFD to assess the reliability and validity of the scale with item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.Results Compared to the original version,the revised SSFD exhibits better item discrimination;the correlation coefficients of family atmosphere,individuation,system logic,and disease concept with the total score of the scale were 0.73,0.72,0.55,and 0.70 and the correlation coefficients of every item with its domain were all greater than 0.4(all P<0.01).The Cronbach's α coefficient and the split-half reliability of the whole scale were 0.81 and 0.67,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficients for the four domains ranged from 0.65 to 0.75,and those of split-half reliability ranged from 0.42 to 0.63.The results of exploratory factor analysis demonstrated the cumulative variance contribution rate of 4 common factors of the revised SSFD was 42.80%; criterion validity test results showed that scores of family atmosphere,individuation,system logic,disease concepts,and overall well-being were 32.55±15.71,37.02±17.32,57.14±17.50,51.69±15.82,and 77.25±24.89,respectively.The scores of the four domains and the overall well-being score were positively correlated(r=0.40,0.32,0.16,and 0.20;all P<0.01).There were significant differences in the scores of the four domains among the students of different genders,with various education level,average monthly household income,household type,and family size(all P<0.05),indicating that the revised SSFD has good discriminating validity.Conclusion The reliability and validity of the revised SSFD-students test version meet psychometric requirement and could be used as an efficient tool for systemic family dynamics research among students.
Timing of visiting a doctor after being ill and its influencing factors among urban community elders in Shandong province
SHI Xiu-xin, WANG Si-min, DU Yu-jie.et al
2016, 32(2): 155-158. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-08
Abstract(1255) HTML (186) PDF 882KB(350)
Abstract:
Objective To study the timing of visiting a doctor after being ill and its influencing factors among urban elderly residents.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used and 905 permanent residents aged 60 years or older and having the history of seeking medical service during previous one year were selected from 3 cities in Shandong province for a face-to-face questionnaire survey in October 2014.Results Most of the participants(84.3%) reported visiting a doctor immediately when having a self-perceived illness;9.1% reported seeking medical service only when having a severe pain or illness;and 7.5% did not seek any medical service even having a self-perceived illness for a long time.The participants' timing of visiting a doctor differed significantly by family size,annual familial medical expenditure,whether having health record established by a medical institution,and the time required from home to the nearest medical institution(all P<0.05). The results of order multivariate logistic regression showed that annual familial medical expenditure(odds ratio[OR]=0.401 and 0.531 for the expenditure of <5 000 and 2 000-5 000 compared to that of >5 000 RMB yuan),with health record established by a medical institution(OR=0.421),and the time to the nearest medical institution(OR=0.429 and 0.614 for <5 and 5-10 compared to >10 minutes) were factors influencing the timing of visiting a doctor among the participants(P<0.05 for all).Conclusion The timing of visiting a doctor after being ill is generally right and influenced mainly by annual familial medical expenditure,whether having a health record established by a medical institution,and the time required from home to the nearest medical institution among elderly urban residents in Shandong province.
Life satisfaction among microblog users:an analysis on linguistic and behavior features
WANG Jing-ying, ZHU Ting-shao, HAO Bi-bo.et al
2016, 32(2): 225-229. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-27
Abstract(1283) HTML (364) PDF 903KB(184)
Abstract:
Objective To analyze differences and characteristics in linguistic content and behaviors among the microblog users with different life satisfaction level.Methods The participants were recruited from active microblog users via Sina microblog.The information on demography,life satisfaction level,and online traces of the participants were collected with web crawler.We calculated the mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) of life satisfaction score and M±SD value was adopted as the threshold to assign the participants into a high(325) and low(303) satisfaction group.Then the disparities in the characteristics between the two groups were assessed.Results The overall average life satisfaction score was 13.6±9.8 for all the participants;the average score was 22.8±2.7 for the participants of high satisfaction group and 3.7±2.0 for those of low satisfaction group,with a significant difference(P<0.001).The results of non-parametric test showed that compared to those of low satisfaction group,the participants of high satisfaction group used following words more frequently(mean frequency;quartile range of the frequencies):particular personal pronoun(3.92 vs.3.55;2.67 vs.2.39),first-person singular pronoun(2.04 vs.1.91;1.29 vs.1.02),first-person plural pronoun(0.06 vs.0.00;0.00 vs.0.00),relative term(9.21 vs.8.71;7.55 vs.7.23),special word(3.91 vs.3.59;3.07 vs.2.84),words for money(0.42 vs.0.28;0.00 vs.0.00)(all P<0.05);but they used exclusive words less frequently(1.76 vs.1.98;1.13 vs.1.22)(P<0.05).For the behavior features,the participants of high life satisfaction group had a higher ratio of mutual follower versus following(mean value;quartile range of the values)(0.42 vs.0.35;0.23 vs.0.19),a greater number of mutual followers(103 vs.86; 55 vs.46),a greater number of followers(463 vs.415; 309 vs.221),and a high ratio of verification(0.00 vs.0.00; 0.20 vs.0.00) compared with those of participants of low life satisfaction group(all P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in some online linguistic and behavior features between the microblog users with high and low life satisfaction.
Demand for information on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases among grassroots doctors and rural residents in Henan province
REN Jing-chao, ZHANG Guang-hui, DUAN Guang-cai.et al
2016, 32(2): 179-183. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-14
Abstract(997) HTML (209) PDF 896KB(193)
Abstract:
Objective To study the demand and accessible source for information on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases(ERI) under different epidemic scenarios among grassroots doctors and rural residents.Methods A questionnaire survey on demand and accessible source for information on ERI was conducted among 720 rural residents aged 15 years and older and 150 doctors working in village clinics and township health centers selected with stratified random cluster sampling and convenient sampling from Luanchuang,Xixia,and Luyi county of Henan province between January and February 2015.Epi Data 3.0 and SAS 9.2 were used in data process and analyses.Results Among the 140 grassroots doctors and 652 rural residents with eligible response,only 31.06% and 5.87% reported the concern on epidemic of ERI.Prevention and control measures and prevalent characteristics were the top two aspects of information on ERI required by the grassroots doctors(44.03% and 41.04%) and rural residents(51.14% and 28.10%).There were 62.96% of grassroots doctors and 53.66% of rural residents considering newspaper,radio and television as the most accessible source for getting information on ERI.There were significant differences in the necessity to get information on ERI,the most required knowledge,and the most accessible source for the information between the grassroots doctors and rural residents(P<0.05 for all).The necessity to get ERI information and the most required knowledge among the grassroots doctors and rural residents varied along with the simulated epidemic scenarios of ERI and were influenced interactively by the simulated epidemic scenarios of ERI and whether being a medical personnel(P<0.001).Conclusion The demand for information on ERI is different under various epidemic scenarios and between grassroots doctors and rural residents,and the differences should be considered by government agencies when implementing education programs on ERI.
