初中生青春发动时相与心理亚健康关联及性别差异

赵志雅; 徐慧琼; 汪姗姗; 李书琴; 蒋志成; 万宇辉

doi:10.11847/zgggws1126346

初中生青春发动时相与心理亚健康关联及性别差异

Association between puberty timing and mental sub-health and its gender differences in junior middle school students

摘要

摘要:
目的了解初中生心理亚健康发生情况，探讨青春发动时相提前和延迟与初中生心理亚健康的关联及性别差异。
方法于2015年10 — 12月选取沈阳、新乡、广州和重庆4个城市的初中生8 013人，采用《青春发育量表》及《青少年亚健康多维评定问卷》评价青春发动时相和心理亚健康情况。
结果初中生心理亚健康检出率为15.81 %，女生为17.54 %，男生为14.09 %，女生高于男生，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 17.86，P < 0.001）；情绪问题检出率为17.08 %，女生为22.14 %，男生为17.08 %，女生高于男生，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 32.54，P < 0.001）。品行问题、社会适应问题检出率分别为23.11 %、12.25 %，性别间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。多因素logistic 回归分析显示，男女生青春发动时相提前均与高水平心理亚健康及情绪问题、品行问题、社会适应问题相关联；男生青春发动时相延迟与心理亚健康无统计学关联，女生青春发动时相延迟与心理亚健康的减少有关（OR = 0.73，P < 0.01）。男生自我感知青春发动时相延迟与高水平心理亚健康及情绪问题、品行问题、社会适应问题相关（OR = 1.58、1.68、1.58、1.50，P < 0.01），女生自我感知青春发动时相延迟与品行问题的增加有关（OR = 1.31，P < 0.01）。
结论初中生青春发动时相异常与心理亚健康关联密切，并表现为一定的性别差异，关注青春发动时相提前或延迟有益于初中生心理健康的促进。

Abstract:
Objective To describe the distribution of mental sub-health in junior middle school students, and to explore the association between puberty timing and mental sub-health and gender difference in the association.
Methods Totally 8 560 junior middle school students were recruited with stratified cluster sampling in 4 cities across China for a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey conducted between October and December 2015. Puberty timing of the students were assessed with scores of Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and mental sub-health status was assessed with the Multidimensional Sub-Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (MSQA).
Results Among the 8 013 students with valid response, the detection rate of mental sub-health was 15.81%, with a significantly higher rate among the girl students than among the boy students (17.54% vs. 14.09%, χ² = 17.86; P < 0.001); the detection rate of emotional symptoms was 17.08% and the rate of girl students was significantly higher than that of body students (22.14% vs. 17.08%, χ² = 32.54; P < 0.001); and the detection rate of behavioral problems and social adaptation symptoms were 23.11% and 12.25% and there were no significant gender difference in the rates (both P > 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the early puberty timing in both the boy and girl students was associated with high levels of mental sub-health and emotional symptoms, behavioral symptoms and social adaptation problems. There was no association between delayed puberty timing and mental sub-health in boy students but delayed puberty timing was associated with the alleviated mental sub-health in girl students (odds ratio OR = 0.73, P < 0.01). In boy students, perceived delayed puberty timing was associated with high levels of mental sub-health (OR = 1.58), emotional symptoms (OR = 1.68), behavioral symptoms (OR = 1.58), and social adaptation problems (OR = 1.50) (all P < 0.01); while in the girl students, perceived delayed puberty timing was associated with increased behavioral symptoms (OR = 1.31, P < 0.01).
Conclusion Puberty timing is significantly related to mental sub-health in junior middle school students and the association differs by gender. Attention should be paid to advanced or delayed puberty timing among junior middle school students for the promotion of mental health in the students.

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