Objective  To evaluate implementation effect of Basic Public Health Services (BPHS) across China and to provide evidences and policy recommendations for sustainable development and implementation of BPHS.

  Methods  We retrieved relevant reports and documents published during 2009 − 2019 and conducted qualitative on-site interviews at 21 community healthcare centers in 7 municipalities across China to collect information and data on the implementation of BPHS. Donabedian quality theory was adopted to evaluate the framework, performance and outcome of BPHS implementation.

  Results  The BPHS system has been established gradually; the financing and the medication/healthcare of BPHS have been enhanced continually; the performance evaluation mechanism has been improved constantly. During the period among Chinese residents, both health condition and healthcare level were improved; the gaps in health and medication between urban and rural residents were narrowed, while grassroots capability of BPHS was somewhat upgraded. However, the dynamic adjustment mechanism for BPHS has not been established yet; the integration of medication and disease prevention was not achieved generally and the informatization for BPHS needs to be promoted at grassroots level.

  Conclusion  The Basic Public Health Service Project has achieved prominent effects on medication and healthcare in Chinese residents but the project needs to be improved in dynamic adjustment of service contents, integration of medical treatment and prevention, and community service informatization.