珠海市1993~2002年传染病流行病学分析
Epidemiological analysis on infectious diseases between floating population and inhabitant of Zhuhai during 1993-2002
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摘要:目的 分析珠海特区进一步改革开放10年来法定传染病发病趋势, 探讨流动人口与暂住人口对珠海市传染病发病的影响及其防治对策。方法 收集1993~2002年珠海市常住人口与暂住人口传染病发病资料, 分年度按病种进行比较分析, 描述2类人口不同的发病特点和预防控制对策。结果 近10年来, 珠海市法定传染病发病总体呈逐年下降趋势, 其中常住人口传染病发病率呈平稳下降, 从410.01/10万下降到200.61/10万, 暂住人口则从745.39/10万高峰值陡然下降到200.27/万, 但暂住人口发病数占总发病的比重逐年增加。疟疾、新生儿破伤风、麻疹发病率已控制在较低水平, 暂住人口在1993~1996年曾处于发病高峰, 1997年虽迅速下降, 但始终高于常住人口, 并均有显著性差异; 暂住人口新生儿破伤风从1995年开始连续8年在总发病中的比重超过90%, 麻疹有7年超过60%, 疟疾有9年超过85%。性传播疾病发病率在2类人口中均呈上升趋势, 在所有传染病中增幅最大, 淋病成为主要传染病发病之首, 其中暂住人口的发病增长速度更快, 发病率在1996年达到峰值, 发病构成占25%~35%, 其中淋病占总发病的60%, 梅毒每年以50%的速度递增。结论 10年来, 我市传染病防制成效显著, 但流动人口与暂住人口的传染病防控工作仍不可掉以轻心; 性传播性疾病的预防与控制是面临的一个新课题; 流动人口中流动儿童计划免疫仍很薄弱, 应采取综合治理对策。Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemic status of the morbidity of legal infectious diseases within the 10 years since Zhuhai S.E.Z.'s transforming and opening to the world; to discuss the influences of the morbidity rate of infectious diseases in Zhuhai's floating population, to provide scientific basis for prevention and control.Methods To collect the records of the morbidity of legal infectious diseases in Zhuhai's floating population and the inhabitant; to carry out their epidemiological analysis according to disease types and ages, and to describe the epidemiological characterist ic as well as the prevention and control measures.Results Generally speaking, the morbidity rate tendency of infection diseases reduced within the 10 years.Among all the Zhuhai's populations, the morbidity rate in the inhabitant reduced steadily, from 410.01 per hundred thousand to 200.61 per hundred thousand while those in floating population suddenly reduced from 745.39 per hundred thousand to 200.27 per hundred thousand.But the ratio of the infection diseases in floating population increased among the total year by year.Malaria, the newborn tetanus and measles were controlled.From 1993 to 1996, such disease were at morbidity climax; in 1997 the morbidity rate dropped greatly, but it still stayed much higher than that of inhabitant with a significant difference.Successively in 8 years from 1995, the ratio of the new born tetanus in floating population was over 90% among the total morbidity; that of measles was over 60% in 7 years while that of malar ia was over 85% in 8 years.In the two populations, the mor bidity of STD was rising most greatly among all the infectious diseases.Gonorrhea was mainly at the top.The morbidity rate of infectious diseases in floating population grew much more rapidly and in 1996, it reached its peak, among which, gonorrhea was 60% and syphilis growed at a velocity of 50% annually.Conclusion Notable achievements was achieved in controlling infectious diseases in the past ten years.But, our attention and guard cannot be lowed down in controlling infectious diseases in floating population.It was new to us to prevent and control STD.Much attention was not paid to the planned child immunity of floating population, ther efore comprehensive management measures should be taken.
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