Abstract: Objective To examine the status of mental health and its influence factors among rural left-behind children in Hubei province. Methods Stratified multistage cluster randomization was adopted to choose 1 672 left-behind students of 5 to 9 grades from primary and middle schools in the rural of Hubei province.The Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)was used to determine psychological health status of the students. Results The prevalence of positive symptoms of SCL-90 among the students was 27.8% (95% confidence intervalCI:25.62%,29.91%).There were significant differences in the prevalence between the students of different gender,working status and place of their parents.Multiple logistic regression model indicated that the students with their fathers having high education(odds ratioOR=0.669,95% CI:0.461,0.972) and regular job(OR=0.552,95% CI:0.317,0.962)had a lower prevalence and the lodging students had a higher prevalence(OR=1.710,95% CI:1.054,2.772). Conclusion The schoolboys and lodging students are prone to have psychological health problem than the others.The education level of farther and working status of the parents are correlated with mental health status of primary and middle school students in rural area.