Advances in researches on classification, host and human pathgenicity of coronavirus
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摘要: 冠状病毒(CoV)是自然界广泛存在的一种人兽共患病病毒。自从SARS暴发以来,感染人的新发CoV出现的频率不断加快,危害程度也越来越大。尤其是当前流行的新型冠状病毒肺炎,已成为了全球关注的重大公共卫生问题。本文对CoV分类、宿主动物以及所引起人的疾病进行了综述。Abstract: Coronavirus (CoV) is a kind of zoonosis virus widely existing in nature. Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the incidence of human CoV infections has increased, so as the severity of the infections. In particular, coronavirus disease 2019, which is still pandemic, has become a major public health issue of global concern. This review summarizes the classification, host of CoV and human diseases caused by CoV.
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Key words:
- coronavirus /
- classification /
- host /
- human disease
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表 1 正冠状病毒亚科病毒的分类、宿主动物、所致疾病、地理分布及发现时间
病毒属 病毒亚属 病毒种类 宿主动物 所致疾病 地理分布 发现时间 1.α-CoV 1.可乐冠状病毒亚属Colacovirus 1.蝙蝠冠状病毒CDPHE15 小棕蝙蝠(Myotis lucifugus) 尚不明确 美国、加拿大 2006 2.德卡冠状病毒亚属Decacovius 2.蝙蝠冠状病毒 HKU10 棕果蝠(Rousettus leschenaultii)、小蹄蝠(Hipposideros pomona) 尚不明确 香港、广东 2007 3.马铁菊头蝠甲型冠状病毒Hub2013 马铁菊头蝠(Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) 尚不明确 湖北 2013 3.杜维那冠状病毒亚属Duvinacovirus 4.人冠状病毒229E 蹄蝠(Hipposideros.spp)、单峰驼、人 人呼吸道感染 美国、荷兰、意大利、瑞典、加纳、沙阿拉伯、德国、肯尼亚、海地、阿拉伯联合酋长国 1966 4.鹿城冠状病毒亚属Luchacovirus 5.鹿城褐家鼠冠状病毒 褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus) 尚不明确 浙江、英国 2015 5.米纳冠状病毒亚属Minacovirus 6.水鼬冠状病毒1 水鼬(Neovison vison) 水鼬流行性卡它性肠炎 美国、荷兰、日本、中国、丹麦 1998 6.米奴那冠状病毒亚属Minunacovirus 7.长翼蝠冠状病毒1 南长翼蝠(Miniopterus pusillus)、几内亚长翼蝠(M. magnater) 尚不明确 香港 2006 8.长翼蝠冠状病毒HKU8 南长翼蝠(M. pusillus)、几内亚长翼蝠(M. magnater) 尚不明确 香港、广东、福建、云南、湖北等 2005 7.麦欧塔冠状病毒亚属Myotacovirus 9.大足鼠耳蝠冠状病毒Sax2011 大足鼠耳蝠(Myotis ricketti) 尚不明确 山西 2011 8.奈可塔冠状病毒亚属Nyctacovirus 10.绒山蝠甲型冠状病毒SC-2013 绒山蝠(Nyctalus plancyi) 尚不明确 四川 2013 11.库氏伏翼冠状病毒3398 库氏伏翼(Pipistrellus kuhlii) 尚不明确 意大利 2015 9.配达冠状病毒亚属Pedacovirus 12.猪流行性腹泻病毒 猪 猪流行性腹泻 英国、中国、加拿大、墨西哥、德国等 1978 13.高头蝠冠状病毒512 高头蝠(Scotophilus kuhlii)、单角菊头蝠(R. monoceros)、泰坦尼亚彩蝠(Kerivoula titania) 尚不明确 海南、台湾、菲律宾 2005 10.莱娜冠状病毒亚属Rhinacovirus 14.菊头蝠冠状病毒HKU2 中华菊头蝠(R. sinicus) 尚不明确 香港 2006 11.塞特拉冠状病毒亚属Setracovirus 15.人冠状病毒NL63 波斯叶鼻蝠(Triaenops.spp)、蹄蝠(Hipposideros.spp)、人 人呼吸道感染 荷兰、美国、中国、海地 2004 16.NL63相关蝙蝠冠状病毒BtKYNL63-9b 波斯叶鼻蝠(Triaenop. spp) 尚不明确 肯尼亚、韩国 2017 12.