出生体重对6～23月龄婴幼儿体格发育和贫血影响

李辉霞; 郑剑飞; 黄广文; 肖娟; 王爱华; 冯娜; 胡杨

doi:10.11847/zgggws1118930

出生体重对6～23月龄婴幼儿体格发育和贫血影响

Effects of birth weight on growth and development and anemia among 6 – 23 months old infants in rural Hunan

摘要

摘要:
目的了解湖南省农村地区低出生体重和巨大儿的发生情况，分析出生体重对6～23月龄婴幼儿体格发育和贫血的影响。
方法 2017年10 — 12月在湖南省农村地区采用多阶段抽样和按乡级规模大小成比例的概率抽样相结合的方法随机抽取3 630名6～23月龄婴幼儿作为研究对象，进行问卷调查并测量其身长、体重和末梢血红蛋白，通过Z评分法评估婴幼儿体格发育状况，并运用logistic回归模型分析出生体重对婴幼儿体格发育和贫血的影响。
结果湖南省农村地区低出生体重发生率为4.10 %（149/3 630），巨大儿发生率为6.72 %（244/3 630）。低出生体重组婴幼儿生长迟缓率、低体重率和消瘦率分别为22.82 %、14.09 %和6.04 %，明显高于正常出生体重组（4.97 %、2.35 %和2.13 %）和巨大儿组（0.82 %、0.82 %和0.41 %）；低出生体重是婴幼儿生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦的危险因素，其OR值分别为7.91、6.25和3.07。巨大儿组婴幼儿超重肥胖率为25.82 %，明显高于低出生体重组（4.70 %）和正常出生体重组（13.04 %），巨大儿是婴幼儿超重肥胖的危险因素，其OR值为2.27。低出生体重组、正常出生体重组和巨大儿组婴幼儿贫血率分别为25.50 %、29.10 %和25.41 %，差异无统计学意义，出生体重与婴幼儿贫血的发生无关。
结论出生体重与婴幼儿体格发育密切相关，低出生体重将增加婴幼儿营养不良的发生风险，巨大儿将增加婴幼儿超重肥胖的发生风险。

Abstract:
Objective To examine the incidence of low birth weight and macrosomia in rural Hunan province, and to analyze effects of birth weight on growth and development and anemia among infants aged 6 – 23 months.
Methods A total of 3 630 infants aged 6 – 23 months in rural Hunan province were randomly selected with multistage sampling and probability proportion to size sampling at township-level. Questionnaire survey, body length and weight measurement, and peripheral blood hemoglobin detection were conducted among the participants between October and December 2017. Z-scores were used to evaluate the growth and development, and logistic regression model was used to adjust confounding factors for analyzing the effects of birth weight on growth and development and anemia.
Results The incidence of low birth weight was 4.10% (149/3 630) and that of macrosomia was 6.72% (244/3 630) for all the infants. Compared to those with normal birth weight or macrosomia, the infants with low birth weight had obviously higher prevalence rate of stunting (22.82% vs. 4.97% or 0.82%), underweight (14.09% vs. 2.35 % or 0.82%) and wasting (6.04% vs. 2.13% or 0.41%), suggesting that low birth weight was a risk factor for stunting (odds ratio OR = 7.91), underweight (OR = 6.25) and wasting (OR = 3.07). The prevalence rate of overweight/obesity was remarkably higher among infants with macrosomia than among those with low birth weight and normal birth weight (25.82% vs. 4.70% and 13.04%), indicating that macrosomia was a risk factor for overweight/obesity (OR = 2.27). The detection rate of anemia rate was 25.50%, 29.10%, and 25.41% among the infants with low birth weight, normal birth weight, and macrosomia, respectively, without significant difference in the rate among the three groups.
Conclusion There is a close association between birth weight and infants′ growth and development. Low birth weight could increase the risk of malnutrition among infants compared to normal birth weight, and macrosomia could increase the risk of overweight/obesity. Birth weight is not correlated with anemia in infants.

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