Abstract: With the spread of mosquitoes around the world, mosquito-borne diseases used to be relatively confined in the past have become more and more common. Dengue fever, Chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus disease, yellow fever, and Zika virus infection are several common and emerging viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. The local mosquito species and population genetic characteristics have a potential impact on the outbreak of local mosquito-borne diseases, so mosquito identification and population genetic research are particularly important in prevention and control of the diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are the third generation genetic markers. Because of their characteristics of wide distribution, genetic stability and easy detection on a large scale, they have become the new generation DNA markers having been studied by most researches and have become the most promising molecular markers.