Association of parental myopia with their children′s myopic risk among pupils of grade 1 – 2 in Guangzhou city
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摘要:
目的 探究父母近视人数和程度对儿童近视的影响,为学龄儿童近视防控措施的制定提供科学依据。 方法 于2018年12月 — 2019年2月采用整群随机抽样方法,选取广东省广州市3 172名1~2年级小学生,进行散瞳后视力检查,并通过问卷调查获得学生年龄、性别、身高、体重、学习成绩、家庭经济等人口学特征和父母近视情况。 结果 1~2年级小学生眼轴平均长度为(22.9 ± 0.8)mm,平均等效球镜度数为(0.9 ± 1.1)D,总体近视率为7.5 %。父母二人均近视的儿童近视患病率(13.23 %)是父母均不近视儿童(6.99 %)的2.5倍,父亲高度近视的儿童近视率(24.7 %)明显高于母亲高度近视组(16.6 %)(P < 0.001)。多因素logistic回归调整儿童的年龄、身高、体重等因素后,父母二人均近视(aOR = 2.72,95 % CI = 1.96~3.78)、父亲高度近视(aOR = 5.54,95 % CI = 3.31~9.26),母亲高度近视(aOR = 3.10,95 % CI = 1.94~4.93)均是儿童近视的重要危险因素,并且父亲高度近视儿童的近视风险是母亲高度近视儿童的1.8倍。 结论 父母双方均为近视以及父亲或母亲是高度近视,都是影响儿童近视的重要危险因素。 Abstract:Objective To explore the impact of parental myopia on their children′s risk of myopia and to provide evidences for developing measures on myopia prevention and control in school-age children. Methods Using cluster random sampling, we recruited 3 433 students of grade 1 – 2 in 12 public primary schools in 2 districts of Guangzhou city. Visual acuity examination after mydriasis among the students and questionnaire survey on demographics and parental myopic conditions in the students′ parents were conducted during December 2018 and February 2019. Results For the 3 172 students with complete information, the average length of eye axis was 22.9 ± 0.8 mm; the average equivalent spherical lens prescription was 0.9 ± 1.1 degree; and the overall prevalence rate of myopia was 7.5%. Compared to those with neither paternal nor maternal myopia, the students with both paternal and maternal myopia had a 2.5 times higher myopia prevalence rate (13.23% vs. 6.99%). The myopia prevalence rate of the students with paternal high myopia was significantly higher in comparison to that of students with maternal high myopia (24.7% vs. 16.6%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for students′ age, height and weight, the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that paternal and maternal myopia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.72, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.96 – 3.78), paternal high myopia (aOR = 5.54, 95% CI: 3.31 – 9.26) and maternal high myopia (aOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.94 – 4.93) were significant risk factors for the students′ myopia; the results also showed that the students with paternal high myopia had a 1.8 times higher myopic risk than the students with maternal high myopia. Conclusion Parental myopia and both paternal or maternal high myopia are important risk factors for myopia in school-age children. -
Key words:
- myopia /
- primary school students /
- parental myopia
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表 1 研究对象人口学特征及近视分布情况
人口学特征 总人数 构成比(%) 近视(n = 237) 不近视(n = 2 935) χ2 值 P 值 人数 构成比(%) 人数 构成比(%) 性别 男性 1738 54.79 144 8.29 1594 91.71 3.68 0.055 女性 1434 45.21 93 6.49 1341 93.51 年级 一年级 1631 51.42 85 5.21 1546 94.79 24.81 < 0.001 二年级 1541 48.58 152 9.86 1389 90.14 成绩 较好 1428 45.02 104 7.28 1324 92.72 1.29 0.525 一般 1300 40.98 94 7.23 1206 92.77 较差 444 14.00 39 8.78 405 91.22 家庭经济 较好 323 10.18 21 6.50 302 93.50 0.57 0.752 一般 2484 78.31 187 7.53 2297 92.47 较差 365 11.51 29 7.95 336 92.05 父母近视人数 0 1450 45.71 77 5.31 1373 94.69 40.60 < 0.001 1 1087 34.27 76 6.99 1011 93.01 2 635 20.02 84 13.23 551 86.77 父亲近视程度 不近视 2109 66.49 119 5.64 1990 94.36 60.27 < 0.001 低度近视 453 14.28 38 8.39 415 91.61 中度近视 517 16.30 57 11.03 460 88.97 高度近视 93 2.93 23 24.73 70 75.27 母亲近视程度 不近视 1890 66.47 111 5.87 1779 94.13 41.08 < 0.001 低度近视 509 14.28 30 5.89 479 94.11 中度近视 616 16.29 70 11.36 546 88.64 高度近视 157 2.93 26 16.56 131 83.44 表 2 父母近视与儿童近视风险的关系
自变量 模型一 模型二 OR 值 95 % CI P 值 aOR 值 95 % CI P 值 父母近视人数 0 1.00 1.00 1 1.34 0.97~1.86 0.079 1.35 0.97~1.88 0.072 2 2.72 1.96~3.76 < 0.001 2.72 1.96~3.78 < 0.001 父亲近视程度 不近视 1.00 1.00 轻度近视 1.53 1.05~2.24 0.028 1.56 1.06~2.29 0.023 中度近视 2.07 1.49~2.89 < 0.001 2.08 1.49~2.90 < 0.001 高度近视 5.49 3.31~9.11 < 0.001 5.54 3.31~9.26 < 0.001 母亲近视程度 不近视 1.00 1.00 轻度近视 1.00 0.66~1.52 0.986 1.00 0.66~1.52 0.993 中度近视 2.05 1.50~2.81 < 0.001 2.03 1.48~2.79 < 0.004 高度近视 3.18 2.00~5.05 < 0.001 3.10 1.94~4.93 < 0.001 注:模型一为单因素logistic回归,未调整其他变量;模型二为多因素logistic回归,调整了儿童年龄、身高、体重。 -
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