中国西南五省高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制地区比较

张丹薇; 杨静玮; 崔建兰; 李希; 李静; 路甲鹏

doi:10.11847/zgggws1124810

中国西南五省高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制地区比较

Regional differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among five provinces in southwest China

摘要

摘要:
目的评价中国西南5省高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制的地区差异情况，为改善当地高血压防治管理现状提供依据。
方法基于心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目，自2016年1月 — 2018年11月，通过方便抽样于西南5省选择30个项目点，并调查项目点所在地区35～75岁常住居民的心血管病患病状况。分析各地区高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制现状，并对风险标化后患病、知晓、治疗和控制率进行地区间比较。
结果研究纳入394 957名对象，高血压患者159 014名，平均年龄（58.8 ± 9.5）岁，男性占40.2 %，总体高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制率分别为40.3 %，43.7 %，29.8 % 和9.6 %。30个调查地区居民高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制率的中位数分别为40.4 %，42.6 %，29.9 % 和7.3 %；校正个体特征后的风险标化高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制率中位数分别为39.2 %，42.2 %，30.0 % 和9.6 %，风险标化后各率的地区差异仍明显存在。8个地区居民的患病率高于西南5省平均水平，主要在云南省和西藏自治区；10个地区居民知晓、治疗和控制率3者均低于西南5省平均水平。
结论中国西南5省在高血压患病、知晓、治疗和控制上存在着显著地区差异，亟需地区针对性的改进措施和对薄弱地区的重点干预。

Abstract:
Objective To examine regional differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adult residents in five provinces in southwest China and to provide evidences for improving hypertension management in the populations.
Methods The selected study sites were 10 urban regions (municipal/prefectural districts) and 20 rural regions (counties) covered by the programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High Risk Cardiovascular Diseases in 5 provinces in southwest China. Totally 395 235 residents aged 35 – 75 years in the study sites were surveyed with a questionnaire interview and blood pressure measurement from January 2016 to November 2018. The rates of awareness, prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension among the residents were analyzed and compared by study sites.
Results Among the 394 957 residents with valid information, 159 014 hypertensive patients were identified; the mean age of the hypertensives were 58.8 ± 9.5 years and 40.2% of them were male. For the residents in the 30 study sites, the overall rates of awareness, prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension were 40.3%, 43.7%, 29.8%, and 9.6%; the medians of the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates 40.4%, 42.6%, 29.9%, and 7.3% and the medians after personal characteristics-based risk-adjustment were 39.2%, 42.2%, 30.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Significant regional differences in the adjusted medians were observed. The residents in 8 study sites, mainly in Yunnan province and Tibet Autonomous Region, had a higher hypertension prevalence rate than the average level of the 5 provinces; the residents in 10 study sites had lower of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control than those for all the residents in the 5 provinces.
Conclusion Obvious regional variations exist in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among residents in southwest China, suggesting that targeted measures on hypertension management need to be developed urgently in the region.

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