Objective  To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignancies among the residents living in the areas covered by cancer registry in Jiangxi province between 2010 and 2017.

  Methods  We collected the data of 2010 – 2017 on population, incidence and mortality of malignancies, and death registration for populations in 12 counties or districts covered by the National Cancer Registry in Jiangxi province. Then we calculated the incidence, mortality, age-standardized rate of malignancies and potential years of life lost (PYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL), and years of life lost (YLL) due to malignancies during the 8-year period in the 12 regions.

  Results  For the 12 regions during the period, the crude incidence rate of malignancy was 204.43/100 000 and the age standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population in 2000 (ASIRC) was 167.49/100 000; the incidence rate was significantly higher in the males than in the females (P < 0.01) and higher in urban regions than in rural regions (P < 0.01). The crude mortality rate of malignancies was 125.68/100 000 and age standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population in 2000 (ASMRC) was 99.87/100 000; the mortality rate was higher in the males than in the females (P < 0.01) and higher in rural regions than in urban regions (P < 0.01). The figures of life lost due to malignancies were 382 977 person-years for PYLL, 27.42‰ for PYLLR, and 11.14 years for AYLL, respectively. The top five malignancies causing premature deaths of the residents were liver, lung, stomach, colorectal cancer and leukemia. The top two malignancies resulting higher AYLLs were leukemia (23.56 years) and liver cancer (14.47) years. During the period in the females, the incidence rate of malignancies was relatively stable (P > 0.05), while the mortality of malignancies increased first and then decreased (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion  In regions covered by National Cancer Registry in Jiangxi province, malignancies of lung, liver, stomach, colorectum, and esophagus are main cancers among general population and breast and cervical cancer are the main cancers in female residents and there are gender differences in the prevalence of the malignancies in populations in these regions. The results should be concerned in cancer control.