Objective  To evaluate the implementation of basic public health services (BPHS) in 14 prefectures of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), and to provide references for the improvement of BPHS in Xinjiang.

  Methods  Surveillance data and annual reports on the implementation of BPHS in Xinjiang during 2018 were collected from Xinjiang Health Commission and rank sum ratio (RSR) method was adopted in the evaluation of BPHS practice.

  Results  The rate of establishing health records for community residents was greater than 80% for all the 14 prefectural administrative regions in Xinjiang and the rate was 100% for Urumqi and Bazhou prefecture. The rate of follow-up visit and health management for the newborns in all the regions were greater than 90%, except for those (87.85% and 86.83%) in Urumqi city. The registration rate of pregnancy in first trimester in all the prefectures were > 80% and the highest and the lowest rate were 95.29% and 82.75% in Urumqi and Karamay city. The rate of postpartum visit in all the regions were greater than 90%, except for that (87.80%) in Urumqi city. The rate of standard hypertension patient management in all the regions were greater than 70%, except for those (64.90% and 65.92%) in Karamay city and Tacheng prefecture; the rate of standard type 2 diabetes patient management in all the regions were greater than 70%, except for those (68.59% and 65.92%) in Turpan and Tacheng prefecture. The highest RSR value of BPHS implementation was 0.68 for Turpan city and the lowest RSR value was 0.32 for Changji prefecture; while the highest geographically regional RSR value was 0.79 for Southern Xinjiang was and the lowest was 0.50 for Urumqi city.

  Conclusion  There are item-specific and regional imbalance in the implementation of BPHS in Xinjiang, suggesting that local medical institutions should improve their BPHS according to characteristics of target population to be served.