Abstract: With the progress in treatment and nursing technology, the clinical cure rate of childhood cancer is increasing year by year and the overall survival is also prolonged significantly. However anticancer strategies can lead to long-term multiple system complications due to toxic side-effects, including cardiovascular system, lung, central nervous system, endocrine system and reproductive system, and can lead to subsequent neoplasms. Researches on long-term complications in adult survivors of childhood cancer is not enough in China. The review highlights recent advances in the fields which could provide a theoretical basis for future intervention and prevention.