Objective  To explore the status and major influencing factors of preconception depression and anxiety among reproductive-age women intending to have a second child.

  Methods  We conducted a questionnaire survey among 904 reproductive-age women intending to have a second child recruited from attendees of free pre-pregnancy health check at six cities in Jiangxi, Shandong, and Guangdong province between June and October 2016. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were adopted in the survey.

  Results  Of the participants, 25.77% were identified with depression symptoms (18.47%, 6.42%, and 0.88% with mild, moderate, and severe depression symptoms) and 13.05% were identified with anxiety symptoms (10.40%, 1.99%, and 0.66% with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety symptoms), respectively. The positive proportion of depression and anxiety differed significantly by occupation and monthly income among the participants (both P < 0.001). The results of multivariate regression analysis revealed significant influences of monthly income and the gender of the first child on depression symptoms, and significant influences of monthly income, whether having cesarean delivery for the first child, whether with someone taking care of the child, and the first child's gender on anxiety symptoms in the participants.

  Conclusion  The occurrence of preconception depression and anxiety is affected by monthly income and the first child's gender among reproductive-age women intending to have a second child.