索拉冠状病毒亚属Soracovirus 17.鼩鼱冠状病毒 T14 鼩鼱(Sorex araneus) 尚不明确 英国 2016 13.萨娜冠状病毒亚属Sunacovirus 18.臭鼩冠状病毒X74 臭鼩(Suncus murinus) 尚不明确 浙江、江西 2017 14.特噶冠状病毒亚属Tegacovirus 19.甲型冠状病毒1 猫、犬、猪 猫肠炎、犬胃肠炎、猪传染性胃肠炎 美国、中国、意大利、荷兰、德国、英国、比利时、丹麦、墨西哥、巴西、西班牙 1946 2.β-CoV 15.艾姆贝冠状病毒亚属Embecovirus 20.乙型冠状病毒 1 牛、马、犬、猪、人等 牛呼吸道感染、牛血痢、人呼吸道感染、马腹泻、犬舍咳、猪脑脊髓炎 世界各地 1957 2.β-CoV 15.艾姆贝冠状病毒亚属Embecovirus 21.中国家鼠冠状病毒HKU24 褐家鼠(R. norvegicus) 尚不明确 香港、广东 2015 22.人冠状病毒HKU1 人 人呼吸道感染 世界各地 2005 23.鼠冠状病毒 小家鼠(Mus musculus)、大鼠(R. norvegicus) 小鼠肝炎或神经症状、大鼠眼部、泪腺、生殖系统病变或肺炎 世界各地 1949 24.䶄属冠状病毒2JL14 河堤田鼠(Myodes glareolus) 尚不明确 英国、波兰 2016 16.海贝冠状病毒亚属Hibecovirus 25.蹄蝠乙型冠状病毒Zhejiang2013 普氏蹄蝠(H. pratti) 尚不明确 浙江 2013 17.麦本冠状病毒亚属Merbecovirus 26.刺猬冠狀病毒1 刺猬(Erinaceus europaeus) 尚不明确 德国 2014 27.中东呼吸综合征冠状相关冠状病毒 单峰驼、人 中东呼吸综合征 沙特阿拉伯、韩国等27个国家 2012 28.伏翼蝠冠状病毒HKU5 东亚家蝠(P. abramus)、伏翼(P. pipistrellus) 尚不明确 香港、广东 2006 29.扁颅蝠冠状病毒HKU4 扁颅蝠(Tylonycteris pachypus) 尚不明确 香港 2006 18.诺本冠状病毒亚属Nobecovirus 30.黄毛果蝠蝙蝠冠状病毒C704 黄毛果蝠(Eidolon helvum) 尚不明确 中东地区 2019 31.果蝠蝙蝠冠状病毒GCCDC1 棕果蝠(R. leschenaultii) 尚不明确 云南 2016 32.果蝠蝙蝠冠状病毒HKU9 棕果蝠(R.leschenaultii) 尚不明确 广东 2006 19.萨本冠状病毒亚属Sarbecovirus 33.严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 果子狸(Paguma larvata taivana)、人 严重急性呼吸综合征 世界各地 2003 34.严重急性呼吸综合征相关蝙蝠冠状病毒 中华菊头蝠(R. affinis) 尚不明确 世界各地 2012 35.严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 尚不明确 新型冠状病毒肺炎 世界各地 2020 3.δ-CoV 20.艾德冠状病毒亚属Andecovirus 36.赤颈鸭冠状病毒HKU20 赤颈鸭(Anas penelope) 尚不明确 香港 2012 21.布尔德冠状病毒亚属Buldecovirus 37.鹎冠状病毒 HKU11 白头翁(Pycnonotus sinensis)、红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus) 尚不明确 香港 2009 38.黑水鸡冠状病毒HKU21 黑水鸡(Moorhen) 尚不明确 香港 2012 39.猪丁型冠状病毒 猪(Swine) 猪痢疾 亚洲、北美洲 2013 40.文鸟冠状病毒HKU13 文鸟(Munia) 尚不明确 香港 2012 41.绣眼鸟冠状病毒HKU16 绣眼鸟科(Zosteropidae) 尚不明确 香港 2012 22.海尔德冠状病毒亚属Herdecovirus 42.夜鹭冠状病毒HKU19 夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax) 尚不明确 香港 2012 4.γ-CoV 23.布莱岗冠状病毒亚属Brangacovirus 43.鹅冠状病毒CB17 鹅(Goose) 尚不明确 加拿大 2019 24.开岗冠状病毒亚属Cegacovirus 44.白鲸冠状病毒SW1 白鲸(Delphinapterus leucas) 白鲸肺病、肝衰竭 北美洲 2008 25.艾岗冠状病毒亚属Igacovirus 45.禽冠状病毒 鸟类(Aves) 鸟传染性支气管炎、火鸡传染性肠炎、蓝冠病 世界各地 1930 46.禽冠状病毒9203 绿翅鸭(Anas crecca) 尚不明确 波兰 2017 47.鸭冠状病毒2714 雁形目(Anseriiformes)、鸻形目(Charadriiformes) 鸭传染性腹泻 广东 2013 -
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