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2016 Vol. 32, No. 7

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Intervention effect of family doctor service approach among community chronic disease patients
PEI Yu-hui, WANG Gang
2016, 32(7): 972-974. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-25
Abstract(1308) HTML (185)
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Objective To explore the effect of family doctor service approach on disease management, quality of life and medical expenses among community patients with chronic diseases. Methods By using stratified sampling, 1 200 chronic diseases patients registered in 10 community health centers affiliated to Futian District Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control of Shenzhen municipality were enrolled in the study in January 2015.Then the patients were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group;the patients of observation group signed an agreement with family doctors for the implementation of family doctor service approach and those of control received routine community intervention only.At the beginning and by the end of one year intervention, the status of disease management, medical cost and social support were assessed and the quality of life was evaluated with World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF)among the patients of observation and control groups. Results Compared to those of the control group, the patients of observation group showed significantly higher integrity rate of medical records (91.8% vs.82.0%), average score for medication compliance (14.2±1.3 vs.10.8±3.2), and all domain scores for social support(P < 0.05 for all)at the end of intervention;the patients of observation group also reported significantly higher scores for all domains of WHOQOL-BREF and lower annual medical expense (2 357.8±215.8 vs.3 556.8±287.5 RMB yuan)(both P < 0.05). Conclusion The family doctor service approach is helpful to improve disease management and quality of life and to reduce medication cost among community chronic disease patients.
Characteristics of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infection related knowledge among lesbians
YANG Jin-ying
2016, 32(7): 917-920. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-10
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Objective To examine the status of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infection(STI)related knowledge among lesbians in Liaocheng city of Shandong province. Methods A face-to-face interview was conducted with a self-designed questionnaire in Liaocheng city between 2013 and 2015 among 163 lesbians recruited via internet or at public places with snow-ball sampling. Results Of the lesbians interviewed, 68.1% were aged 20-30 years;71.8% were unmarried;75.5% reported sexual behavior before the age of 20 years;and 65.6% reported heterosexual experience.Among the lesbians, 21.4% had at least two homosexual partners during the recent six months;11.6% had casual homosexual behavior;13.5% had instrumental sex;8.0% had commercial sex;and 20.3% had homosexual behavior during menstruation.There were 8.1% of the lesbians reporting the experience of sharing sexual instrument during homosexual acts and 76.5% of the lesbians using shared sexual instruments without cleaning.The awareness rate of STI related knowledge was low among the lesbians and 41.6% of the lesbians considered possible STI and reproductive tract infection related to homosexual acts. Conclusion The lesbians are at high risk of reproductive system diseases due to multiple homosexual partners and limited knowledge on healthy and safe homosexual behaviors.
Association of maternal serum alanine aminotransferase in first trimester with risk of macrosomia and large for gestational age infant
LENG Jun-hong, WANG Lei-shen, LI Wei-qin.et al
2016, 32(7): 956-960. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-21
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Objective To examine the association between maternal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the first trimester and the risk of macrosomia and large for gestational age(LGA)infant. Methods We used Tianjin Municipal Maternal and Child Health Information System and collected information on basic characteristics, antenatal care, detection result of ALT, and delivery outcome of 26 956 pregnant women with single-pregnancy who were registered for pregnancy and attended their first antenatal care within the first 12 weeks of gestation in 6 central urban districts and Binhai New District.Multivariate logistic regression was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).To examine the joint effect of serum ALT and maternal obesity on the risks of macrosomia and LGA infant, the women were divided into four groups:non-obese group with ALT<40 U/L, obese and ALT<40 U/L, non-obese group with ALT≥40 U/L, and obese and ALT≥40 U/L. Results The median serum ALT at first antenatal care visit was 15.2 U/L (interquartile range:11.0-22.0 U/L) and 5.1% of the women showed the level of ALT≥40 U/L.Of all the newborns, 10.1% were macrosomia and 14.1% were LGA infants.The results of multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the women with the ALT of ≥40 U/L were more likely to give birth to macrosomia (OR[95% CI]:1.192[1.008-1.410]) and LGA infant (1.160[1.012-1.330]) compared to those with the ALT of <40 U/L;the results also revealed that compared to the non-obese women with the ALT of <40 U/L, the women with obesity and/or increased serum ALT were at higher risk of giving birth to macrosomia (OR[95% CI]for the obese with ALT <40 U/L:3.011[2.593-3.496], for the non-obese with ALT ≥40 U/L:1.320[1.097-1.589], and for the obese with ALT ≥40 U/L:3.837[2.675-5.502]) and to LGA infant (OR[95% CI]for the obese with ALT <40 U/L:2.781[2.458-3.147], for the non-obese with ALT ≥40 U/L:1.238[1.066-1.437], and for the obese with ALT ≥40 U/L:3.766[2.757-5.144]). Conclusion Elevated ALT in first trimester alone or combined with maternal obesity correlate with the increased risk of giving birth to macrosomia and large for gestational age infant.
Effect of Aijingxiang decoction on hormone-dependent dermatitis and its mechanism in guinea pig
ZHAO Yu-mei, ZHU Ren-ying, LIAN Ke-xia.et al
2016, 32(7): 938-940. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-16
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Objective To explore the effect of Aijingxiang decoction on hormone-dependent dermatitis and its mechanism in guinea pigs. Methods Thirty guinea pigs were randomly assigned into a model group, a treatment group, and a control group (10 in each group).Clobetasol propionate tincture of 0.05% was administered to dorsal skin twice a day for 15 days to guinea pigs of model and treatment group to establish hormone-dependent dermatitis;then Aijingxiang decoction (mainly composed of Folium artemisiae argyi, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Agastache rugosus, and other Chinese medicinal materials) was administered to the guinea pigs of treatment group by gavage at the dosage of 5 mL/kg once a day for 14 days and the model group was treated the same but with saline.Dorsal skin lesion score was assessed and pathological changes of the skin biopsy were observed for the guinea pigs of the two groups.The expression of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 protein in skin tissue were detected with Western bolt. Results Compared with the control group, the model group presented obviously pathological changes of dorsal skin, significantly higher dorsal skin lesion score (2.65±0.52), and significantly increased serum IgE (123.07±7.10 IU/mL), TNF-α (1.94±0.22) and caspase-3 (1.76±0.39) (P < 0.05 for all).Compared with the model group, the Aijingxiang decoction treatment group showed attenuated epidermal inflammation and keratinization of dorsal skin, significantly lower dorsal skin lesion score (1.25±0.46), and significantly decreased serum IgE (99.82±4.19 IU/mL), TNF-α (1.44±0.18) and caspase-3 (1.30±0.17) (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Aijingxiang decoction is of good therapeutic effect on hormone-dependent dermatitis and the effect may be related to TNF-α-mediated keratinocyte apoptosis in guinea pigs.
