Objective  To explore dietary patterns and their associations with the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) among adult residents in Fujian province and to provide evidences for developing interventions on HUA.

  Methods  Questionnaire survey on health status and dietary behavior, physical examination, laboratory detection were conducted among 2 666 adult residents (≥18 years old) selected with stratified random sampling from 10 districts and counties in Fujian province between October and December, 2015. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns in the participants and logistic regression model and classification tree model were adopted to analyze the relationships between HUA prevalence and dietary patterns and other influential factors.

  Results  Among the participants, 666 were diagnosed with HUA and the prevalence and standardized prevalence of HUA was 24.98% and 25.40%. Factor analysis revealed four dietary patterns in the participants, including traditional, meat, coastal, and high-quality protein pattern, with the corresponding eigenvalue of 1.978, 1.201, 1.082, and 1.015, respectively, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the four patterns was 48.054%. The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression demonstrated that meat and costal dietary pattern were risk factors for HUA after adjusting for gender, age, residential area, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia; compared to the participants with lower meat or coastal dietary pattern score (in the first quartile), those with higher meat dietary pattern score (in the second or higher quartile) had a 1.41 (95% confidence interval 95% CI: 1.08 – 1.85) times of HUA risk and those with higher coastal dietary pattern score (in the fourth quartile) had a 1.62 (95% CI: 1.20 – 2.18) times higher risk of HUA, respectively. Classification tree model analysis revealed that overweight, obesity, male gender, coastal dietary pattern, living in coastal areas, and aged 30 years and older were risk factors for HUA in the participants.

  Conclusion  Coastal dietary pattern is significantly correlated with the incidence of HUA among adult residents in Fujian province; promoting healthy dietary pattern could play an important role for the prevention of hyperuricemia.