Association of long-term passive smoking with blood glucose and lipids among non-smokers:a case-control study
JIANG Kun, ZHAO Bo, CUI Rong.et al
2016, 32(2): 218-221. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-25
Abstract(1277) HTML (335) PDF 889KB(216)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of long-term passive smoking on blood glucose and blood lipids among non-smokers.Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among persons aged 40 years or older who sought outpatient service at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between May 2012 through May 2014.The cases were 220 non-smokers with long-term passive smoking(exposed to indoor tobacco smoke≥0.5 hour per day continuously for 5 years)and the controls were 226 age- and gender-group matched non-smokers without passive smoking(unexposed to indoor tobacco smoke or exposed to indoor tobacco smoke less than 15 minutes per time).All the participants were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire,health examination,and laboratory test.Results Compared to the controls,the cases reported significantly higher proportions of history of dyslipidemia(31.36% vs.23.01%),hypertension(49.09% vs.39.38%),diabetes(20.45% vs.8.85%),stroke(9.55% vs.3.54%),coronary heart disease(61.82% vs.21.68%),familial coronary heart disease(61.82% vs.41.15%)and medication history of antihypertensive(44.09% vs.31.42%),hypoglycemic drugs(17.27% vs.7.52%),anticoagulant(20.91% vs.8.85%),lipid-lowering drugs(19.09%vs.8.85%)(P<0.05 for all).After adjusting for age,gender,edu-cation,marital status,familial income per capita,alcohol drinking,sleeping,physical exercise,history of chronic diseases(hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,stroke,coronary heart disease),familial history of coronary heart disease,medication history(antihypertensive,hypoglycemic drugs,anticoagulant,lipid-lowering drugs),and body mass index and central obesity,the results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that among the non-smokers long-term passive smoking was correlated with the abnormalities of fasting blood glucose(FBG)(odds ratio[OR]=2.551,95% confidence interval[95%CI]:1.364-4.807),total cholesterol(OR=1.382,95%CI:0.915-2.104),triglyceride(OR=1.072,95%CI:0.685-1.673),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(OR=1.288,95%CI:0.847-1.946),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(OR=1.142,95%CI:1.034-1.586),respectively.Conclusion Abnormalities of FBG and HDL-C are associated with long-term passive smoking among non-smokers.
Awareness of and attitudes towards indoor smoking ban in public places among urban adults in Hangzhou city,China
HE Xiao-yan, LI Jin-tao, CAO Cheng-jian.et al
2016, 32(2): 171-174. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-12
Abstract(1026) HTML (216) PDF 890KB(308)
Abstract:
Objective To examine the awareness rate and attitude for indoor smoking ban in public places among urban adults in Hangzhou city.Methods With stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and probability proportionate to size sampling,2 029 residents aged 15 years and above were selected from 5 urban districts of Hangzhou city and surveyed face-to-face with the questionnaire used in Adult Tobacco Survey in China.The results of complex sample analyses were weighted by the data from China's Sixth National Population Census.Results Overall more than 85% of the residents supported the implementation of smoking-free policy in public places such as schools(98.3%),hospitals(98.2%),taxies(95.9%),universities(95.6%),workplaces(92.4%),and restaurants(85.3%);but less than a half of the residents supported the ban on smoking in bars or night clubs(47.4%).The awareness rates for indoor smoking ban in different public places were generally low(41.1% for in schools,40.9% for in hospitals,28.6% for in universities,21.5% for in workplaces,16.1% for in restaurants,and only 7.3% for in bars or night clubs)and the smokers had a higher awareness rate for indoor smoking ban in public places compared to non-smokers among the residents.Conclusion Although most of urban adult residents in Hangzhou city supported indoor smoking ban in public places but the residents had a low awareness rate for the implementation of smoking-free policy in public places.The results suggest that more specific education programs on tobacco control should be promoted by governmental agencies to ensure the implementation of smoking-free regulations in public places.
Knowledge,attitude and practice about sex among middle school students of Yi minority
LIANG Peng-yan, DONG Cai-ting, DU Meng-ran.et al
2016, 32(2): 222-224. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-26
Abstract(1874) HTML (606) PDF 881KB(236)
Abstract:
Objective To examine knowledge,attitude and practice about sex among middle school students of Yi minority.Methods All students from two middle schools in a county with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection epidemic in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected,and a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted.Results Among the 1 699 Yi minority students recruited,53.4%(907)knew the three routes of HIV transmission;70.6%(1 200)and 56.1%(953)knew condom and contraceptive being effective contraception measures;25.8%(439)knew that contraception measures could not prevent being pregnant absolutely;59.1%(1 004)were not against premarital intercourse;36.5%(620)reported the experience of masturbated;28.7%(487)reported the experience of having a love affair;and 10.9%(185)reported having sexual behavior,with a higher reporting rate among the boys than among the girls(P<0.01).Over a half of students reported getting knowledge about sex in the school.Conclusion The middle school students of Yi minority are lack of knowledge about sex but they have relative open attitude towards sex and are active on sexual behavior.The results suggest the education on sex knowledge should be promoted among the students.
