Abstract: A 1:2 matched case-control study on 98 uterine leiomyomas patients diagnosed in the recent two years was carried out.22 factors were investigated and analysised by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regession model.The results showed that artificial precpitation、medication of aviod pregnancy、genetic fartor、pudenda road inflammation.Uterine inner membrane inflammation、appendix inflammation were the main risk factors of uterine leiomyomas.