Abstract: With the rapid development of the society and economy, the general health level has been gradually improved among Chinese population. However, with the promotion of material well-being, the daily life and living habits of the Chinese people are also changing. From infectious diseases to chronic diseases, the occurrence and development of various diseases and people′s lifestyle are closely related. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, which are closely related to increased consumption dietary salt and oil, smoking and lack of physical activity, have become important diseases affecting the health quality of Chinese residents. From the perspective of infectious diseases and chronic diseases, this review focuses on the relationship between various diseases and lifestyle, and introduces the content of healthy lifestyle from the perspective of disease prevention and control for providing new ideas and references for health promotion in Chinese population.