Quality of life and changes in cytokine factors among initial smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients
YANG Zhao-hui, LIU Dong-hong, WENG Ming-gang.et al
2016, 32(2): 230-234. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-28
Abstract(901) HTML (234) PDF 895KB(173)
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate changes in cytokine factors and quality of life(QOL)in patients with initial smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and to explore its main influencing factors,and to provide references for comprehensive prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Methods Via cluster sampling,196 initial smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited from Taizhou First People's Hospital and Wenling Tubertulosis Prevention Institution from June 2012 through May 2014.The levels of interferon gamma(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-10(IL-10)and interleukin-18(IL-18)were determined at the day before and 2 months after the medication.The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate QOL among the patients.The influencing factors for QOL were evaluated by using univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis.Results The levels of INF-γ and IL-2 two-month after the medication were 97.3±40.5 and 54.1±19.3 ng/L,higher than 43.2±17.3 and 36.3±13.9 ng/L before the medication(both P<0.05).The levels of IL-10 and IL-18 two-month after the medication were 82.3±29.4 and 130.9±50.3 ng/L,lower than 116.2±44.7 and 243.0±86.8 ng/L before the medication(both P<0.05).Two months after the medication,the levels of INF-γ and IL-2 in the patients with sputum smear-negative conversion were 109.8±35.4 and 58.1±18.7 ng/L,higher than 50.4±16.3 and 39.0±13.3 ng/L in the patients without the conversion(both P<0.05)and the levels of IL-10 and IL-18 in patients without sputum smear-negative conversion were 77.3±24.2 and 107.6±33.6 ng/L,lower than 102.4±32.9 and 221.3±69.2 ng/L in the patients with the conversion(both P<0.05).The QOL domain scores were 70.14±23.07 for physiological function,45.32±21.69 for role-physical,67.42±18.26 for bodily pain,61.28±26.34 for general health,49.32±16.85 for vitality,57.64±12.46 for social function,64.71±11.31 for role-emotional,and 52.83±20.47 for mental health and the overall QOL was 512.25±132.57;all the scores were lower than those of the norms of general population,with significant differences(all P<0.001).Logistic regression analyses showed that the patients aged more than 50 years,with debt,suffering from chronic disease,and being a farmer were more likely to have lower QOL score(all P<0.05);while the patients with education of junior middle school or above,with annual income of≥20 000 RMB yuan,with medical insurance,sputum smear-negative conversion two months after the medication,and with alleviated pulmonary lesions three months after treatment were more likely to have higher QOL score(all P<0.05).Conclusion Levels of cytokine factors increase after anti-tuberculosis medication among initial smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients;the QOL of the patients was at a low level and mainly influenced by age,education level,occupation,average annual income per capita,whether with debt,chronic disease,medical insurance,and status of sputum smear conversion and alleviation of pulmonary lesion after treatment.
Relationship between breastfeeding and dental caries in school children in China:a meta analysis
WANG Yan, CUI Ling-ling, ZHAO Lin-yuan.et al
2016, 32(2): 243-247. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-31
Abstract(1400) HTML (251) PDF 1010KB(224)
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the influence of breastfeeding on dental caries in Chinese school children and to provide evidences for the prevention of dental caries.Methods Articles on feeding methods,dental caries and their relationship published between 1996 through 2015 were systematically retrieved via Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM),Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database,and Wang fang Data;Stata11.0 software was adopted in meta analysis.Results Totally 20 qualified researches(17 cross-sectional and 3 case-control studies) were retrieved,with a sample size of 18 707.Compared with artificial feeding,breastfeeding reduced the prevalence of dental caries(odds ratio[OR]=0.581,95% confidence interval[95% CI]:0.433-0.779;P<0.001).The results of subgroup analysis showed no significantly reduced heterogeneity and revealed the anti-dental caries effect of breastfeeding in school children only for the cross-sectional studies among Han children in northern China and published before 2005 in non-core journals;in addition,the studies did not adopt the criterion for diagnosis of dental caries recommended by World Health Organization.The results of sensitivity analysis demonstrated that all studies retrieved were good in stability and no publication bias was identified.Conclusion The protective effect of breastfeeding on dental caries is obvious,suggesting breastfeeding should be advocated.
Glaucoma prevalence and its impact on physical and mental health among elderly residents in Hebei province
FENG Yu-ru, CHEN Chang-xiang
2016, 32(2): 141-144. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-04
Abstract(1218) HTML (276) PDF 888KB(235)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence of glaucoma and its influences on health status among urban and rural elderly residents.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit 6 173 old residents aged 60 years and above from urban and rural areas in three municipalities of Hebei province for a face-to-face interview.The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short From Health Survey(SF-36),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Family Function Assessment Scale(FAD),and Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL) were used in the survey.Results The glaucoma prevalence in the elderly was 4.5%.The elderly with glaucoma had a significantly lower SF-36 score than the elderly without the disease(500.7±151.0 vs.544.1±157.2)(P<0.05);the elderly with glaucoma also had significantly lower scores for social function(64.4±22.3),emotional function(62.2±42.0),physiological function(47.2±43.5),body pain(64.2±23.3),life activity(61.7±18.5),and overall health(53.2±16.7) compared to those without the disease(all P<0.05),whereas no significant differences in scores for physiological function and mental health were observed between the elderly with and without glaucoma.Gender,education level,marital status,daily life ability,sleep disorder,social support,family function,self health management,pension mode,whether having long-term medication and or other chronic diseases were related to the health status of elderly glaucoma patients.Multivariate analyses showed that daily life ability,total symptom index,social support,family function,and whether having long-term medication were influence factors for physical and mental health among the elderly with glaucoma.Conclusion The health status of the elderly with glaucoma is very poor and specific attentions should be paid to control relevant influence factors to improve health status of the elderly.
Maternal exposure to particulate matter and preterm delivery
TAO Rui-wen, XIA Xun, HUANG Kun.et al
2016, 32(2): 239-243. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-30
Abstract(1247) HTML (343) PDF 905KB(211)
Abstract:
More and more research evidences indicate that the exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy can impact the development of the fetus,resulting in preterm birth,low birth weight,growth restriction,and potentially adverse cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes.However,the results were inconsistent and the biological mechanism was not clear.This review summarizes on harmful effects of several main particulate matter exposures on preterm birth and the sources of the exposures and provides references for controlling air pollution,reducing the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery,and exploring possible biological mechanism of the effects.