Effect of cajanonic acid A on glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells in vitro
LUO Ming, LIANG Bing, CHEN Wen-zhang.et al
2016, 32(7): 928-930. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-13
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Objective To explore the effect of cajanonic acid A on glucose metabolism of HepG2 cells and its mechanism. Methods HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and administered with cajanonic acid A at different doses of 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 mol/L.The glucose consumption of HepG2 cells was detected with glucose oxidase-peroxidase enzyme method and the activity of sugar metabolism related enzymes hexokinase(HK)and pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)24 hours after the administration. Results For the HepG2 cells treated with 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 mol/L cajanonic acid A, the glucose consumption were 8.650±0.319, 8.231±0.182, and 8.136±0.402 mmol/L, respectively, and were all significantly higher than that of the control group (6.521±0.056 mmol/L)(P < 0.05).The HK contents were 882.91±30.72 and 718.25±20.67 pg/mL in the HepG2 cells treated with 10-3 and 10-4mol/L cajanonic acid A and were significantly higher than that of the control group (616.65±17.24 pg/mL).The PDH content was 1 526.69±66.74 pg/mL in the HepG2 cells treated with 10-3 mol/L cajanonic acid A and significantly higher than that of the control group (1 204.73±55.72 pg/mL)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Cajanonic acid A can promote glucose uptake of HepG2 cells in vitro and has hypoglycemic effect;the effects may be associated with the enhanced the activity of glucose metabolism enzyme-hexokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Relationship between biomass smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in China: a meta-analysis
AN Jing, BAO He-ling, FANG Li-wen
2016, 32(7): 999-1004. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-33
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Objective To explore the relationship between biomass smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to provide references for COPD prevention. Methods Observational studies published from January 1990 through December 2015 in China and abroad on the association of biomass smoke and COPD among Chinese populations were searched in Chinese literature databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu database and English literature database including PubMed and Science Direct, supplemented by literature tracing.All studies enrolled were analyzed synthetically and quantitatively with meta-analysis by Stata 11.0 software. Results Totally 25 studies (22 in Chinese and 3 in English) were enrolled and the quality scores for all the studies were not less than 6.There were 16 cross-sectional studies which included 56 801 people and 9 case-control studies which included 2 149 cases and 2 757 controls.For the cross-sectional studies, the pooled odds ratio(OR)of COPD was 1.94 (95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.49-2.53) for the people with biomass smoke exposure compared to those without the exposure;for the case-control studies, the pooled OR of COPD was 2.66 (95%CI:1.75-4.04) for the cases with biomass smoke exposure compared to the controls without the exposure.Subgroup analyses showed that for the cross-sectional studies, the biomass smoke-exposed subgroups of being male, living rural areas, using biofuel for both cooking and heating were at higher risk of COPD and the studies adjusting for confounding factors and involving a study population larger than 3 000 reported a higher biomass smoke exposure-related COPD risk (P < 0.01);for the case-control studies, the studies with hospital-based cases, with non-community-based controls, categorizing exposure levels by coal-burning and wood-burning index, adjusting for confounding factors, and adopting 1:1 matched design reported higher OR of COPD for the cases (all P < 0.01).Sensitivity and publication bias analysis revealed that the results of the meta-analysis were stable and there were no publication bias for the included cross-sectional and case-control studies (Z=1.40 and 0.52, both P > 0.05). Conclusion Biomass smoke exposure is a risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in China.
Mediating effect of hope level on correlation between perceived social support and quality of life among postoperative cervical cancer patients
GONG Peng-fei, XIA Bai-rong, LOU Ge.et al
2016, 32(7): 965-967. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-23
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Objective To explore the quality of life (QOL), relationships between hope level, perceived social support and QOL, and mediating effect of hope level on the relationship between perceived social support and quality of life among postoperative cervical cancer patients. Methods Totally 280 pathologically diagnosed cervical cancer patients were recruited at Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University between November 2014 and November 2015 for a self-administered questionnaire survey.The survey was conducted during postoperative reexamination at outpatient clinic three months after hospital discharge with the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and a selfdesigned questionnaire on demography information. Results For all the participants, the mean scores of WHOQOL-BREF, PSSS, and HHI were 95.62±16.56, 67.48±10.58, and 37.36±4.17, respectively.The total score and all domain scores of PSSS were positively correlated with total score and domain scores of active attitude and action of HHI and overal score of QOL(P < 0.05 for all).The total score and domain scores of HHI positively correlated to the total score of QOL(P < 0.05).The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed a partial mediating effect of hope level on the correlation between perceived social support and QOL among the participants, with an effect magnitude of 0.09 and a relative effect ratio of 26.71%.Hope level was an important protective factor for QOL. Conclusion Perceived social support has a direct influence and an indirect influcence mediated by hope level on quality of life among postoperative cervical cancer patients;in addition, hope level mediates positive effect of perceived social support on quality of life and promotes quality of life among the patients.
Anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effect of Glycyrrhiza extraction on gastric cancer SGC-7901cells
PENG Hong, LI Xin, LI Yan-kun.et al
2016, 32(7): 931-934. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-14
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Objective To extract an active anti-tumor fraction from Glycyrrhiza (named GL-1)and to test anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis of GL-1 on gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Methods By using water filtering, acetone-extraction, methanol purification, we extracted GL-1 from Glycyrrhiza.3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure anti-proliferation of GL-1 on SGC-7901 cells.Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining assay and flow cytometry assay with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (FITC/PI) were employed to observe morphological changes of SGC-7901 cells treated with GL-1 and to measure apoptosis rate of the cells. Results The results of MTT assay indicated that GL-1 had an obvious time- and dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect on SGC-7901 cells.The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GL-1 on SGC-7901 cells in 12, 24, and 48 hours are 24.18 μg/mL, 20.03.μg/mL, and 15.60 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). Results of AO/EB double staining assay showed that GL-1 could induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells.Flow cytometry assay revealed that GL-1 had a time-dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. Conclusion GL-1 has an anti-proliferative effect on SGC-7901cells and could induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.
