Abstract: Concerned extensively at home and abroad, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused huge social and economic burdens and posed great challenges to public health system in China. During the responses to the epidemic, many problems emerged in China′s public health emergency response system, which need to be urgently reformed. In the study, we review the development and reform process of China′s public health system and comprehensively analyze the problems in China′s public health system from the aspects of system, institution, financial guarantee, and human resource; we also discuss future direction and trend of public health system reform in China and put forward some policy recommendations for improving the system.