中国流动人口健康教育现状及其影响因素分析

王璐瑶; 尹勤; 朱凯

doi:10.11847/zgggws1125696

摘要:

目的了解中国流动人口健康教育现状及其影响因素，为促进我国流动人口健康意识和健康水平提供参考依据。

方法收集中国2017年5月全国流动人口动态监测调查数据中在流入地时间 ≥ 6个月的154 586名 ≥ 15周岁流动人口的相关数据，应用SPSS 20.0统计软件分析中国流动人口健康教育现状及其影响因素。

结果中国在流入地时间 ≥ 6个月的154 586名流动人口中，过去1年在流入地接受健康教育者112 989人，健康教育接受率为73.1 %；其中，健康教育处于低水平者84 236人（54.5 %），中等水平者26 486人（17.1 %），高水平者43 864人（28.4 %）。健康教育内容按接受率高低依次为控制吸烟、妇幼保健/优生优育、生殖健康与避孕、突发公共事件自救、性病/艾滋病防治、慢性病防治、心理健康、结核病防治和职业病防治，接受率依次为51.5 %、51.2 %、50.5 %、42.3 %、39.7 %、37.4 %、35.8 %、33.7 % 和33.4 %。接受方式为宣传资料（纸质、影视）、宣传栏/电子显示屏、公众健康咨询、健康知识讲座、社区短信/微信/网络和个性化面对面咨询分别占85.6 %、74.8 %、45.3 %、44.6 %、40.2 % 和30.1 %。多因素有序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄30～49岁、文化程度初中及以上、婚姻状况在婚、家庭月均收入3 000～11 999元、本次流入时间2～5年、流入地区为中部和西部地区流动人口的健康教育水平较高；年龄 ≥ 50岁、户口性质为农业户口、就业身份为其他、本次流动范围为跨省流动和流入地区为东北地区的流动人口健康教育水平较低。

结论中国流动人口接受健康教育水平总体较低，年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、户口性质、就业身份、家庭月均收入、本次流动范围、本次流动时间和流入地区是流动人口健康教育水平的主要影响因素。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status and main influencing factors of health education among migrant population in China and to provide evidences for promoting health literacy of migrant population.

Methods From the dataset of China's National Migrant Population Dynamic Survey conducted in May 2017, we extracted the information on 154 586 migrants aged 15 years or older and living in a resettlement destination for more than 6 months. Statistical analysis on the collected data was performed using SPSS 20.0 software.

Results Among the migrants studied, 112 989 (73.1%) reported ever receiving health education during past one year. The number (percentage) of the migrants reporting ever received high, moderate, and low informative health education were 84 236 (54.5%), 26 486 (17.1%), and 43 864 (28.4%), respectively. The topics of health education ever received by the migrants included smoking control (reported by 51.5% of the migrants), maternal and child health/eugenics (51.2%), reproductive health and contraception (50.5%), self-rescue in public emergency (42.3%), prevention of sexually transmitted disease/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (39.7%), chronic disease prevention (37.4%), mental health (35.8%), tuberculosis prevention (33.7%), and occupational disease prevention (33.4%). The health education media reported by the migrants involved promotional materials such as paper and film (listed by 85.6% of the migrants), billboards/electronic display (74.8%), public health consultation (45.3%), health lecture (44.6%), community messaging/WeChat/networks (40.2%), and personal face-to-face consultation (30.1%). The results of multivariate ordinal logistic regression revealed that the migrants with following characteristics were more likely to have high informative health education: aged 30 – 49 years, with the education of junior high school and above, married, with an average monthly family income of 3 000 – 11 999 RMB, living in current resettlement destination for 2 – 5 years, and immigrating to regions in central or western China; while, the migrants aged 50 years and above, with a rural registered residence, having an occupation other than employer, employee or self-employed, having a cross province migration, and immigrating to regions in northeastern China were more likely to have low informative health education.

Conclusion The health education is generally at a low level and mainly influenced by age, education, marital status, type of registered residence, employment, monthly family income, years of current migration, and resettlement region among migrant population in China.

中国流动人口健康教育现状及其影响因素分析

Health education and associated factors among migrant population in China, 2017