Epidemiologic characteristics of elderly HIV/AIDS patients in Zhaotong municipality of Yunnan province,2005-2014
LIU Ren-quan, WANG Yu-xin, WANG Jin-xing.et al
2016, 32(2): 137-140. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-03
Abstract(958) HTML (296) PDF 907KB(304)
Abstract:
Objective To describe epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)patients aged≥50 years in Zhaotong municipality and to provide evidences for making measures on prevention and control of AIDS in the elderly.Methods The records of HIV/AIDS cases aged≥50 years at the registration reported in Zhaotong municipality of Yunnan province between 2005 through 2014 were extracted from AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and demographics and transmission route among the cases were analyzed.Results The total number of elderly HIV/AIDS cases reported was 540 during the period.The average age of the cases at the registration was 62.1±8.9 years;of the cases,67.8% were male and 32.2% were female;42.2% were illiteracy and 40.4% were with the education of primary school;76.6% were farmers;65.0% were married;and 93.3% were infected with HIV via heterosexual transmission.Most of the elderly cases of HIV/AIDS were distributed in the counties or districts with severe epidemic of AIDS and better economic development.The annual proportion of elderly cases among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases increased significantly from 1.7% in 2005 to 36.0% in 2014 (χ2=197.9,P<0.01)and the annual proportion of elderly cases among the newly infected HIV cases via heterosexual transmission also increased significantly from 10.0% in 2005 to 37.0% in 2014(χ2=119.5,P<0.01).Conclusion The epidemics of HIV/AIDS in the elderly were serious in Zhaotong municipality in recent years.Comprehensive intervention on HIV control among the elderly should be concerned in the routine work and promoted based on the characteristics of the elderly population.
Utilization of inpatient health care and its influence factors among the elderly over 60 years old in Henan province
WANG Niao, FAN Jun-xing, SHI Song-he.et al
2016, 32(2): 133-136. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-02
Abstract(1389) HTML (266) PDF 887KB(370)
Abstract:
Objective To examine inpatient health care utilization and its influencing factors among the people over 60 years old in Henan province and provide references for the development of health service.Methods Totally 6 866 residents over 60 years old in 18 administrative regions were selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and surveyed face-to-face with a questionnaire in 2013.Results Among all the elderly surveyed,the hospitalization rate in 2012 was 17.38%(1 193/6 866)and there were no significant differences between the urban and rural areas(18.06%[464/2 569]vs.16.97%[553/3 228])and between the males and the females(17.13%[553/3 228])vs.17.59%[640/3 638]) in the hospitalization rate(all P>0.05).Of the elderly requiring inpatient health care during the year,23.08%(358/1 551)were not hospitalized and the proportion was not significantly different between the urban and rural areas(25.64%[160/624]vs.21.36%[198/927])(P>0.05).Of the elderly patients hospitalized during the year,25.31%were admitted to township-level hospitals,48.70% to county-level,22.46% to municipal-level,and 2.68% to provincial-level hospitals,respectively.The first four diseases related to the hospitalizations of the elderly patients were cerebrovascular disease(19.28%),hypertension(11.06%),ischemic heart disease(6.45%),and other types of heart disease(6.12%).Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the factors influencing the hospitalization among the elderly were residential area,age,gender,occupation,and whether suffering from chronic disease.Conclusion Chronic disease status and occupation are important influencing factors of inpatient health care utilization among the elderly over 60 years old in Henan province and chronic disease control and occupation health promotion among the population should be concerned.
Phenotype and genotypic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from diarrhea patients in Liaoning province
LEI Lu, MAO Ling-ling, LIU Xue-sheng.et al
2016, 32(2): 211-215. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-23
Abstract(894) HTML (234) PDF 1318KB(203)
Abstract:
Objective To examine the phenotype and gene characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VPS)strains isolated from diarrhea patients in Liaoning province from 2012 to 2013.Methods A total of 101 VPS strains isolated from diarrhea patients in 2012-2013 were sreotyped.All the strains were tested for drug sensitivity with microdilution broth method.PCR was applied to detect three virulence genes tlh,tdh,and trh.Molecular typing on VPS isolates was completed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and the patterns were clustered by BioNumerics software.Results The 101 isolates were belonged to 25 serotypes,with a dominant serotype of O3:K6(37.62%,38/101).The strains isolated from the diarrhea patients were resistant to sulfamethoxazole,streptomycin,and ampicillin,while with high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin,doxycycline,cefepime,trimethoprim,imipenem,and ceftriaxone.Virulence gene detection showed that all the strains were positive to tlh and the most of the strains were positivie to tdh(84.16%,85/101),but all the strains were negative to trh.The positive rate of tdh among O3:K6 strains(100%)was higher than that among non-O3:K6 strains(76.19%,77/101)(P=0.000 81).The 101 isolates were discriminated into 63 different PFGE patterns,while 38 O3:K6 strains into 19 patterns without cluster characteristics.Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Liaoning province from 2012 to 2013 were dominated by O3:K6 serotype,with stronger virulence and high positive rate of tlh and tdh gene.Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains showed high sensitivity to most antibiotics.The prevalent Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in Liaoning province present various clonal origins.
Hospitalization cost and its determinants among elderly inpatients in Shandong province:a path analysis
CHEN Zhao-jun, XU Ling-zhong, CHEN Li-jin.et al
2016, 32(2): 152-155. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-07
Abstract(988) HTML (212) PDF 945KB(236)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate hospitalization cost and its related factors among elderly inpatients covered by medical insurance in Shandong province and to provide a basis to reduce the economic burden of the elderly inpatients.Methods Information on 1 184 elderly inpatients aged 60 years or above and covered by medical insurance were extracted from the dataset of Shandong province of Fifth National Health Service Survey conducted in 2013.SPSS 17.0 was used in statistical description,cluster analysis,chi-square test,and correlation analysis.Amos 21.0 was used to carry out path analysis.Results The average cost of per hospitalization for the elderly inpatients surveyed was 10 993.78 yuan(RMB),with a median of 5 000 yuan and an average stay of 13.77 days.Cluster analysis results showed that the proportions of the elderly inpatients with higher,medium,and lower hospitalization cost were 20.8%,50.9%,28.3%,respectively.The results of path analysis showed that hospitalization days,the degree of the hospital,whether having an operation during the hospitalization were the main influencing factors of hospitalization expenses,with the path coefficients of 0.435,0.374,and-0.271;the degree of the hospital,residential area and marital status of the inpatients were indirect influencing factors of hospitalization cost with the indirect path coefficients of 0.035,0.035,and 0.028,respectively.Conclusion Many factors influence hospitalization cost and comprehensive measures should be taken to control the increase of hospitalization cost among elderly inpatients in Shandong province.