Efficacy of Qingdao diabetes risk score in type 2 diabetes mellitus screening among asymptomatic adult populations
CAO Yi, NING Feng, SUN Jian-ping.et al
2016, 32(7): 903-906. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-07
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Qingdao diabetes risk score (QDRS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) screening among symptomatic adult residents and to provide references for T2DM prevention and control. Methods A diabetes control project was conducted among 4 426 self-assessed healthy persons aged 35-74 years in Qingdao city of Shandong province;questionnaire surveys including Chinese diabetes risk score (CDRS), QDRS and a general questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory test including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were performed among the attendees of the project.Then a follow-up study the same as the previous project was conducted in 2012 among 3 843 attendees who were not diagnosed with T2DM in 2009, of which, 2 295 were followed up finally.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the sensitivity, specificity, and Youden indexe were calculated for QDRS, CDRS, and FPG to evaluate the efficacy of the indexes in screening asymptomatic diabetes. Results The detection rate of T2DM was 13.2% among the 4 426 participants of the survey in 2009 and 7.9% among the 2 295 participants of follow-up study in 2012.Based on the data of 2009 survey, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of FPG, QDRS, and CDRS for T2DM detection were 0.87 (95% confidence interval[95%CI]=0.85-0.89), 0.87 (95%CI=0.85-0.89), and 0.70 (95%CI=0.68-0.72);the sensitivity and specificity of the optimal cut-off value of FPG (≥6.4 mmol/L), QDRS (≥14 points), and CDRS (≥30 points) were 72.0% and 91.2%, 73.2% and 66.5%, and 66.2% and 63.8%, respectively;the Youden' index for FPG, QDRS, and CDRS were 0.63, 0.30, and 0.30.Based on the data of 2012 follow-up study, the AUC of FPG, QDRS, and CDRS were 0.83 (95%CI=0.79-0.87), 0.62 (95%CI=0.57-0.66), and 0.65 (95%CI=0.61-0.70);the sensitivity and specificity of the optimal cut-off value of FPG, QDRS, and CDRS were 51.7% and 95.7%, 75.6% and 41.0%, and 73.8% and 47.9%, respectively;the Youdenindex for FPG, QDRS, and CDRS were 0.47, 0.12, and 0.21.There were no significant differences in the efficacy of QDRS and FPG, CDRS for predicting T2DM incidence between 2009 survey and 2012 follow-up study(P > 0.05 for all). Conclusion QDRS could be used as a reliable screening tool for T2DM screening among healthy adult populations.
Influencing factors of suicide ideation among migrant service workers in Shenzhen city
ZHOU Zhi-jian, XU Yan-min, JIN Dong.et al
2016, 32(7): 948-952. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-19
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of suicide behaviors among migrant service workers in Shenzhen city. Methods Totally 1 982 migrant service workers were recruited with respondent-driven sampling in Shenzhen city of Guangdong province and surveyed with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) between June and August 2014.Structural equation model was used to explore relationships between suicidal ideation and influencing factors. Results The average age of the 1 979 migrant service workers with valid information was 39.9±12.0 years and the majority of the workers were female (65.1%), married (83.8%), and with the primary school education (43.3%).The prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among the migrant service workers were 3.1%, 0.4%, and 0.3%, respectively.The constructed structural equation model fit the data well (χ2/df=17.828, normed fit index[NFI]=0.959, comparative-fit index[CFI]=0.961, incremental fit index[IFI]=0.961, root mean square error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.092, Akaike information criterion[AIC]=164.793, Brownne-Cudeck criterion[BCC]=164.935, estimated cross validation index[EVCI]=0.083).Depression showed direct influence on suicidal ideation, while other factors including psychological status, psychological resilience, anxiety, and social support had indirect impacts.According to the percentage of the contribution, the negative influencing factors were ranked as following:depression (46.2%), anxiety (28.9%), psychological status (24.2%), and social support (0.1%).The psychological resilience (0.6%) was a positive influencing factor. Conclusion Depression and anxiety are the most important risk factors of suicidal ideation among migrant service workers in Shenzhen city, suggesting that screening on depression and anxiety may be a major measure for suicide prevention in the population.
Influence of antihypertensive therapy on dietary structure among rural elderly hypertension patients
DING Bing-jie, BI Yan-xia, WANG Jia.et al
2016, 32(7): 975-977. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-26
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Objective To investigate dietary structure of hypertension patients in rural Beijing and the impact of antihypertensive treatment on dietary structure. Methods Dietary questionnaire survey and medical examination were conducted among 213 residents aged 45 years and over in Zhangfang village of Beijing in July 2015;then 126 residents identified with hypertension through the survey were assigned into a treatment group (71) with antihypertensive medication and a non-treatment group(55) without the medication.A 24-hour dietary recall survey was conducted continuously for three days among the 126 hypertension patients with inquiry and food frequency method;blood pressure, height, and weight of the hypertensives were also measured. Results For all the hypertension patients, the average total energy intake was 8 088.9±315.9 kilojoules(kJ);the proportion of energy intake from protein, fat, and carbohydrates were 10.5±2.8%, 24.6±6.3%, and 64.9±7.1%, respectively;the hypertension patients of treatment group had significantly higher proportion of energy from carbohydrates (66.9±6.2%) and lower proportion of energy from fat (23.1±5.6%) and protein (10.0±2.2%) than those of non-treatment group (P < 0.05 for all).Compared to those of the non-treatment group, the hypertension patients of treatment group reported significantly lower proportions for consuming milk (8.5% vs.21.8%), soy products (16.9% vs.34.5%), and nuts (12.7% vs.30.9%)(P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Antihypertensive therapy influences dietary behavior, leading to more unreasonable dietary structure, among rural hypertension patients and the situation needs to be changed through promoting dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) among the patients.
Genetic characteristics of novel avian influenza A H10N8 virus isolated in human
YANG Peng-fei, YAN Qing-li, ZHEN Wei.et al
2016, 32(7): 907-912. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-08
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Objective To examine evolutionary characteristics of genome of novel avian influenza A H10N8 virus and to analyze the variation of the key amino acid sites of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Methods First human infection case of novel avian influenza AH10N8 virus was diagnosed in Jiangxi province, China in December 2013.The variations in gene nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the novel avian influenza AH10N8 virus strain isolated were analyzed. Results The HA and NA gene sequence of the novel avian influenza A H10N8 virus strain (A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013[H10N8], shortly named JX346) showed high identity with A/duck/Hunan/S11205/2012 (H10N3)(97.0%) and A/mallard/Korea/1041/2010 (H10N8)(98.8%), respectively, and the six internal genes showed a more than 99.0% homology with avian influenza A H9N2 virus strain isolated from Jiangxi province.The amino acid sequence of HA at the hemagglutinin cleavage site of the JX346 was PELIQGR↓G and the HA with five glycosylation sites had substitutions (S199A, A331S, K431N)in the 130 loop.Meanwhile, there were seven glycosylation sites in the NA and three substitutions (S199A, A331S, K431N) in its antigenic epitopes.Selection pressure analysis indicated that 3 positively selected sites in major surface protein of the JX346 strain. Conclusion The novel avian influenza A H10N8 virus strain may be the reassortants of avian influenza A H10N3, H10N8 and H9N2N virus.The substitutions in the key sites of novel avian influenza A H10N8 virus may result in human infection.
