安徽省2010 — 2018年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

陈芳; 龚磊; 侯赛; 宋丹丹; 马婉婉; 朱梦; 李青; 吴家兵

doi:10.11847/zgggws1124932

安徽省2010 — 2018年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Incident characteristics of public health emergencies in Anhui province, 2010 – 2018

摘要

摘要:
目的了解安徽省突发公共卫生事件的流行特征，为改进防控策略和措施提供参考依据。
方法收集“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“突发公共卫生事件管理系统”中已审核的2010年1月1日 — 2018年12月31日安徽省突发公共卫生事件相关数据，分析其流行特征。
结果安徽省2010 — 2018年共报告突发公共卫生事件331起（一般级别281起、较大级别49起、重大级别1起），累计发病10 774例，死亡107例；传染病类事件数和发病数分别占总事件数和总发病数的62.8 % 和72.6 %，而中毒类事件死亡数占总死亡数的74.8 %；传染病类事件中呼吸道传染病事件数占55.8 %，中毒类事件中食物中毒占69.3 %；安徽省2010 — 2018年各月均有传染病类和中毒类事件报告，传染病类事件高峰期为3 — 6月和10 — 12月，中毒类事件高峰期为7 — 9月；16个地市均有突发公共卫生事件报告，但49.6 %集中分布在合肥市、黄山市和阜阳市；突发公共卫生事件的主要发生场所为学校和托幼机构，报告事件数、发病数和死亡数分别占总事件数、总发病数和总死亡数的51.1 %、70.0 % 和0.9 %，报告事件类型中传染病类事件占91.1 %。
结论安徽省2010 — 2018年突发公共卫生事件以传染病类为主，引起死亡的主要为中毒事件，学校和托幼机构是突发公共卫生事件的高发场所。

Abstract:
Objective To describe incident characteristics of public health emergencies (PHE) in Anhui province for providing evidences to improvements in PHE prevention and control strategies.
Methods The cleared data on PHE in Anhui province from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2018 were extracted from National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the incident characteristics of the registered PHE was analyzed.
Results Totally 331 PHE were reported during the period in the province, of which, 281 and 49 were classified as minor and moderate events and only one was categorized as a major emergency. The PHE involved 10 774 disease cases and resulted in 107 deaths. For all the PHE and disease cases, 62.8% and 72.6% were contributed to infectious disease epidemics and 74.8% of all the deaths were contributed to poisonings. Among all the PHE contributed to infectious disease epidemics, 55.8% were caused by respiratory infectious diseases and 69.3% of the all poisoning-related PHE were food poisonings. The PHE reported in every month of a year from 2010 to 2018 but more PHE contributed to infectious disease epidemics were reported during March – June and October – December and more PHE contributed to poisoning were reported during July – September in a year. The reported PHE occurred in all the 16 municipalities/prefectures but 49.6% of the PHE occurred in 3 of the 16 municipalities/prefectures of the province. More than one half (51.1%) of the reported PHE and one-third (70.0%) of PHE-related disease cases, but only 0.9% of the PHE-related deaths occurred in schools or childcare facilities; for all the PHE occurred in schools or childcare facilities, 91.1% were caused by infectious disease epidemics.
Conclusion Public health emergencies were mainly caused by infectious disease epidemics but the majority of public health emergency-related deaths were due to poisoning, and schools and childcare facilities were the sites at a higher risk of public health emergency incidence in Anhui province during years from 2010 to 2018.

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