中国育龄女性膳食营养知识水平变化趋势及影响因素分析

樊晓莉; 孙桂菊

doi:10.11847/zgggws1135041

中国育龄女性膳食营养知识水平变化趋势及影响因素分析

Changing trend and influencing factors of nutritional knowledge among Chinese reproductive women

摘要

摘要:
目的了解中国育龄女性营养知识水平变化趋势及其影响因素，为开展针对性的营养教育工作提供理论依据。
方法利用中国健康与营养调查数据，选取2004 — 2015年有完整人口学特征及膳食营养知识调查数据的15～49岁育龄女性作为研究对象，计算各轮调查对象的营养知识水平，采用多水平logistic模型分析育龄女性营养知识的影响因素。
结果 2004 — 2015年共调查中国育龄女性13752人，其中2004年2728人，2006年2597人，2009年2528人，2011年3260人，2015年2639人。中国育龄女性营养知识水平呈逐年上升趋势（P < 0.01），从2004年的0.37 %（10/2728）增长至2015年的48.09 %（1269/2639），其中2004 — 2006年，营养知识水平平均增长速度最快（963.14 %），2006 — 2015年平均增长速度趋于平缓（2.83 %）。多水平logistic回归分析结果显示，初中（OR = 1.32，95 % CI = 1.12～1.56）、高中及以上文化程度（OR = 1.57，95 % CI = 1.32～1.86）的育龄女性营养知识水平高于小学及以下者；高收入家庭育龄女性的营养知识水平高于低收入家庭者（OR = 1.23，95 % CI = 1.10～1.38）；与西部地区育龄女性相比，中部地区（OR = 1.39，95 % CI = 1.18～1.63）和东部地区（OR = 1.90，95 % CI = 1.52～2.38）育龄女性营养知识水平更高；知道膳食宝塔或指南的育龄女性营养知识水平高于不知道者（OR = 1.35，95 % CI = 1.19～1.53）。
结论中国育龄女性的膳食营养知识水平有待进一步提升，文化程度、家庭人均年收入、地理位置、膳食宝塔或指南知晓情况是育龄女性营养知识水平的影响因素。

Abstract:
Objective To examine changing trend in nutritional knowledge and its influencing factors among Chinese reproductive women and to provide evidences for the development of targeted nutrition education.
Methods The data on complete demographic characteristics and dietary knowledge for 13 752 women aged 15 – 49 years were extracted from 5 waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted from 2004 through 2015 in 15 provincial level regions across China. The prevalence of nutritional knowledge in each of the 5 surveys were analyzed and multilevel logistic regression model was applied to investigate influencing factors of nutritional knowledge.
Results The number of women surveyed were 2 728, 2 597, 2 528, 3 260, and 2 639 in the year of 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015, respectively. In the 5 waves of the survey, the ratio of the participants with nutritional knowledge literacy increased from 0.37% (10/2 728) in 2004 to 48.09% (1 269/2 639) in 2015, with the average growth rates of 963.14% and 2.83% for the periods of 2004 – 2006 and 2006 – 2015. The results of logistic regression analysis on pooled data demonstrated that the women with following characteristics were more likely to have a higher nutritional knowledge: with the education of junior high school (odds radio OR = 1.32, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 1.12 – 1.56) or senior high school and above (OR = 1.57, 95% CI : 1.32 – 1.86) compared to those with the education of elementary school and below, with higher family annual income per capita (OR= 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10 – 1.38) versus those with the low income, living in central regions (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18 – 1.63) or eastern regions (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.52 – 2.38) in contrast to those living in western regions, and being aware of food pyramid or dietary guidelines (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.19 – 1.53) in comparison with those without the knowledge.
Conclusion Among Chinese reproductive women, the nutritional knowledge needs to be further improved and the knowledge level is mainly influenced by education, family annual income per capita, living region and the awareness of food pyramid or dietary guidelines.

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