Curative effects of different therapeutic regimes in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction
FAN Tian-lun, FU Chuan, WANG Sheng-xing.et al
2016, 32(7): 978-980. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-27
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Objective To compare curative effects of different therapeutic regimes in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Methods Totally 64 inpatients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction were recruited and assigned equally into an observation group (group A)administered with sacral nerve stimulation and bladder function training and a control group (group B)with bladder function training in the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from March 2013 to October 2014.We assessed urinary flow dynamics, bladder pressure, residual urine volume for the inpatients before and after the treatments. Results The indicators changed after the treatments among all the inpatients.The average urinary flow rate increased and the average residual urine volume decreased among the inpatients with chronic urinary retention.For the patients with detrusor hyperactive disorder, the average number of urination, urinary incontinence, and night urination decreased and the average maximum intravesical pressure declined but the average maximum bladder capacity increased after the treatments (P < 0.05).The average residual urine volume of the chronic urinary retention patients in group A was significantly lower than that of the patients in group B(41.2±13.6 vs.128.6±43.9 ml, P < 0.05);the average micturition frequency of the inpatients with detrusor hyperactive disorder in group A was significantly lower than the inpatients in group B (6.67±2.2 vs.9.53±3.17 per day, P < 0.05).The indicators among the patients of group A showed better improvement than those among the patients of group B. Conclusion Sacral nerve stimulation combined with bladder function training can effectively improve micturition frequency, urgent urination, incontinence of urine and urine flow dynamic characteristics among the patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Biobliometrics of Chinese Journal of Public Health, 1985-2014: a visualizing analysis
SU Chun-hui, ZHANG Chi-chen, HU Wei-hong.et al
2016, 32(7): 1005-1008. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-34
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Objective To analyze literatures published in Chinese Journal of Public Health (CPH) from 1985 through 2014 with bibliometrics method for examining developmental trend of CPH and public health research in China. Methods With bibliometrics method, 19 776 articles published in CPH between 1985 and 2014 were extracted and analyzed with a visualization software CiteSpace III. Results The annual number of articles published in CPH increased yearly as a whole and reached the highest of 1 039 in 2004.There were 12 authors having 35 papers or more published in CPH during the period, with ZHUANG Hui, TAO Fang-biao, and SUN Chang-hao among the most prolific authors.Totally 36 keywords were employed 100 times or more and the top three keywords mostly employed were public health and anti-epidemic station, influence factor, and epidemiological survey.China Medical University, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention were the top three institutions with more authors publishing articles in CPH during the period. Conclusion Publications of Chinese Journal of Public Health support the development of prominent scholars-centered cooperative network and teams for public health research and promote the research progress in public health.
Qualification rate of toxicological indicators for drinking water from rural self-drilled wells in Haidian district of Beijing
CHEN Hai-ping, GONG Jian, CHEN Jian-feng.et al
2016, 32(7): 944-947. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-18
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Objective To investigate toxicological indicators of drinking water from self-drilled wells in rural area of Haidian district of Beijing and to provide a basis for improving drinking water quality. Methods A total of 911 drinking water samples from self-drilled wells in rural area of Haidian district were collected using stratified random sampling from 2011 to 2014 and toxicological indicators of the water samples were evaluated according to “Hygiene Standard for Drinking Water”(GB5749-2006).The effects of well depth, pollution sources, and disinfection facilities on the toxicological indicators were analyzed. Results During the period, the overall qualification rate of toxicological indicators for the samples detected was 94.51%;of the.911 water samples, 19(2.09%)and 27(2.96%)were unqualified for fluoride and nitrate nitrogen.Compared to the water samples from the self-drilled wells of more than 60 meters in depth, without pollution source at a distance of less than 50 meters around, and with normal operation of disinfection facilities, significantly lower overall qualification rate of toxicological indicators was observed for the samples from the wells less than 60 meters in depth (91.10% vs.97.19%, χ2=15.416), with pollution sources at a distance of less than 50 meters around (88.51% vs 97.29%, χ2=25.852), and with abnormal operation of disinfection facilities (83.94% vs.97.67%, χ2=52.290)(P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion Fluoride and nitrate nitrogen are major unqualified toxicological indicators and the depth of well, pollution source around the well, and operation status of disinfection facility are major influencing factors of overall qualification rate of toxicological indicators for the drinking water from self-drilled wells in rural area of Haidian district of Beijing.
Changes in poliovirus neutralizing antibodies among puerperas and infants: a longitudinal study
CUI Min, JIANG De-yu, HE Qing.et al
2016, 32(7): 889-892. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-03
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Objective To study variant characteristics of poliomyelitis neutralizing antibody among puerperas and their infants and to compare serological responses of different poliomyelitis vaccination schedules in the infants. Methods We conducted a longitudinal seroepidemiologic study among puerperas and their infants at Liwan District Maternal and Child Health Care Center in Guangzhou city from July 2013 to April 2014.The level of poliomyelitis neutralizing antibody of the puerperas and their infants at the birth, 3-month, and 6-month were determined and the antibody levels of the infants after oral polio vaccine (OPV), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and OPV plus IPV vaccination were compared. Results We collected 179, 176, 149, and 62 blood sample from the puerperas, the newborn, the infants of 3- and 6-month after the birth.There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics among the infants with OPV, IPV, and IPV plus OPV.The levels of antibody against poliovirus type I, II, and III in the newborns were lower than those of the puerperas;the levels raised rapidly with the increment of age among the infants and the values of geometric mean reciprocal titre (GMRT)of the antibody against poliovirus type I, II, and III reached up to 607.0 (95%confidence interval:146.0-2 523.1), 239.6 (80.4-713.6), and 235.9 (56.0-994.8), respectively, among the infants of 6 months old.We found no significant differences in the GMRT values and antibody positive rate among the infants with OPV, IPV, and IPV plus OPV vaccination at different time after the birth (P > 0.05 for all).The poliovirus antibody level of the puerperas was positively correlated with the levels of antibody against poliovirus type II and III of their infants(tII=5.953, P=0.000 and tIII=7.260, P < 0.001). Conclusion The level of maternal poliovirus antibody in infants is lower than that in the puerperas.Both full course IPV and sequential IPV plus OPV vaccination have effective immune effect and sequential IPV plus OPV vaccination could be promoted at present in China.
