Prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis among 6 – 18 years old children in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
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摘要:
目的 了解内蒙古自治区6~18岁儿童青少年变应性鼻炎(AR)患病现状及其影响因素,为该地区儿童青少年AR的防控和治疗提供参考依据。 方法 于2020年3 — 10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在内蒙古自治区12个盟市24个旗县抽取66 843名6~18岁儿童青少年进行问卷调查。 结果 内蒙古自治区最终调查的62 668名6~18岁儿童青少年中,患AR者10 995例,AR患病率为17.54 %;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄 ≥ 13岁、蒙古族、居住环境一般或较差、饮食类型荤食为主、有家庭过敏性疾病史以及居住在东北部、中部、中东部、中西部和西部是内蒙古自治区6~18岁儿童青少年AR患病的危险因素,女生、居住在农村或牧区和肥胖是内蒙古自治区6~18岁儿童青少年AR患病的保护因素。 结论 内蒙古自治区6~18岁儿童青少年AR患病率较高,性别、年龄、民族、地区、居住地、居住环境、饮食类型、有无家庭过敏性疾病史和是否肥胖是该地区6~18岁儿童青少年AR患病的主要影响因素。 Abstract:Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children aged 6 – 18 years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia) and to provide references for prevention, control and treatment of AR in the children. Methods With stratified multistage random sampling, a survey was conducted among 66 843 students aged 6 – 18 years from primary and high schools in urban and rural regions of 12 leagues/prefectures of Inner Mongolia during March – October, 2020. A self-designed questionnaire was completed by the students′ guardians and the students. Results Among the 62 668 students with valid responses, 10 995 (17.54%) were reported having AR symptoms. The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the students with following characteristics were more likely to have self-reported AR symptoms: aged ≥ 13 years, being Mongolian ethnic, with a general or poor living environment, having a meat-based dietary pattern, with family history of allergic diseases, and residing in the northeastern/central/central east/ central west regions of Inner Mongolia; while, the girl students and the students residing in rural or pastoral areas and being obese were less likely to have self-reported AR symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence rate of AR is high and mainly influenced by gender, age, ethnicity, residential region, living environment, dietary pattern, family history of allergic diseases and obesity among 6 – 18 years old children in Inner Mongolia. -
Key words:
- allergic rhinitis /
- prevalence /
- influence factor /
- children and adolescents
1) (闫涛为本文并列第一作者) -
表 1 内蒙古自治区不同特征6~18岁儿童青少年AR患病情况比较
特征 调查数 AR患病数 AR患病率(%) χ2 值 P 值 性别 男生 31478 5988 19.02 95.500 < 0.001 女生 31190 5007 16.05 年龄(岁) ≤ 12 33718 5355 15.88 144.527 < 0.001 13~15 19000 3633 19.12 16~18 9950 2 007 20.17 民族 汉族 33317 6190 18.58 55.876 < 0.001 蒙古族 24434 3956 16.19 其他民族 4917 849 17.27 地区 东部 48490 6815 14.05 2081.005 < 0.001 东北部 2134 538 25.21 中部 3922 904 23.05 中东部 2504 749 29.91 中西部 3377 1205 35.68 西部 2241 784 34.98 居住地 城镇 35020 7751 22.13 1155.103 < 0.001 农村或牧区 27648 3244 11.73 居住环境 较好 58886 9603 16.31 1032.166 < 0.001 一般或较差 3782 1392 36.81 饮食类型 素食为主 6846 1009 14.74 282.644 < 0.001 荤素均衡 52827 9136 17.29 荤食为主 2995 850 28.38 家庭过敏性疾病史 无 51729 6649 12.85 4508.418 < 0.001 有 10939 4346 39.73 肥胖 否 35670 6856 19.22 160.728 < 0.001 是 26998 4139 15.33 表 2 内蒙古自治区6~18岁儿童青少年AR患病影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析
因素 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95 % CI 性别 女生 男生 – 0.222 0.023 97.564 < 0.001 0.801 0.766~0.837 年龄(岁) 13~15 ≤ 12 0.269 0.026 107.692 < 0.001 1.308 1.243~1.376 16~18 0.521 0.032 272.195 < 0.001 1.684 1.583~1.791 民族 蒙古族 汉族 0.094 0.025 14.305 < 0.001 1.099 1.047~1.154 其他民族 0.038 0.043 0.774 0.379 1.039 0.954~1.131 地区 东北部 东部 0.439 0.055 62.909 < 0.001 1.551 1.391~1.728 中部 0.450 0.044 106.024 < 0.001 1.569 1.440~1.709 中东部 0.684 0.049 192.389 < 0.001 1.982 1.800~2.183 中西部 0.827 0.044 349.965 < 0.001 2.286 2.096~2.492 西部 0.941 0.05 348.936 < 0.001 2.563 2.322~2.830 居住地 农村或牧区 城镇 – 0.397 0.026 237.488 < 0.001 0.672 0.639~0.707 居住环境 一般或较差 较好 0.682 0.040 293.727 < 0.001 1.978 1.829~2.138 饮食类型 荤素均衡 素食为主 – 0.008 0.038 0.042 0.839 0.992 0.920~1.070 荤食为主 0.441 0.057 59.418 < 0.001 1.554 1.389~1.738 家庭过敏性疾病史 有 无 1.391 0.025 3166.642 < 0.001 4.018 3.828~4.218 肥胖 是 否 – 0.086 0.023 13.515 < 0.001 0.918 0.877~0.961 -
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