Prevalence and indoor environment risk factors of pneumonia among preschool children in Urumqi city: a cross-sectional survey
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摘要:
目的 探讨新疆乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童肺炎患病率及室内环境影响因素,为学龄前儿童肺炎预防和控制提供依据。 方法 采用横断面研究方法,于2019年8月,问卷调查乌鲁木齐市6个区60所幼儿园的8 153名2~7岁学龄前儿童,由家长报告肺炎的发生情况、个体及环境因素,分析个体因素与室内环境因素对学龄前儿童肺炎的影响。 结果 乌鲁木齐学龄前儿童肺炎患病率为29.5 %。多因素logistic回归结果提示,母亲怀孕至子女1岁住所装修或购置新家具(OR = 1.18,95 % CI = 1.04~1.35),家中有蟑螂、苍蝇或蚊子(OR = 1.69,95 % CI = 1.49~1.91),儿童出生至当前住所种植开花植物(OR = 1.19,95 % CI = 1.07~1.32),儿童出生至当前住所饲养宠物(OR = 1.31,95 % CI = 1.15~1.49),母亲怀孕至当前住所室内被动吸烟(OR = 1.31,95 % CI = 1.19~1.45)是儿童肺炎发病的危险因素。 结论 乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童有较高的肺炎发病风险,家长应从虫媒消杀、减少室内装修、购置新家具、被动吸烟、宠物饲养及种植开花植物等方面入手,积极改善儿童室内生活环境。 Abstract:Objective To explore the prevalence and indoor environment risk factors of pneumonia among preschool children in Urumqi city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for providing evidences to the prevention of the disease. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling, we recruited 10 000 children aged 2 – 7 years in 60 kindergartens in 6 districts of Urumqi city. Then we conducted a self-administered survey among the parents of the selected children during August 2019 using a self-designed questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and Dampness in Buildings and Health (DBH). Results Among 8 153 children with valid information provided by their parents, the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed pneumonia was 29.5%. Multivariate logistic regression results revealed that the children exposed to following indoor conditions were more likely to have pneumonia: home decoration or installation of new furniture during the period from maternal pregnancy to age of one year (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.04 – 1.35), emergence of cockroaches, flies or mosquitoes at home (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.49 – 1.91), plantation of flowering plants in the house since children′s birth (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.32), keeping pets at home since children′s birth (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15 – 1.49), and exposed to passive smoking at home (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19 – 1.45). Conclusion Pneumonia prevalence is relatively high and influenced by several indoor environment risk factors among preschool children in Urumqi city. The results suggest that some indoor conditions need to be improved for pneumonia prevention in the children. -
Key words:
- pneumonia /
- preschooler /
- indoor environment
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表 1 乌鲁木齐市不同特征学龄前儿童肺炎患病的比较(n = 8 153)
特征 调查人数 肺炎病例数 百分比(%) χ2 值 P 值 性别 男童 4235 1307 30.9 8.17 < 0.01 女童 3918 1096 28.0 民族 汉族 7081 2088 29.5 0.01 0.95 其他民族 1072 315 29.4 年龄(岁) 2~ 1151 298 25.9 12.86 < 0.01 4~ 2078 662 31.9 5~7 4924 1443 29.3 出生方式 顺产 4187 1092 26.1 47.67 < 0.01 剖宫产 3966 1311 33.1 独生子女 是 3584 983 27.4 12.88 < 0.01 否 4569 1420 31.1 合计 8153 2403 29.5 表 2 学龄前儿童肺炎与室内环境因素的单因素分析( n = 8 153)
因素 肺炎病例数 发生率(%) χ2 值 P 值 住所面积 < 75 m2 594 30.0 0.29 0.59 ≥ 75 m2 1 809 29.3 家中铺设地毯或地垫 是 263 27.4 2.26 0.13 否 2140 29.8 母亲怀孕到孩子1岁住所装修或购置新家具 是 471 34.0 16.50 < 0.01 否 1 932 28.5 家中有蟑螂、苍蝇或蚊子 是 1 991 32.6 112.35 < 0.01 否 412 20.2 家中有新风过滤机或空气净化器 是 752 29.1 0.25 0.62 否 1 651 29.6 孩子出生至当前住所种植开花植物 是 996 33.5 37.08 < 0.01 否 1 407 27.1 孩子出生至当前住所饲养宠物 是 525 37.2 48.81 < 0.01 否 1 878 27.9 母亲怀孕至当前住所室内被动吸烟 是 1162 34.0 58.14 < 0.01 否 1241 26.2 母亲怀孕至孩子1岁住所潮湿现象 是 295 33.8 8.92 < 0.01 否 2108 29.0 表 3 肺炎与室内环境变量的多因素logistic回归分析(n = 8 153)
因素 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95 % CI 母亲怀孕到孩子1岁住所装修或购置新家具 否 0.17 0.07 6.43 0.01 1.18 1.04~1.35 家中有蟑螂、苍蝇或蚊子 否 0.52 0.06 68.12 < 0.01 1.69 1.49~1.91 孩子出生至当前住所种植开花植物 否 0.17 0.05 10.51 < 0.01 1.19 1.07~1.32 孩子出生至当前住所饲养宠物 否 0.27 0.07 17.22 < 0.01 1.31 1.15~1.49 母亲怀孕至当前住所室内被动吸烟 否 0.27 0.05 29.37 < 0.01 1.31 1.19~1.45 -
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