Objective   To study psychological factors affecting condom use among unlicensed protitutes using social cognitive theory and to provide some valuable information for the relevanthealth intervention.

  Methods   All female workers who were working in the Kala-OK places were sampled and surveyed one-to-one by the structured questionnaires in one county of Guangxi.

  Results   One hundred and seventy-six questionnaires were obtained and 120 questionnaires were qualified.Respondents'self-efficacy in condom use and their positive expectation on condom use were the determinants of the condom use, which can explain 12.8% of the variation in condom use among unlicensed prostitutes.The effect of self-efficacy on condom use was greater than that of positive expectation.The social influence and respondents'negative expectation on condom use did not enter the model of predicting condom use.

  Conclusion   The health intervention program should be focused on improving self-efficacy and positive functions of condom use among unlicensed prostitutes.