Awareness of food allergen labeling among the public in China
YAN Rui, LI Kun, CHENG Jing-min.et al
2016, 32(2): 159-162. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-09
Abstract(1120) HTML (422) PDF 893KB(325)
Abstract:
Objective To study the awareness of food allergen labeling among different populations in China for proposing suggestions.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among consumers,management and supervision staff,and employees of food industry selected with quota sampling form 318 counties(districts)of 23 provinces(municipalities) in China.SPSS19.0 statistical package was used in data analyses.Results The overall knowledge rate about food allergen in the 21 687 participants was 68.31% and the rate was 77.90% in the employees of food industry,74.55% in management and supervision staff,and only 58.75% in the consumers,with significant difference among the three groups(P<0.05).The support rate for food allergen labeling was 63.86% in all the participants,with a significantly lower rate(61.97%) in the management and supervision staff compared to those(65.76% and 64.08%)in the employees of food industry and consumers(χ2=18.370 and 7.504,both P<0.05).Among all the participants,27.53%(32.39% among the management and supervision staff),25.93%(29.53% among the employees of food industry),and 24.63%(29.02% among the consumers) considered that the possible reason for the absence of food allergen labeling could be due to without relevant law or regulation,with only minor impact upon consumers,and the high cost,respectively.Conclusion The knowledge of food allergen among consumers is the lowest and the support rate of food allergen labeling is the lowest among management and supervision staff.There are information asymmetry about food allergen labeling among consumers,management and supervision staff,and employees of food industry.
Evaluation on efficiency of centers for disease control and prevention at county-level in China with data envelopment analysis
LIU Peng-cheng, LI Cheng-yue, SUN Mei.et al
2016, 32(2): 162-166. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-10
Abstract(1074) HTML (233) PDF 899KB(350)
Abstract:
Objective To assess the efficiency of centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)at county-level in China and for making strategies to improve the performance of the CDCs.Methods A total of 416 county-level CDCs were selected with systematic sampling.Data envelopment analysis(DEA)framework was used to estimate overall,technical and scale efficiency of the CDCs in 2012 and projection analysis was conducted to identify the difference between projection value and actual value for inputs and outputs.Results The average overall efficiency score of the CDCs was 0.505 and the average technical efficiency score was 0.687.A progressive decrease in return to scale was observed for 87.98%of the CDCs.Projection analysis indicated that 7 categories of outputs were under-produced.To achieve DEA efficiency,public emergency management(188.5%),health education(165.7%),and laboratory tests(163.6%)are the first 3 aspects to be promoted for its output.Conclusion Most county-level CDCs in China are currently operated inefficiently and the utilization of the resources is not sufficient in the CDCs.The proportion of governmental funding to manpower and general expenditure should be increased to promote the output efficiency of resources.
Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for determination of benzo(a)pyrene in water
CHEN Chao-chao, SHAO Hui-feng, WANG Lü.et al
2016, 32(2): 254-256. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-33
Abstract(913) HTML (198) PDF 920KB(164)
Abstract:
Objective To develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene(BaP).Methods The optimum concentration of antigen and monoclonal antibody were determined with chessboard titration.The optimum conditions,including pH,saltion and methanol concentration,were separately measured with indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA).Results The optimum coating concentration of antigen was 10 μg/mL,while the optimum dilution ratio of antibody was 5 000.The established icELISA for the detection of BaP exhibited a linear range of 5 to 50 ng/mL,a sensitivity of 3.30 ng/mL,and a half inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 13.74 ng/mL in the conditions of pH 7.4,0.01 mol/L of saltion concentration and 10%of methanol.The average recovery was 105%in water samples.Conclusion These results indicate that the icELISA kit developed could be applied in rapid screening detection of BaP in water samples.
Research progress in environmental contamination of Staphylococci in public places
YAO Zhen-jiang
2016, 32(2): 129-132. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-01
Abstract(1174) HTML (319) PDF 888KB(421)
Abstract:
The transmission and infection of Staphylococci are significant public health issues.Recently,the role of environment in Staphylococci transmission among people has been confirmed,and the crowding of public places has facilitated the spread of Staphylococci among population.Thus,the study summarized the contamination level,characteristics of SCCmec types,antibiotics resistance patterns and homology analysis of Staphylococci in public areas at home and abroad.Many studies confirmed that buses,trains,subways,recreational beaches,automatic teller machines,campuses and parks are reservoirs of Staphylococci.The resistance to antibiotics is alarming,especially for penicillin.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)isolates are from both communities and hospitals.Cluster analyses of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)suggested the risks of environment-human cross transmission.Daily surveillance and disinfection of Staphylococci,especially MRSA,are necessary in the future for the prevention and control of the spread of Staphylococci.
