青海省西宁市棘球蚴病流行情况调查

程时磊; 王虎; 马霄; 张静宵; 蔡辉霞; 王永顺; 刘玉芳; 马俊英; 刘培运; 雷雯

doi:10.11847/zgggws1114078

摘要:

目的了解青海省西宁市人与动物棘球蚴病的流行情况。

方法 2012年6 — 8月，在青海西宁市城东区、城西区、城北区、城中区、大通县、湟源县、湟中县等4区3县各抽取2～3个乡镇，对 ≥ 1岁常住居民进行B超检查，调查人群患病情况。牲畜棘球蚴病采用内脏剖检法调查，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测现场随机采集的无主犬粪抗原。

结果 B超检查22 604人，棘球蚴病患病率为0.03 %（6/22 604）。湟源县棘球蚴病患病率最高为0.16 %（5/3197）。女性棘球蚴病患病率为0.02 %（2/12 035）低于男性棘球蚴病患病率0.04 %（4/10 569）（P > 0.05）。农民棘球蚴病患病率高为0.05 %（6/12 128）。不同年龄组中以50～60岁、60～70岁和 > 70岁人群棘球蚴病患病率较高，分别为0.03 %（1/3 386）、0.09 %（3/3 488）和0.10 %（2/2 071）。文盲和小学文化程度棘球蚴病患病率高，分别为0.06 %（2/3 355）和0.04 %（4/9 386）。藏族棘球蚴病患病率最高0.15 %（2/1 320），其次为回族0.10 %（1/956）。不同地区间棘球蚴病患病率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），不同性别、年龄、民族、职业和文化程度间棘球蚴患病率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。调查终宿主犬粪2 260份，棘球蚴感染率10.58 %（239/2 260）；不同地区终末宿主的检测结果之间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。

结论人群棘球蚴病防治仍存隐患，犬棘球蚴病感染率较高，是人群棘球蚴病感染的主要原因。

Abstract:

Objective To examine the prevalence of human and animal hydatid disease in Xining municipality of Qinghai province.

Methods We selected 2 to 3 villages and towns in 4 districts and 3 counties of Xining municipality, Qinghai province for the study between June and August 2012. Echinococcosis among the permanent residents aged ≥ one year old was detected with B-type ultrasonic examination. Livestock echinococcosis was confirmed with visceral autopsy. Echinococcus cyst related antigen in field-collected dog feces samples was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results Of the 22 604 residents receiving B-type ultrasonic examination, 6 were identified having hydatid cysts, with a morbidity rate of 0.03% (6/22 604). The highest county-specific prevalence rate of hydatid disease was 0.16% (5/3 197). The prevalence rate echinococcosis in the female residents was 0.02% (2/12 035) and was lower than that (0.04% 4/10 569) in the male residents. The prevalence rate of hydatid disease was 0.05% (6/12 128) among the farmers. The prevalence rate of echinococcosis was higher for the residents aged 50 – 59, 60 – 69, and more than 70 years. The prevalence rate of echinococcosis was 0.06% (2/3 355) and 0.04% (4/9 386) among the illiterate residents and the residents with primary school education. The prevalence rate of echinococcosis was 0.15% (2/1 320) and 0.10% (1/956) among the Tibetan and Hui residents. Among the residents, the prevalence rate of hydatid disease differed significantly by living region (P < 0.05) but did not significantly differ by gender, age, and ethnic group, occupation, and education level (P > 0.05 for all). For the 2 260 canine dung samples detected, the infection rate of echinococcus was 10.58% (239/2 260) and there were significant differences in the detection rate for the samples collected in different regions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion In Xining municipality, there still is a risk of echinococcosis epidemic among residents mainly due to the high echinococcus infection rate of dogs.

青海省西宁市棘球蚴病流行情况调查

Prevalence of echinococcosis in Xining municipality of Qinghai province