Knowledge about anti-discrimination laws and regulations and assertion of rights among chronic hepatitis B patients in four provinces of China
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摘要:
目的 了解中国慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者反歧视法律及政策知晓情况、维权意识及其相关因素,为探究提高反歧视维权意识策略提供依据。 方法 2017年1 — 4月采用自制问卷调查中国4个省份的797例慢性乙肝患者,对3项反歧视法律及政策的了解情况和维权意识,使用χ2检验探究法律及政策知晓情况与维权意识的关系及可能的相关因素。 结果 分别有39.55 %(297/751)、40.21 %(302/751)、56.99 %(428/751)的患者知晓该3项法律及政策,仅9.46 %(73/772)的患者有维权意识,仅0.91 %(7/772)的患者曾真正请求过相关组织或机构帮助解决问题;至少知晓1项法律及政策的慢性乙肝患者的维权意识是不知晓者的2.78倍,二者维权意识差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 20.406,P < 0.001);居住在北京地区、31~40岁、更高学历、医务工作者、学生、教师及科研人员较其他患者有更高的法律及政策知晓程度(P < 0.05),高学历的患者有更高的维权意识,且差异有统计学意义(P = 0.006)。 结论 虽然知晓乙肝反歧视法律及政策的慢性乙肝患者数量较多,但是有维权意识的人较少,真正付诸行动者更少。需要提高公众整体知识水平,在就业和入学时提高法律及政策知识普及率,带动维权意识提高和进步。 Abstract:Objective To examine the knowledge about anti-discrimination regulations and awareness on patient rights protection and their associated factors among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China, and to provide evidences for enhancing the awareness of anti-discrimination actions. Methods We selected four province-level regions with different CHB prevalence as study sites and recruited 797 CHB patients in one or two hospitals in each of the four regions with convenient sampling for a face-to-face interview on the awareness of the three anti-discrimination laws and patient rights protection using a self-designed questionnaire during January – April 2017. Chi-square test was used to explore the relationship between the awareness and their associated factors. Results The proportions of the respondents reporting the awareness of one of the three anti-discrimination laws were 39.55% (297/751), 40.21% (302/751), and 56.99% (428/751), respectively; only 9.46% (73/772) of respondents reported being aware of patient rights protection and 0.91% (7/772) of the respondents reported asking for help from relevant organizations or agencies to solve discrimination-related issues. The respondents being aware of at least one of the three laws reported a 1.78 times higher ratio of having consciousness of assertion of rights compared to the respondents not being aware of all the laws (χ2 = 20.406, P < 0.001). The respondents living in Beijing city, aged 31 – 40 years, with higher education, being medical workers, students, teachers and researchers reported a significantly higher awareness rate of anti-discrimination laws and regulations than other respondents (all P < 0.05). The respondents with higher education had a significantly higher consciousness of assertion of rights (P = 0.006). Conclusion Although many chronic hepatitis B patients in China were aware of anti-discrimination laws, but a small number of them had the consciousness of assertion of rights and few of them took actions related to patient rights protection. The results suggest that educations on anti-discrimination protecting CHB patients should be promoted among the public. -
Key words:
- chronic hepatitis B /
- discrimination /
- law /
- assertion of rights
1) (. 袁千里为本文并列第一作者) -
表 1 我国4省2017年调查人群乙肝反歧视法律及政策知晓情况和维权意识相关因素
变量 知晓 ≥ 1项法律 总数 c 百分比(%) Pearson χ2 P 值 有维权意识 总数 c 百分比(%) Pearson χ2 P 值 性别 男 191 478 39.96 0.032 0.857 52 493 10.55 2.919 0.088 女 100 246 40.65 17 253 6.72 合计 291 724 40.19 69 746 9.25 年龄 ≤ 30 90 214 42.06 8.511 0.037 24 222 10.81 2.639 0.451 31~40 92 201 45.77 14 207 6.76 41~50 53 169 31.36 19 175 10.86 ≥ 51 61 157 38.85 15 160 9.38 合计 296 741 39.95 72 764 9.42 文化程度 小学及以下 7 62 11.29 100.328 a < 0.001 4 64 6.25 7.636 a 0.006 初中、中专/高中 82 311 26.37 25 322 7.76 大专 66 134 49.25 10 139 7.19 本科及以上 135 210 64.29 32 213 15.02 合计 290 717 40.45 71 738 9.62 地区 北京 99 185 53.51 20.731 < 0.001 21 190 11.05 3.367 0.338 河南 56 174 32.18 16 195 8.21 广东 68 192 35.42 13 188 6.91 陕西 75 200 37.50 23 199 11.56 合计 298 751 39.68 73 772 9.46 职业 工人 def 19 65 29.23 49.515 < 0.001 3 68 4.41 10.974 0.052 农民 def 29 131 22.14 10 136 7.35 教师、科研人员 23 37 62.16 8 40 20.00 医务工作者 9 11 81.82 2 1 1 18.18 学生 17 22 77.27 4 22 18.18 其他 def 196 470 41.70 44 480 9.17 合计 293 736 39.81 71 757 9.38 注:a 趋势性χ2 值;b 四格表中某格的理论频数 < 5,进行连续性校正后的χ2 值;c 某些填写主体调查的人未填写人口学特征,仍算作有效问卷,故两主体调查总数略有不同;与教师、科研人员比较,d P < 0.05;与医务工作者比较,e P < 0.05;与学生比较,f P < 0.05。 -
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