Abstract: The incidence of food allergy among infants is increasing year by year recently. Food allergy often leads to other immunological diseases, causing heavy burdens on families and societies. At present, the main method to prevent and control food allergy is food avoidance. But untargeted food avoidance is not only likely to increase the risk of food allergy but also easily to cause malnutrition in infants and children. We summarized effects of three nutrients (protein, lipid and vitamin) on food allergy in infants and young children for helping pregnant women as well as infants to prevent food allergy more scientifically and reasonably, and to adjust diet structure according to the different food. The review also provides some references for the study and improvement to prevent and control food allergy.