Abstract: To examine the relationship between injury and psychosocial ability deficit among urban and rural middle school students in Liuzhou city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.MethodsA total of 1 517 urban students and 717 rural students were selected from middle schools in Liuzhou city with stratified cluster sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of injuries in the rural students(30.82%)was significantly higher than that in the urban students(21.09%)(χ²=24.58,P<0.01).The prevalence of injuries in junior school students was 30.21% and higher than that in senior high school students(18.41%)(χ²=41.69,P<0.01);the male students had a higher injury prevalence than the famale students(29.67% vs 19.79%,χ²=28.86;P<0.01).The results of logistic regression analyses showed that admission of ability for adventure(odds ratio〔OR〕for urban students=1.74,OR for rural students=1.96),showing bravery(OR=2.30 for the urban,OR=3.01 for the rural),irritalility(OR=2.54 for the urban, OR=1.98 for the rural),strong dependency(OR=1.46 for the urban,OR=1.91 for the rural),and inclining to impulse (OR=2.10 for the urban,OR=2.01 for the rural)were the risk factors for injuries among the students.ConclusionThe occurrence of injury among middle school students is associated with psychosocial ability deficit.