Body satisfaction and associated factors among urban junior high school students in China
XIONG Yue-lin, XIE Shui-xian, ZHANG Jian-duan
2016, 32(7): 900-903. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-06
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Objective To examine current status and influencing factors of body satisfaction among junior high school students in cities of China. Methods A cross-sectional study including physical measurement and questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 114 first- and second-year students selected with multistage random cluster sampling from 30 junior high schools in 6 Chinese cities(Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu, and Kunming)between September 2012 and August 2013.Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze factors correlated with body satisfaction. Results The rates of satisfaction with body height, weight, and shape were 44.77%, 38.18%, and 42.83%, respectively.The results of multivariate logistic regression revealed that the male students were more satisfied with their height (odds ratio[OR]=1.44 and 1.23 for high and moderate satisfaction)compared to the female students;under-estimation of height would lower the satisfaction with height among all the students (OR=0.70 and 0.71 for high and moderate satisfaction);male (OR=1.99) and second-year students (OR=1.51) were more satisfied with their weight, while overweight (OR=0.23), obesity (OR=0.10), and over-estimation of weight would lower the level of high-satisfaction with body weight;the moderate and high satisfaction with body shape were influenced by gender (male:OR=1.36 and 2.03), grade (second-year:OR=0.92 and 1.64), body weight (underweight:OR=1.49 and 1.98;overweight:OR=0.24 and 0.40;obesity:OR=0.23 and 0.11), and over-estimation of body weight (OR=0.50 and 0.58) among the students. Conclusion Body satisfaction is generally at a low level and influenced by gender, grade, body weight, and self-assessed height and weight among Chinese urban junior high school students.
Influence of PC-B2 on oxidative DNA damage induced by AFB1 and repair gene expression in hepatocytes
MA Ling-ling, FAN Qiu-yu, XIAO De-qiang.et al
2016, 32(7): 925-927. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-12
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Objective To investigate the effect of procyanidin B2(PC-B2)on oxidative DNA damage induced by aflaoxin B1(AFB1)and repair gene expression in hepatocytes. Methods Well grown L-02 cells in logarithmic phase were divided into control group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, AFB1 exposure groups (10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/mL), PC-B2 exposure groups (3, 10, and 30 μg/mL), and PC-B2 intervention groups (3, 10, and 30 μg/mL PC-B2+30 μg/mL AFB1).Cell proliferation and the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in cell culture supernatant and cellular human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (hOGG1) expression were assayed with 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. Results The cell proliferation in AFB1 exposure groups was significantly inhibited, with a dose-effect relationship(P < 0.05).Compared with that of DMSO group, the cell proliferation (69.9±2.46%) was obviously decreased and the content of 8-OhdG (2.779±0.089 ng/mL)was significantly increased in 30 μg/mL AFB1 exposure group (P < 0.05).Compared with 30 μg/mL AFB1 exposure group, the cell proliferations (70.6±2.67%, 69.7±1.94%, and 82.4±1.58%)were increased and the contents of 8-OHdG (2.550±0.078, 2.376±0.109, and 1.873±0.065 ng/mL) were significantly decreased in the three PC-B2 treatment groups (all P < 0.05);the expression of hOGG1 decreased in the 30 μg/mL AFB1 treatment group, but it obviously increased after the treatment of PC-B2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion PC-B2 has the effect of increasing the proliferation of hepatocyte and inhibiting oxidative DNA damage induced by AFB1.The antioxidant activity may related to hOGG1 gene expression levels.
Coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine among children 1 to 14 years old in Gansu province
WANG Ping-gui, AN Jing, LI Hui.et al
2016, 32(7): 893-896. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-04
Abstract(1046) HTML (232) PDF 888KB(34)
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Objective To examine the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination (HepB) among children 1 to 14 years old in Gansu province 12 years after HepB was included into Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI), and to provide references for formulating hepatitis B control strategies. Methods With two-stage random cluster sampling, 1 952 children aged 1 to 14 years were recruited from 5 counties (districts) of Gansu province and surveyed with a questionnaire in 2014. Results Among the children surveyed, the proportions of with first dose of HepB (HepB1), timely HepB1, and full-course HepB inoculation were 96.36%, 88.57%, and 95.85%, respectively, and the proportions were reversely correlated with the age of the children (P < 0.001);there were no significant gender and ethnic group differences in the proportions (P > 0.05).However, the coverage rate of HepB1, timely HepB1, and full-course HepB inoculation were significantly higher in the urban children than in the rural (P < 0.001).The hospitalized delivery rate of the children surveyed was 93.53% and 57.29% of the children were born in county hospitals.The ratio of the children delivered at the city level or above hospitals, township hospitals, at home, and unknown place were 17.96%, 18.28%, 4.33%, and 2.14%, respectively.The coverage rate of HepB1 and timely HepB1 for the children born at city level or above hospitals were 99.30% and 95.45%, and the rate for the children born at home or unknown place was 83.50% and 59.22%.There were significant differences in the coverage rates of HepB1 and timely HepB1 among the children delivered at different places (P < 0.001). Conclusion The rate of full-course HepB and timely HepB1 inoculation increased obviously among the children under age of 15 years since the inclusion of HepB into EPI in Gansu province and maintained high relatively.Increasing the hospitalized delivery rate is a key measure to improve timely HepB1 inoculation rate among the children.
Medication adherence and its associated factors among community hypertension patients in Wuhan municipality
SU Yu, TU Yi-qiao, LI Jun-lin.et al
2016, 32(7): 920-924. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-11
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Objective To study medication adherence and its associated factors among community hypertension patients in Wuhan municipality and to provide evidences for improving the efficiency of hypertension medication. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 106 hypertension patients recruited with cluster random sampling at 35 community health service centers and 35 township hospitals in Wuhan municipality. Results Of the patients, 48.9% (2 007) reported good adherence to antihypertensive drugs.The results of the multivariate unconditional logistic regression showed that with medical insurance for urban residents, with new rural cooperative medical insurance or other insurance system, with isolated systolic hypertension, having hypertension and other disease-related familial economic burden were risk factors of low medication adherence;whereas, female gender, aged 61 years or above, with primary school or higher education, and with the hypertension of stage Ⅲ were protective factors of medication adherence. Conclusion Medication adherence is relatively low and mainly influenced by gender, age, education level, occupation, familial monthly income, type of medical insurance, staging of hypertension, and hypertension-related disease economic burden among community hypertension patients in Wuhan municipality.
