Abstract: Objective To understand smoking status and the relationships between stress and smoking behavior among adolescents in Xi'an city and to provide the basis for prevention of adolescent smoking. Methods Totally 1 028 students from 8 middle or high schools in 6 districts of Xi'an city were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey.The information collected included interpersonal relationship,study achievement,punishment,loss of property and family members,health status,and adaptation.Single-factor χ² test,independent sample t test and multivariate logistic regression were adopted in data analysis. Results The ever smoking rate was 34.1%(50.8% for boys and 1.0% for girls).The scores of middle school students for interpersonal relationship(8.72±3.78),loss of property or family members(4.04±3.08),health status (4.37±4.90),and adaptation(5.05±3.70)were significantly higher than the average scores of other students.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that male(adds ratioOR=9.351),in the second year of middle school (OR=2.356),interpersonal relationship(OR=1.430),study burden(OR=1.778),punishment(OR=2.518),loss of family member or property(OR=1.693),health and adaptation,and other stress(OR=4.368)were risk factors of smoking behavior among the students. Conclusion Smoking behavior and stress is closely related among the adolescents in middle and hight schools.