Objective To analyze hepatitis B vaccination prevalence and its influencing factors among rural residents in Beijing and to provide evidences for promoting hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) vaccination and policy-making for hepatitis B prevention and control.

Methods We conducted a household survey among 2 556 residents aged 16 years and above randomly selected in 3 villages in a district of Beijing from January 2011 to April 2012. A structured questionnaire with closed questions was used in the survey. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data collected.

Results The mean age was 39.8 years for the 2 006 respondents (1 004 50.05% males and 1 002 49.95% females) with valid information; the HBV vaccination rate was 29.86% and the rate was 30.38% and 29.34% for the male and female respondents. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that the HBV vaccination rate was correlated positively with annual household income per capita and the level of knowledge about hepatitis B but inversely the increment of age and the time required for reaching a nearest medical institution among the respondents (P < 0.01 for all). The occupational groups with the vaccination rate in a descendant order were students, high to from student, jobholder, individual industrialists and businessman, temporary workers, and farmers (P < 0.01).

Conclusion Among rural residents in Beijing, the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine is relatively low in temporary worker and farmers and elder age, low income, knowledge about hepatitis B are major hindering factors for having the vaccination and the accessibility of health service also affect the vaccination rate.