Relationship between environmental estrogen exposure and diabetes mellitus: a review
YANG Jing, YU Jie, YANG Meng-xue.et al
2016, 32(7): 988-990. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-30
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The chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, have become a focus of public health researches in recent years.The exposure to environmental estrogen becomes another risk factor for diabetes in addition to genes, lifestyle and other social factors.Various environmental estrogens have different chemical structures, so their impact mechanisms on diabetes are different.Currently, there have been many studies on bisphenol (BPA)and dioxins interfering with the activity of insulin secretion and the strong effect of nonylphenol (NP) on insulin is also an important factor observed.This article reviews potential impact mechanisms of exposure to several major environmental estrogens on the occurrence of diabetes and the problems need to be explored.
Application of medical big data in non-communicable chronic diseases management
HE Ting, LIU Xing, LI Ying.et al
2016, 32(7): 981-984. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-28
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Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) is a major public health problem that endangers people's health, and NCDs management has attracted more attentions all over the world.For now, there is a great challenge for the prevention and control of NCDs in China due to the lack of individualized intervention measures.The development of big data provides a very promising strategy for the innovation of NCDs management mode.From the respect of big data, this paper analyzes the progress in big data application among populations at high-risk and NCDs patients and summarizes the challenges in the process of big data application in NCDs management.
Impact of total flavonoids of Verbena officinalis L on proliferation and invasiveness of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells
REN Li-ping, LI Xian-jia, ZHU Bao-an
2016, 32(7): 935-937. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-15
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Objective To explore the effect of total flavonoids of Verbena officinalis L (TFV)on proliferation and invasiveness of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells. Methods HepG-2 were treated with TFV at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L;the proliferation of HepG-2 cells was assayed by using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and the apoptosis of the cells was detected with Hoechest 33342;the invasiveness of the cells was detected with Transwell.The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with thecontrol group, different concentration of TFV could inhibit the growth of HepG-2 cells significantly (P < 0.05) and significantly promote apoptosis of the cells, with the apoptosis rates of 10.31±0.51%, 16.02±0.63%, and 35.05±1.12% and the invasiveness rates of 119.2±17.1, 98.5±13.5, and 54.8±6.4 for the HepG-2 cells with the TFV dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively(all P < 0.05).The expression levels of MMP-9 (7.81±0.48, 6.28±0.41, and 3.08±0.35) and VEGF (0.87±0.07, 0.63±0.04, and 0.45±0.06) were down-rugulated for the HepG-2 cells with the TFV dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Total flavonoids of Verbena officinalis L can inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells and reduce invasiveness of the cells, and the mechanism of the effect may be related to down-regulation MMP-9 and VEGF.
Secular growth and nutrition trends among Hani ethnicity children and adolescents in China, 2005-2014
YANG Yun-juan, CHANG Li-tao, CHEN Lu.et al
2016, 32(7): 941-944. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-17
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Objective To analyze secular growth trend and nutrition status among Hani ethnicity children and adolescents in China from 2005 to 2014, and to provide suggestions for improving growth and nutrition among Hani children and adolescents. Methods Data on physical and nutritional status for 2 591, 2 629, and 2 637 Hani students aged 7-18 years in Yunnan province were extracted with stratified random cluster sampling from databases of three waves of survey on physique and health conditions of Chinese students conducted in 2005, 2010, and 2014.We analyzed trends in the changes of growth retardation, malnutrition, secular growth, and nutrition status among the students during the period. Results The malnutrition rate decreased from 38.38% to 32.17% and 30.36% to 28.13% among the Hani boys and girls, suggesting an improvement of nutritional status among the students.The growth retardation rates were 33.92%, 28.52%, and 27.01% among the boys and 26.88%, 24.89%, and 25.63% among the girls, respectively, in 2005, 2010 and 2014.During the 10-year period, the girls showed a two-younger average age of height spurt than the boys (11years vs.13 years).The male to female differences in the height were 3.71 cm, 10.65 cm, and 12.50 cm in 2005, 2010, and 2014, respectively, among the students.No obvious variation was observed in body mass index (BMI) among the students. Conclusion Both the physical development and nutritional status present a trend of improvement but malnutrition remains a serious problem among Hani children and adolescents during the period of 2005 to 2014.
Beverage consumption among residents in Hanyang district of Wuhan municipality
WU Xiao-min, GUO Yu-lin, LI Dong-dong.et al
2016, 32(7): 953-956. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-20
Abstract(961) HTML (236) PDF 893KB(39)
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Objective To examine the status quo of beverage consumption among the residents in Wuhan city and to provide a scientific basis for promoting rational beverage consumption in the population. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 663 citizens from 300 families in Hanyang district of Wuhan city with stratified multi-stage and population proportionate random cluster sampling, and the information on beverage consumption were collected with food frequency method. Results Among the 663 citizens surveyed, the proportion of beverage drinking was 68.93 % (65.08% for the males and 72.41% for the females)and the female citizens had significantly higher proportions for drinking dairy products (47.70% vs.31.43%), plant protein beverage (13.79% vs.8.89%), and coffee beverage (4.31% vs.0.95%)compared to the male citizens (P < 0.01 for all).The citizens aged 3-18 years had the highest proportion of drinking dairy products (81.03%), carbonated beverage (40.52%), and fruit and vegetable juice beverage (17.24%)(P < 0.01 for all)and the proportions of drinking tea beverage (37.50%)and special beverage (16.67%)were the highest in the citizens aged 18-45 years (both P < 0.01)compared to the citizens of other ages.The citizens with the education of primary school or below had significantly higher proportions of drinking dairy products (60.29%)and fruit beverage (14.71%)(both P < 0.05)and those with the education of college or above had significantly higher proportions of drinking tea beverage (36.42%), carbonated beverage (41.04%), coffee beverage(7.51%), and special beverage (16.76%)(P < 0.05 for all).The citizens with lower familial income had the highest proportion of drinking fruit and vegetable juice beverage(18.18%)(P < 0.01). Conclusion Gender, age, education level, family income, and occupation have influences on beverage consumption among urban residents of Wuhan city and children and adolescents are the key populations for interventions on reasonable beverage consumption.