Subjective quality of life and its influential factors among rural elders losing land due to urbanization
YANG He-zhi, ZHANG Yang-jun
2016, 32(2): 145-147. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-05
Abstract(924) HTML (224) PDF 877KB(221)
Abstract:
Objective To examine subjective quality of life(QOL)and its influential factors among elder farmers losing their land due to the process of urbanization and to provide a scientific basis for improving QOL among the landless elders.Methods With stratified sampling and quota sampling,1 300 elder farmers losing their land due to urbanization were selected from Ji'an municipality of Jiangxi province and surveyed on subjective QOL and its influencing factors with a self-designed questionnaire.Results Among the landless elders,the average score for overall subjective QOL was 4.610±1.172,with the domain scores of 4.196±0.621 for life adaptation,3.559±1.185 for leisure and entertainment,4.057±1.15 for living environment,3.930±0.787 for life insurance,4.180±0.847 for housing,4.010±1.145 for physical and mental health,5.300±1.094 for living facilities,4.673±0.611 for life idea,and 4.610±1.172 for neighborhood relation,respectively.Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the duration since losing the land,whether having government commitment for housing,monthly income,whether living together with their children,life adaptation,living environment,social security,housing condition,physical and mental health,and life idea were influential factors of subjective QOL(all P<0.05).Conclusion Subjective QOL is at a low level and influenced by complex factors among rural elders losing land due to urbanization and special concern should be paid to the situation to improve QOL of the landless elders.
Frailty level among the elderlies in urban and rural area of Bao-ding city
ZUO Qun, SHI Yue, LIU Fang.et al
2016, 32(2): 148-151. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-06
Abstract(1022) HTML (245) PDF 885KB(137)
Abstract:
Objective To explore the prevalence and difference of frailty among urban and rural elderlies of various age in Baoding municipality.Methods A total of 1 049 residents aged 65 years or above were selected from urban and rural areas of Baoding city for a questionnaire survey.Results The average physical frailty index(PFI) for the elderly aged 65-69,70-74,75-79,and≥80 years were 0.345,0.379,0.448,and 0.552 in the urban area and 0.448,0.483,0.517,and 0.552 in the rural area,respectively; the indexes demonstrated an increasing trend with the increment of age in the elderly.For the elderly aged 65-69,70-74,75-79,and≥80 years in the urban and rural area,the average mental frailty indexes(MFI) were 0.200,0.400,0.400,and 0.500 and 0.200,0.300,0.300,and 0.300,and the overall frailty indexes were 0.282,0.384,0.462,and 0.538 and 0.385,0.436,0.462,and 0.462,respectively; the overall frailty indexes also showed an increasing trend with the increment of age.For the urban elderly aged 65-69 and 75-79 years,the PFI was lower in the males than in the females but the MFI was higher in the males than in the females; for the rural elderly aged 65-69 and≥80 years,the PFI was lower in the males than in the females and the MFI was lower in the males aged 65-69 years than in the females of the same ages.Compared to the rural elderly of the same gender and age groups,both the urban males and females aged 65-69 and 70-74 years had a lower PFI; the urban males aged 75-79 and≥80 years had a higher MFI than the rural elderly of same age and the urban females aged≥80 years had a higher MFI than the rural females of the same age.Conclusion There are age differences in physical and mental frailty among urban and rural elderly in Baoding city.
Effects of medical information in media on self-diagnosis and self-mediation behaviors among adult residents in Liaoning province
PAN Wen, NA Jun, LI Yan-xia.et al
2016, 32(2): 175-178. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-13
Abstract(1176) HTML (295) PDF 875KB(278)
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the effects of health and medicine information from media on self-diagnosis and self-medication behaviors in adult residents of Liaoning province.Methods By using cross-sectional design,2 981 adults in Liaoning province were selected with multistage cluster random sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire face-to-face.Results Of all the respondents,43.8%paid attention to and 11.7%trusted the health information from the media(newspaper,journal,television,and broadcasting);11.6%reported the involvement in the sales promotion for medical products sponsored by enterprises.There were 36.8%and 43.2%of the respondents reporting the experiences of self-diagnosis and self-medication based on the medical information from the media.The results of univariate analysis demonstrated that the respondents living in urban area,aged 40-59 years,having higher income,and with the education of senior high school reported significantly higher rates of self-diagnosis and self-medication compared to other respondents;the respondents concerning and trusting the medication information form the media and taking part in sales promotion of medical products tended to conduct more self-diagnosis and self-medication than those not interesting with the information and the promotion.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the urban respondents were more likely to have self-diagnosis,self-medication,and the self-diagnosis and medication than the rural respondents,with the odds ratio of 2.87,1.50,and 2.42,respectively;the behaviors of self-diagnosis and self-medication were inversely correlated with health status and positively with the concern and trust with medication information from the media and the involvement in the sales promotion of medical products among the respondents.Conclusion The medication information from media have significant influence on self-diagnosis and self-medication of the residents in Liaoning province and governmental management on the release of the information needs to be improved to decrease inappropriate medication among the residents.
Familial aggregation of hepatitis B virus infection and its influence factors in minority areas of Guizhou province
MIN Ding-yu, HUANG Wen-yong, YANG Jing-yuan.et al
2016, 32(2): 183-187. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-15
Abstract(1032) HTML (223) PDF 899KB(169)
Abstract:
Objective To examine the familial aggregation of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and its influence factors in minority areas of Guizhou province and to provide evidences for the prevention and control of HBV infection.Methods By using multistage cluster random sampling,1 629 permanent residents were recruited from eight villages of two counties in minority areas of Guizhou province and surveyed with a questionnaire and HBV serological indexe detection.Results Among the residents,the overall HBV infection rate was 50.6%;the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) was 8.3%;and the familial aggregation rate of HBV infection was 19.58%.The results of binomial distribution fitting revealed a trend of familial aggregation in HBV infection among the residents with the families having more than 2 members(χ2=14.409,P<0.05).Among the residents from the families with HBV infection aggregation,no significant difference in the HBV infection rate was observed between the family members grouped by various family relations(53.3% for couple,50.0% for father-child,48.4% for mother-child,44.4% for sibling,and 53.4% for grandparent-grandchild relationship,respectively(χ2=2.598,P=0.627).The results of multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that with a HBsAg positive family member,big family size,and history of migrant working were risk factors of HBV infection familial aggregation in minority areas,whereas,HBV vaccination history and with higher total family income in previous year were protective factors.Conclusion Familial aggregation of HBV infection exists in minority areas of Guizhou province and the aggregation is influenced by HBsAg positivity of family member,status of HBV vaccination,total family income in previous one year,family size,ant the history of migrant working.
