Abstract: Under the basis of epidemiological in vestigation on diabetes mellitus(DM)in the community population,a 1∶2 Matched Case-control Study was conducted in 199 female patients.Simple and multilple conditional logistic regression analys is was used to demonstrate the affecting factors of DM in females.The results showed that the history of hypertension,obesity(WHR or BMI),and the family history of DM was the main risk factors of diabetes mellitus in females(P<0.01),the odds ratio(OR)were 1.36,1.60 and 2.39,respectively.WHR which can indicate the degree of central fat distribution,was more dangerous variable as obesity to DM than BMI.Meanwhile,the fresh fruits and occupational physical activities were the protective factors of DM.The results can be used to population prevention and treatmen t of DM in comm unity level.