Abstract: Objective To examine the hospitalization situation of farmer patients from different economic areas of Heilongjiang province,and to analyze major influence factors of the famer patients'hospitalization. Methods Totally 9 740 rural residents were selected with cluster sampling for a questionnaire survey in 2009.The hospitalization rate,the cost of hospitalization,and the factors related to admission were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The farmers from the areas with best economic status had the highest hospitalization rate of 7.14%.The hospitalization rates among male farmers from the areas of different economic level were significantly different(P<0.05).There were significant differences in reasons of no admission among different kinds of medical institutions(P<0.05).The financial difficulty was the main reason for no admission with the proportions of 71.67%,66.46%,and 58.08%among the farmer patients from low,moderate,and high economic level county.Among the farmer patients without hospitalization for essential treatment,there were 94(74.61%), 124(78.48%),and 111(67.68%)considering the price of the medicine being too high according to the low,moderate,and high economic level of their residential areas,respectively. Conclusion The farmers living with better economic conditions have a higher hospitalization rate,and financial difficulty and high price of medicine are major influence factors for farmer patients without necessary hospitalization in Heilongjiang province.