Childhood neglect among middle school students in Yixing city
YANG Ya-ming, YANG Shi-chang, HE Xian-song.et al
2016, 32(2): 188-190. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-16
Abstract(949) HTML (221) PDF 882KB(145)
Abstract:
Objective To examine the history of childhood neglect among middle school students in Yixing city of Jiangsu province and to provide evidence for the establishment of appropriate and effective interventions in the students.Methods With stratified cluster sampling,3 846 students were randomly selected from 6 junior and 2 senior high schools and 2 vocational schools in Yixing city and surveyed with child neglect scale.Results The female students reported significantly lower scores than the male students in the neglect domains of security (14.73±4.18 vs.15.24±4.26),communication(11.98±3.70 vs.12.56±3.96),physical fitness(10.64±2.97 vs.10.91±3.16),and emotion(24.49±6.80 vs.25.55±7.42)(all P<0.01).Compared to the students of Jiangsu province,the students from other province had significantly higher scores in neglect domains of communication (12.72±3.83 vs.12.20±3.83),physical fitness (11.46±3.11 vs.10.69±6.83),and emotion (26.17±6.83 vs.24.86±7.14)(all P<0.01).The score of physical neglect in rural students was higher than that in urban students(10.84±3.11 vs.10.74±3.05,P<0.05); the junior middle school students in towns had significantly higher scores for overall neglect and neglect domains of security,communication,physical fitness,and emotion than the junior middle school students in urban and rural areas(all P<0.05); and the vocational school students showed higher scores than junior and senior high school students in security and physical neglect(15.64±4.27 vs.14.89±4.15,11.45±3.15 vs.10.41±2.94; both P<0.01).Conclusion There is a certain degree of childhood neglect among middle school students in Yixing city.The female students had lower neglect scores than male students and the students from other provinces,vocational school,and rural areas have higher neglect score than the students in Jiangsu province and from junior and senior high schools and urban areas.
Influence of vinyl chloride monomer on G1/S checkpoint and related protein expression in hepatocytes
HU Jun-yang, LI Yang, WANG Hui.et al
2016, 32(2): 191-194. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-17
Abstract(903) HTML (179) PDF 1106KB(183)
Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact of vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) on G1/S checkpoints in hepatocytes and its mechanisms.Methods Human normal liver cells(HL-7702) were exposed to gaseous VCM at concentrations of 0.8%,2.5%,7.5%,15%,and 30%(volume fraction) and normal air(control group) for 48 hours.The fraction of cell cycle of HL-7702 was detected with flow cytometry; the expression levels of relevant proteins were detected with Western blot.Results After exposed to VCM lower than 7.5% for 48 hours,the ratio of the cells at G0/G1 phase increased with the increment of VCM concentration,and the proportion of 7.5% VCM exposed cells at G0/G1 phase was significantly higher than that of the control cells(78.52±4.46% vs.73.35±1.56%,P<0.01); whereas the proportion S phase for the cells exposed to 2.5% VCM decreased significantly compared to that of the control cells(10.97±0.17% vs.12.85±0.02%,P<0.05).The expressions of cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4) and P16 protein increased significantly in the cells exposed to 7.5% VCM compared with the control cells(all P<0.05).Conclusion Low-dose VCM exposure could induce G1 phase arrest in human hepatocytes and the effect may be mainly related to the decreased P16 expression and increased CDK4 expression.
Effects of shiitake mushroom fiber complex on intestinal function in mice
LIU Shuai, ZHANG Xiao-hong, GAO Hong.et al
2016, 32(2): 203-205. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-20
Abstract(1110) HTML (253) PDF 883KB(156)
Abstract:
Objective To study the effects of shiitake mushroom(Lentinula edodes) fiber complex on intestinal function in mice.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(normal control,model,Qingchang capsule[150 mg/kg d],and shiitake mushroom fiber[100 mg/kg]group).The mice in Qingchang capsule and shiitake mushroom fiber group were treated with Qingchang capsule and shiitake mushroom fiber complex by gavage and those in the normal control and model group were given distilled water consecutively for 15 days.The changes in the weight,intestinal flora,intestinal movement,and bowel movement of the mice after the treatments were observed.Results Compared with the control group,significant increases in the numbers of intestinal bifidobacteria(9.82±0.76 and 9.10±0.37 log cfu/g) and lactobacillus(9.67±0.71 and 9.02±0.19 log cfu/g)were observed in Qingchang capsule and shiitake mushroom fiber group after the treatment(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the peristaltic rate of small intestine of the mice in shiitake mushroom fiber group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the time of first time defecation(141.70±14.86 minutes)extended and the feces weight within 5 hours(0.22±0.06 g)decreased for the model group(all P<0.01).Compared with model group,the time of first time defecation(101.40±7.56 and 92.50±10.96 minutes)was shortened significantly and the weight of defecation within 5 hours(0.50±0.12 and 0.46±0.12 g)was significantly increased for Qingchang capsule and shiitake mushroom fiber group(all P<0.01).Conclusion Shiitake mushroom fiber complex can effectively increase the numbers of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in intestine,promote intestinal peristalsis,and improve constipation in mice.
Co-divergence of hantavirus with its hosts' mitochondrial D-loop and Cyt-b sequences
YANG Zhang-nü, YAO Ping-ping, ZHU Han-ping.et al
2016, 32(2): 205-207. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-21
Abstract(1036) HTML (266) PDF 915KB(140)
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the co-divergence of hantaviruses(HV) with mitochondrial D-loop and cytochrome b(Cyt-b) gene of its rodent hosts in Zhejiang province.Methods The sequences of mitochondrial D-loop and Cyt-b were adopted in the analysis.Total DNA was extracted from HV positive and negative lung tissue samples from Apodemus agrarius.The sequences of the D-loop and Cyt-b were amplified with PCR.The sequence similarity was assessed with Clustal X and the phylogenetic tree was estimated with MEGA using the maximum likelihood method.Results According to the phylogenetic tree,the study indicated that the HV positive and negative Apodemus agrarius were in same cluster.Conclusion There is no obvious relationship between the sequences of mitochondria of the hosts and the infection of hantavirus.
