Abstract: The aim of the study is to explore the connotation of first-class discipline construction from the perspective of new medical science for providing references for the discipline construction in public health and preventive medicine. System analysis was adopted to assess status quo and existing problems in the process of first-class discipline construction. Four aspects, including faculty, talent training, scientific research and social contribution, should be considered in the establishment of interdisciplinary faculty structure for the training of practical talents and the construction of integrated disease prevention and control system. In addition, the combination of medical industry, education and research should also be concerned in first-class discipline construction of public health and preventive medicine.