Abstract: As one of prevailing acute cerebrovascular diseases, the morbidity and pathogenic process of stroke have been associated with air pollution, which serves as an important risk factor. In terms of duration, exposure to air pollution can be defined as long-term and short-term exposure. The impact of air pollution on the number of hospitalized patients and mortality of stroke is currently a hot topic. However, at present there is a lack of comprehensive review in China. The study aims to analyze the impact of long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution on stroke for effective prevention and control of the disease.