Cross-sectional assessment on friendly service in Shanghai medical institutes
ZHU Li-ping, HUA Jing, DONG Hai-yan.et al
2016, 32(2): 208-210. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-22
Abstract(1142) HTML (252) PDF 881KB(130)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the impact of youth friendly service on service recipients in medical institutions in Shanghai city and to provide clues for the improvement of medical service system.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 737 female service recipients and 12 service providers in 12 medical institutions with the implementation of friendly service.The impacts of friendly service on service recipients were analyzed using mixed and multivariate logistic regression model.Results The satisfactory rate to the service in-demand(young adolescents aged less than 24 years)were 93.71%.The scores for the 3 domains of friendly service(service content,attitude,and pattern and quality)were 2.69±0.193,2.77±0.181,and 2.67±0.186.After controlling for intra-class correlation and residence,the influencing factors for the service recipients' evaluation on the 3 domains of the friendly service included managerial support (β=0.012,0.010,0.010),quality of service process(β=0.020,0.016,0.016),and policy and regulation of the medical institution(β=0.008,0.009,0.008),but the factors did not influence the satisfactory to friendly service among the service recipients.Conclusion Improving managerial support,quality of service process,policy and regulation of medical institutions could effectively enhance the service demander's positive opinion to the friendly service.
Effect of disinfection treatment on endotoxin and microorganism in drinking water in Wuhan city
HAN Xiao-jiao, HUANG Zheng
2016, 32(2): 215-217. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-24
Abstract(1057) HTML (220) PDF 878KB(178)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate changes in endotoxin and microbiological parameters after conventional drinking water treatment in main drinking water plants in Wuhan city and to provide a scientific basis for improvement of drinking water quality.Methods The water samples were collected in August 2013 from drinking water plant Z and B with source water from Yangze River and Hanjiang River.The level of endotoxin was determined with limulus amebocyte lysate test described in Chinese Pharmaeopoeia(2005 edition); standard plate-count bacteria,total coliforms,Escherichia coli,and thermotolerant coliform bacteria were detected according to GB/T5750.12-2006 "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Microbiological Parameters".Results The endotoxin content in raw water samples from drinking water plant Z and B were 281.36 endotoxin unit per ml(EU/ml) and 216.32 EU/ml and that in tap water samples were 38.95 EU/ml and 29.37EU/ml,with the endotoxin removal rates of 86.16% and 86.42% for the two plants,respectively.The value of standard plate-count bacteria for the raw water samples from drinking water plant Z and B were 4.24×104 colony-forming unit(CFU)/ml and 2.06×104 CFU/ml.The content of total coliforms in raw water samples from the two plants were all over 2 300 most probable number(MPN)/100 ml.The content of Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliform bacteria were 266 MPN/100 ml and 345 MPN/100 ml for raw water samples from plant Z and 1 100 MPN/100 ml and 1 700 MPN/100 ml for the samples from plant B.The standard plate-count bacteria,total coliforms,Escherichia coli,and thermotolerant coliform bacteria were not detected for all tap water samples from the two plants.Conclusion The conventional drinking water treatment can meet the requirement of domestic standard for indicator bacteria,but endotoxin still exists in the output drinking water.
Genetic and epidemiological characteristics for HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains isolated in Dalian city
LIU Da-peng, LÜ Qiu-yue, ZHANG Qun.et al
2016, 32(2): 235-238. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-29
Abstract(1002) HTML (274) PDF 1031KB(167)
Abstract:
Objective To analyze genetic characteristics and transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type1(HIV-1) CRF01_AE strains isolated in Dalian municipality in recent years.Methods Viral RNA was extracted from plasma samples,HIV-1 genes(env) were amplified by reverse transcriptase and nested-PCR using specific primer pairs.PCR products were sequenced and analyzed with phylogenetic method.Results A total of 26(63.41%) HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE sequences were identified from the 41 samples successfully sequenced.All of the HIV/AIDS patients positive to CRF01_AE strains were infected through sexual contacts.Two main epidemic clusters,the men who have sex with men(MSM) cluster and the heterosexualit(Hetero) cluster(infected through heterosexual contact),were identified in the CRF01_AE strains in Dalian.Genetic distance analysis showed that the diversity of MSM cluster was obviously less than that of Hetero cluster and it was found that no international reference strain was closely correlated with the two clusters.The MSM cluster presented close relations with MSM strains form Liaoning province,Beijing and Jilin province;the Hetero cluster presented the close relations with homosexual strains from Liaoning province,Beijing and heterosexual strains from Southeast Coastal provinces.Conclusion The CRF01_AE strains are the dominant subtypes and homosexual transmission is the major route of transmission of the strains isolated in Dalian.The CRF01_AE strains of Dalian originated in Thailand and there were two or more transmission patterns in Dalian,and seemed to have had several events of epidemics in populations with the CRF01_AE strains isolated in MSM of northern region of China.
Progress in studies on MAPK signal transduction pathway and nerve injury
LIU Ting-ting, ZHANG Shu-ping, QIN Xiao-yan.et al
2016, 32(2): 248-254. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-02-32
Abstract(1773) HTML (532) PDF 924KB(241)
Abstract:
Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)is a group of serine/threonine protein kinases which is widely distributed within the cytoplasm.In eukaryotic cells,there are 4 parallel signal transduction pathways,namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)pathway,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and(or)stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK)pathway,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)pathway,and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5(ERK5)/big mitogen-activated protein kinase1(BMKl)pathway.In recent years,many studies have found that MAPK signaling pathway has a close relationship with the occurrence and renovation of nervous system damage.ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylated activate rapidly in the region of nerve damage,reducing the impact on the body caused by nerve damage;phosphorylated JNK gathers at the site of nerve injury and promotes neuronal apoptosis,aggravating the process of nerve injury occurred.ERK5 is an indispensable signaling protein of cell proliferation and differentiation,embryonic development and organogenesis,and phosphorylated ERK5 promotes neuronal survival of nerve cell by stimulating the expression of insulin.In addition,in different stimulation and disease,the role of MAPK molecules is different.Literature retrieval in this article,the progress in the researches on the composition of the MAPK signal pathway,the role,the relationship between nerve damage and practical application were reviewed.