海南居民口腔健康知识和习惯及其对口腔感知症状和口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

邓旎; 谢莉莉; 何祥一

doi:10.11847/zgggws1123861

海南居民口腔健康知识和习惯及其对口腔感知症状和口腔健康相关生活质量的影响

Oral health knowledge and habits and their effects on oral symptom perception and oral health related quality of life among urban and rural adult residents in Hainan province

摘要

摘要:
目的调查海南地区居民口腔健康知识和习惯，并探讨其对口腔疾病及生活质量的影响。
方法于2016年1月 — 2018年10月收集海南地区5 880名受试者资料进行横断面研究，根据收集地域不同将受试者分为城市居民2 980人、农村居民2 900人，采用面对面结构化访谈形式，收集受试者有关口腔健康知识、习惯、口腔感知症状、口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQOL）等信息，比较城市与农村居民在口腔疾病、口腔健康知识及行为等方面的差异，并采用多变量逻辑回归分析描述口腔健康知识和习惯与口腔疾病的关系。
结果城市居民发生龋齿、牙结石分别为542人（18.20 %）、715人（24.00 %），明显低于农村居民的684人（23.60 %）、、885人（30.50 %），而城市居民牙龈出血为805人（27.0 %），高于农村居民的545人（18.8 %），差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 2.937、3.11、5.651，P = 0.044、0.042、0.017）。城市居民的口腔知识得分和OHIP-14评分分别为（77.4 ± 9.6）、（38.4 ± 3.8）分，较农村居民的（66.5 ± 13.1）、（31.7 ± 4.5）分有显著提高（t = 11.451、4.062，P = 0.001、0.023）。无口腔症状居民的口腔知识得分和OHIP-14评分分别为（83.4 ± 10.6）、（40.1 ± 3.4）分，与有口腔症状的居民（60.5 ± 12.7）、（29.4 ± 4.9）分相比显著提高（t = 15.451、5.410，P = 0.001、0.011）。logistic回归分析结果显示，与感知的口腔症状有明显差异的变量分别为每天刷牙至少2次、不吸烟、每周吃甜食不超过1次和口腔知识评分 > 70分。
结论有益的口腔健康知识和习惯会对口腔疾病及OHRQOL产生正面影响。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate oral health-related knowledge and habits and their relationships to perceived oral symptoms and quality of life among urban and rural adult residents in Hainan province.
Methods Using stratified multistage random sampling, we recruited 5 880 residents aged 21 – 74 years in urban communities (n = 2 980) and rural villages (n = 2 900) in Hainan province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among the residents with a standard domestic questionnaire on oral health behaviors and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) - Chinese version for assessment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) from January 2016 to October 2018. Urban-rural differences in oral diseases, oral health knowledge and behaviors were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore relationships between oral health knowledge and habits and oral diseases.
Results Compared to the rural residents, the urban residents reported significantly lower prevalence rate of dental caries (18.20% vs. 23.60%, χ² = 2.937; P = 0.044) and calculus (24.00% vs. 30.05%, χ² = 3.112; P = 0.042) but higher prevalence rate of gingival bleeding (27.00% vs. 18.80%, χ² = 5.651; P = 0.017); the urban residents also had significantly higher oral knowledge score (77.4 ± 9.6 vs. 66.5 ± 13.1, t = 11.451; P = 0.001) and OHIP-14 score (38.4 ± 3.8 vs. 31.7 ± 4.5, t = 4.062; P = 0.023). The residents not reporting oral disease symptoms had significantly higher oral knowledge score (83.4 ± 10.6 vs. 60.5 ± 12.7, t = 15.451; P = 0.001) and OHIP-14 score (40.1 ± 3.4 vs. 29.4 ± 4.9, t = 5.410; P = 0.011) in comparison to the residents reporting oral disease symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that perceived oral symptoms were significantly influenced by brushing teeth at least 2 times a day, not smoking, eating sweet food less than one time per week, and having an oral knowledge score of greater than 70 (P < 0.05 for all).
Conclusion Adequate oral health knowledge and healthy oral habits have positive impacts on oral diseases and OHRQOL among adult residents in Hainan province.

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