Sperm-associated antigens and tumor
ZHANG Shuang-ling, HUANG Zhi-xiong, JIANG Gao-feng.et al
2016, 32(7): 984-987. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-29
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Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) is a kind of important tumor marker antigen.Due to its expression specificity and harmless to either normal or germ cells when playing antitumor immune effects, it has great potential to be used in cancer immunotherapy.As a novel cancer-testis antigen, the role of sperm-associated antigens (SPAGs) has become a research hotspot.SPAGs are mainly expressed in sperm cells, however, recent studies showed that in some tumor tissues the expression of SPAGs could be detected at different level.This paper mainly summarizes the biological characteristics of several SPAGs that have been studied in-depth, and its impact on biological characteristics of tumor, such as pathological staging, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.Due to its specific expression in tumor tissues, as well as the ability to elicit immune response, SPAGs will be an ideal target for early diagnosis and immunotherapy of cancer.
Progress in qPCR combined with propidium monoazide for infectious viruses detection
HUANG Xin, WANG Pei, XIE Qian.et al
2016, 32(7): 991-994. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-31
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Plaque experiment and median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), both based on cell culture, are wildly used as the gold standard in discrimination of infectious viruses, but they are time consuming.Propidium monoazide (PMA) combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a new method of discrimination between infectious virus and noninfectious viruses.Samples are given PMA pretreatment before qPCR.PMA inflitrates damaged capsid selectively, conbines the nucleic acid and inhibits its transcription and amplification.This review elaborates the mechanism of PMA-qPCR in detecting infectious viruses, summarizes the experiment condition of PMA pretreatment, and discusses the efficiency of different approaches in discrimination of infectious virus.
Influence of media report of illegal vaccine sales in Shandong province on attitude and behavior of parents about vaccination of their children in Tianjin city: a quick survey in 2016
CHEN Wei, GAO Zhi-gang, LI Yong-cheng.et al
2016, 32(7): 881-884. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-01
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Objective To investigate the effect of media report of illegal vaccine sales (IVS) in Shandong province in 2016 on attitude and behavior of parents about vaccination of their children in Tianjin city for implementing specific countermeasures. Methods An online survey on attitude towards vaccination was conducted among parents of preschool children from March 25 one week after the media report on IVS in Shandong province to April 7, 2016 in Tianjin city;data on vaccination status of vaccines free of charge (class A vaccines, CAVs) for children under one year old and charged vaccines (class B vaccines, CBVs) for children aged ≤7 years before and after mass media report on the IVS were collected from Tianjin Municipal Immunization Management Information System and analyzed simultaneously. Results The awareness rate of the IVS report was 98.81% among the 1 177 parents surveyed.Of the parents knowing the IVS, 53.44% and 25.32% got the IVS information via mobile phone media and online computer;76.64% knew that only some of CBVs were involved in the IVS reported.Of all the parents surveyed, 29.06% expressed the refusal of CBVs for their children in future;57.52% expressed the hesitation for their children to receive vaccination of CBVs;74.26% reported the worry about the safety of CAVs, with a significant difference in the ratio among the parents of children at various ages (χ2=11.95, P < 0.05);58.71% thought that IVS would not affect the vaccination of CAVs for their children in future, but 40.87% worried about the influence of IVS on the vaccination of CAVs.There was a significant difference in the influence of IVS on the attitude towards vaccination between the fathers and the mothers surveyed (Z=-2.03, P < 0.05).Compared with those of same period and average monthly vaccination rate in 2015, the coverage rate of CAVs decreased 1.47%-8.92% and 1.31%-5.44% during March 2016 among the children under one year old;the number of children aged ≤7 years receiving CBVs declined by 19.17% for inactivated polio, 42.80% for varicella, 33.21% for haemophilus influenzae type B, 30.71% for rotavirus, and 36.36% for pneumococcal vaccine, respectively. Conclusion The IVS in Shandong province had great influence on the confidence of the parents to vaccinations of their children and induced changes in the acceptance of vaccination among the children in Tianjin city.The results suggest that positive dissemination of information on vaccination should be promoted among the public to ensure the implementation of vaccination programs among the children.
Attitude towards EV71 vaccination and its influential factors among parents of children less than six years old in Songjiang district of Shanghai
ZHU Qi, SHEN Jin-hua, CHEN Wen-hua.et al
2016, 32(7): 885-888. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-02
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Objective To examine the cognition of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination among the parents of the children aged under 6 years and the parents' willingness to have their children vaccinated with EV71 vaccine. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was performed among 1 277 parents with children less than 6 years old selected with stratified random sampling from 6 urban and rural communities in Songjiang district of Shanghai between July and September 2015.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with the parents' willingness for their children's EV71 vaccination. Results Among the parents surveyed, 26.32% and 16.22% had heard about EV71 infection and vaccination and 52.16% agreed to their children having EV71 vaccination.The main reason for the parents' refusal for their children receiving EV71 vaccination was the safety of the vaccine.Most of the parents agreed with EV71 inoculation in the public and hoped that EV71 vaccination could be included in the planned immunization program and got financial support from the government.The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that the parents with registered permanent residence in Shanghai, with small children in kindergarten, and with children having HFMD history had willingness for their children's EV71 vaccination, with the odds ratio(OR) of 0.651(95% confidence interval[95%CI]=0.479-0.884), 0.737 (95%CI=0.563-0.965), and OR of 0.528 (95%CI=0.349-0.798);whereas, the parents with high school education, having the knowledge about the significance of EV71 vaccination, and considering EV71 being effective in HFMD prevention had higher willingness for their children's EV71 vaccination. Conclusion The parents of children aged less than 6 years in Shanghai had low knowledge about EV71 vaccination and the parents' willingness for EV71 inoculation of their children was influenced by registered residence, education level, knowledge about EV71 infection and vaccination of themselves and whether their children being in kindergarten and having HFMD history.
Pathogens inducing febrile respiratory syndrome among children in Qinghai province
XU Li-li, MA Yong-cheng, SHI Yan.et al
2016, 32(7): 896-899. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-05
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Objective To study prevalence characteristics of pathogens inducing febrile respiratory syndrome among children in Qinghai province and to provide references for the control of the epidemic. Methods Totally 255 children aged less than 14 years seeking medical service for acute respiratory infection symptoms at 2 influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Xining city of Qianghai province were recruited and their clinical records were extracted and specimens of blood, respiratory secretions and urine were collected for isolations of 6 bacteria and nucleate detections of 8 viruses and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia with real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).ResultsOverall 21 strains of bacteria (including Mycoplasma and Chlamydia) were detected in the child patients and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 8.24%, with a major pathogen of Streptococcus penumoniae (52.38%).Totally 35 patients were positive to pathogenic viruses and the viral detection rate was 13.73%;the major pathogenic virus deteted was human adenovirus (37.14%), followed by human parainfluenza virus (22.86%).The detection rate of viruses was significantly higher than that of bacteria (χ2=3.932, P < 0.05).More bacterial positive samples were detected in July, August and September of a year and virus positive samples in October to December of a year.The bacterial and viral detection rates were 8.67% and 13.33% for the male patients and 7.61% and 14.29% for the female.There were no significant gender differences in the detection rates (P < 0.05). Conclusion The major pathogens related to febrile respiratory syndrome were human adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus among children in Qinghai province.
