Clustering of oral health risk behaviors and its influencing factors among 12-year-old children in Beijing
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摘要:
目的 了解儿童口腔健康危险行为聚集现状及影响因素,为儿童口腔健康促进提供依据。 方法 对2015年北京市第4次口腔流行病学调查中2158名12岁儿童口腔问卷数据进行分析,比较不同儿童群体口腔健康危险行为、行为聚集差异,分析口腔健康危险行为聚集的影响因素。 结果 在2158名儿童中,45.92 % 出现 ≥ 2种的口腔健康危险行为(即口腔健康危险行为聚集),男生和女生出现行为聚集的比例分别为52.36 % 和39.48 %。女生(OR = 0.58,P < 0.001)、母亲受教育程度高(本科及以上)(OR = 0.45, P < 0.001)、口腔健康知识水平高(OR = 0.64,P < 0.001)的儿童更少出现口腔健康危险行为聚集;非独生子女(OR = 1.41,P < 0.01)出现口腔健康危险行为聚集风险更高。 结论 口腔健康危险行为聚集现象在儿童群体中普遍存在,非独生和母亲受教育程度低的儿童是行为改善的重点人群。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the clustering of oral risk behaviors and its influencing factors among children and to provide evidences for promoting oral health in children. Methods The data on 2 158 children aged 12 years in 18 middle schools were extracted from the Fourth Oral Health Survey conducted during 2015 in Beijing city. The prevalence and the clustering of oral health risk behaviors among subgroups of the children were compared and factors affecting the clustering of oral health risk behaviors were explored. Results Of all the children surveyed, 45.92% reported having at least two oral risk behaviors, indicating a clustering trend in oral risk behaviors among the children. The proportion of the children with clustering of oral risk behaviors were 52.36% and 39.48% for the boys and the girls, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the children with following characteristic were less likely to have clustering of oral risk behaviors: being female (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, P < 0.001), with a maternal education of undergraduate and above (OR = 0.45, P < 0.001), and with a higher oral health knowledge (OR = 0.64, P < 0.001); while, the children being non-only child were more likely to have clustering of oral risk behaviors (OR = 1.41, P < 0.01). Conclusion The clustering of oral health risk behaviors is prevalent among 12 years old school children in Beijing, particularly among the children being non-only child and with lower maternal education. -
Key words:
- children /
- oral health /
- risk behavior /
- cluster
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表 1 儿童基本情况及口腔健康危险行为情况
变量 人数 % 零食摄入 ≥ 2次/d 刷牙 < 2次/d 未利用口腔服务 危险行为个数 人数 % 人数 % 人数 % $ \bar x \pm s $ 总体 2158 100.00 674 31.23 993 46.01 1399 64.83 1.42 ± 0.86 性别 男生 1079 50.00 332 30.77 574 53.20 743 68.86 1.53 ± 0.85 女生 1079 50.00 342 31.70 419 38.83 656 60.80 1.31 ± 0.85 P = 0.642 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 城乡 城市 1643 76.14 517 31.47 693 42.18 1039 63.24 1.37 ± 0.85 农村 515 23.86 157 30.49 300 58.25 360 69.90 1.59 ± 0.87 P = 0.675 P < 0.001 P = 0.006 P < 0.001 独生子女 是 1575 72.98 482 30.60 651 41.33 997 63.30 1.35 ± 0.85 否 583 27.02 192 32.93 342 58.66 402 68.95 1.61 ± 0.85 P = 0.300 P < 0.001 P = 0.015 P < 0.001 母亲受教育程度 初中及以下 497 23.03 159 31.99 306 61.57 356 71.63 1.65 ± 0.84 高中/中专 561 26.00 178 31.73 256 45.63 354 63.10 1.40 ± 0.87 大专 396 18.35 125 31.57 143 36.11 255 64.39 1.32 ± 0.82 本科以及上 470 21.78 139 29.57 168 35.74 265 56.38 1.22 ± 0.81 不知道 234 10.84 73 31.20 120 51.28 169 72.23 1.55 ± 0.89 P = 0.936 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 口腔知识得分 低 527 24.42 177 33.59 282 53.51 361 68.50 1.56 ± 0.84 中 1217 56.39 379 31.14 578 47.49 797 65.49 1.44 ± 0.87 高 414 19.19 118 28.50 133 32.13 241 58.21 1.19 ± 0.81 P = 0.246 P < 0.001 P = 0.004 P < 0.001 表 2 不同性别儿童口腔危险行为聚集情况分析
危险行为分布情况 总体 男性 女性 P 值 人数 % 人数 % 人数 % 无危险行为 307 14.23 125 11.58 182 16.87 < 0.001 仅零食摄入 ≥ 2次/d 158 7.32 50 4.63 108 10.01 < 0.001 仅刷牙行为 < 2次/d 195 9.04 100 9.27 95 8.80 0.707 仅未利用口腔服务 507 23.49 239 22.15 268 24.84 0.141 零食摄入 ≥ 2次/d和刷牙行为 < 2次/d 99 4.59 61 5.65 38 3.52 0.018 零食摄入 ≥ 2次/d和未利用口腔服务行为 193 8.94 91 8.43 102 9.45 0.407 刷牙行为 < 2次/d和未利用口腔服务行为 475 22.01 283 26.23 192 17.79 < 0.001 零食摄入 ≥ 2次/d,刷牙行为 < 2次/d和未利用口腔服务行为 224 10.38 130 12.05 94 8.71 0.011 危险行为聚集 a 991 45.92 565 52.36 426 39.48 < 0.001 注:a 危险行为聚集指同一个体同时出现 ≥ 2种口腔健康危险行为。 表 3 儿童口腔健康高危行为聚集性的多因素分析
影响因素 比较组 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95 % CI 性别 女生 男生 – 0.54 0.09 36.13 < 0.001 0.58 0.49~0.70 城乡 农村 城市 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.600 1.06 0.85~1.33 独生情况 非独生 独生 0.33 0.11 9.13 0.002 1.41 1.14~1.75 母亲教育程度 高中/中专 初中及以下 – 0.45 0.13 11.82 < 0.001 0.63 0.48~0.81 大专 – 0.66 0.15 19.26 < 0.001 0.51 0.38~0.69 本科及以上 – 0.80 0.15 28.85 < 0.001 0.45 0.33~0.60 不知道 – 0.31 0.17 3.38 0.074 0.74 0.53~1.03 口腔知识得分 中 低 – 0.24 0.11 4.98 0.019 0.76 0.60~0.96 高 – 0.76 0.14 28.97 < 0.001 0.64 0.51~0.81 -
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