Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious contagious disease caused by a single infectious pathogen, which brings serious social and economic problems. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is currently the only licensed vaccine for preventing TB. However, considering the limited protective duration of the BCG vaccine, low protection ability against TB in latent TB infection, and the vaccination risk of newborns with immunodeficiency, it is imperative to study a new anti-tuberculosis vaccine. The purpose of this review is to summarize current progress in researches on new tuberculosis vaccine for different populations and to provide references for accelerating the research and development of new vaccines.