Comparisons of prevalence, knowledge and self-management of diabetes among unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province
SU Rong, CAI Le, CHENG Wen-ru.et al
2016, 32(7): 913-916. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-09
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Objective To compare differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and self-management of diabetes among four unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. Methods A representative sample of 5 532 ethnic minority residents aged ≥35 years were selected with multi-stage stratified random sampling from Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups in Yunnan province.Information were obtained using a standard questionnaire and physical examination. Results Among the Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups, the standardized prevalence of diabetes was 3.9%, 2.7%, 7.6%, and 4.3% and the diabetes awareness rate was 55.7%, 66.7%, 56.1%, and 41.6% ;among the diabetes patients identified, the treatment rate was 39.1%, 29.1%, 41.9%, and 30.8% and the control rate was 21.9%, 20.5%, 23.2%, and 12.8% for the 4 ethnic groups, respectively.The Dai residents had the highest prevalence rate, whereas the Lisu residents had the lowest (P < 0.05).The Lisu residents had the highest awareness rate, whereas Jingpo residents had the lowest (P < 0.05).The Dai residents had the highest treatment rate and the Lisu residents had the lowest (P < 0.05).Among all the diabetic patients, the rates of blood glucose self-monitoring was 55.0%, 12.5%, 39.7%, and 20.0% and the rate of compliance to anti-diabetic drugs was 60.0%, 41.7%, 82.1%, and 68.0% for the Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups, respectively.The highest blood glucose self-monitoring rate was observed in the Naxi patients whereas the lowest in the Lisu patients(P < 0.05);additionally, the highest rate of compliance to anti-diabetic drugs was observed in the Dai patients, whereas the lowest in the Lisu patients (P < 0.05).There was no significant differences in taking diabetes control measures such as diet control, weight control or weight loss, and smoking cessation among different ethnic diabetic patients (P >0.05). Conclusion There are significant ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment and self-management and the rate of diabetes awareness, treatment, control and self-management are at a low level among the Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups in Yunnan province.
Alcohol drinking behavior and its relationship with AIDS related factors amoang MSM in Mianyang city
WANG Yi, LI Liu-lin, FAN Jing.et al
2016, 32(7): 961-964. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-22
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Objective To study the status quo of alcohol drinking behavior and its relationship with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related factors among the men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A anonymous questionnaire survey and blood test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infection were conducted among 402 MSM recruited with snowball sampling in Mianyang city during September 2012 and March 2013. Results Of the MSM, 44.0% reported alcohol drinking; of the alcohol drinkers during the previous 6 months, 26.0% and 30.5% reported alcohol drinking frequency of ≤1 and 2-3 times per month; 24.3%, 5.1%, and 3.4% reported the frequency of 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 times per week; and 10.7% reported having alcohol drinking ≥1 time per day.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the independent factors of alcohol drinking included education level (odds ratio [OR]=0.352, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:0.166-0.747), having unsafe anal sex in the latest homosexual activity (OR=3.351, 95%CI:1.131-9.925), having heterosexual activity during latest 6 months (OR=2.800, 95%CI:1.017-7.706), having anal sex 3 times or more during the latest 6 months (OR=2.339, 95%CI:1.003-5.453), and smoking (OR=0.372, 95%CI:0.175-0.790); there were significant interactions among smoking, alcohol drinking, and unsafe homosexual anal sex (P=0.047). Conclusion Alcohol drinking is prevalent and has impacts, synergistically with smoking, on high risk AIDS-related behaviors among MSM in Mianyang city;the results suggest that intervention on alcohol drinking among MSM is important for the control of AIDS.
Pathogen detection for viral diarrhea among infants in Lulong county of Hebei province, 2010-2014
GUO Jian-hui, TANG Jing-yu, YAN Xiao-feng.et al
2016, 32(7): 968-971. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-24
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Abstract:
Objective To study pathogens of viral diarrhea among infants in Lulong county of Hebei province. Methods Medical records of all diarrhea patients aged less than 5 years and hospitalized in Lulong County Hospital during 2010 and 2014 were collected and stool specimens of the inpatients were collected for viral pathogen detection with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and revere-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results For the 1 889 stool specimens detected, the overall virus positive rate was 72.1 %(1 356)and the positive rate of human rotavirus(HRV), human caliciviruses(HuCV), adenovirus(AdeV), and astrovirus(AstV)were 45.0%(846), 18.3%(344), 6.3%(119), and 2.5%(47), respectively.More positive specimens were detected during December to January of the next year for HRV, January to March in a year for HuCV, November to April of the next year for AdeV, and February to March in a year for AstV.More than or near one third of the HRV, HuCV, and AstV positive cases were aged 12-17 months, with the proportion of 38.1%, 32.6%, and 38.2%;while more than one fifth (21.8%)of AdeV positive cases were aged 9-11 months.The dominant serotype of HRV strains identified was G9 (57.1%), with a dominant genotype of P[8];the dominant serotype of the HuCV strains was GⅡ. Conclusion HRV is a main pathogen of diarrhea among infants in Lulong county of Hebei province from 2010 to 2014.
Progress in researches on health effects of chlorpyrifos: a review
DAI Hong-mei, DENG Yuan-ying, ZHANG Chen.et al
2016, 32(7): 995-998. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-07-32
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Abstract:
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide most widely used all over the world.With environmental durability and bio-accumulation, CPF enters human body through water, food, living environment, and even ambient air and distributes into blood and saliva.CPF could affect nervous, immune, reproductive, and endocrine system, and even affect the growth of a fetus.CPF could induce acute poisoning symptoms by cholinergic toxic effect.In addition, CPF could cause genetic toxicity, such as DNA damage, gene mutation, and chromosome aberration, inducing cell canceration and increasing the risk of lung cancer and leukemia.Due to disturbing immune system and changing levels of endocrine hormones such as sex and thyroid hormone, CPF could affect gametes function, interfere with embryo formation and evolution, and lead to a series of birth defects and diseases.In the case of exposure to CPF during the early stage of brain development, CPF could have long term effects on structure and function of nervous system and even increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease.Therefore, the reduction of CPF use and exposure is of great significance for health maintenance of human beings.