中国2002 — 2015年 ≥ 18岁成人在外就餐行为变化趋势及其对肥胖影响

魏潇琪; 琚腊红; 于冬梅; 郭齐雅; 赵丽云

doi:10.11847/zgggws1137746

中国2002 — 2015年 ≥ 18岁成人在外就餐行为变化趋势及其对肥胖影响

Changing trend in eating away from home and its impact on obesity among Chinese adults aged 18 and over: 2002 – 2015

摘要

摘要:
目的分析中国 ≥ 18岁成人2002 — 2015年在外就餐行为变化趋势及其对肥胖的影响。
方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查、2010 — 2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测和2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测中 ≥ 18岁成年居民在外就餐行为数据，采用χ²检验、Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验分析不同特征成人在外就餐比例及其变化趋势，多因素logistic回归分析在外就餐的影响因素及其对肥胖的影响。
结果 2002年、2010 — 2012年、2015年中国 ≥ 18岁成人过去1周3餐在外就餐比例分别为7.2 %、16.5 %、20.2 %，男性居民分别为9.8 %、20.0 %、25.1 %，女性居民分别为5.0 %、13.8 %、15.8 %。2002 — 2015年中国 ≥ 18岁成人在外就餐比例呈现增长趋势（P < 0.0001），成年男性和女性在外就餐比例也均呈现增长趋势（P < 0.0001）。多因素logistic 回归结果显示，男性、18～44岁、城市、家庭人均年收入 ≥ 20 000元、大专及以上文化程度、除农林牧渔水利业生产人员之外的其他在职人员、未婚的成人在外就餐的行为更加普遍。男性在外就餐组发生肥胖的风险约是非在外就餐组的1.166倍（P = 0.002），女性在外就餐组发生肥胖的风险约是非在外就餐组的0.922倍（P = 0.001）。
结论 2002 — 2015年中国 ≥ 18岁成人2002 — 2015年在外就餐比例呈现增长趋势，18～44岁、学历和收入较高的未婚职业男性在外就餐比例较高且呈现增长趋势，在外就餐可以增加肥胖的风险；建议加强在外就餐营养宣传教育，制定不同人群在外就餐膳食指南，引导我国居民养成健康的饮食行为和习惯。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the trend of eating away from home (EAFH) and its influence on obesity among Chinese adults from 2002 to 2015.
Methods The data on 44394, 37703 and 77944 residents aged 18 years and above were extracted from three waves of China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) conducted during 2002, 2010 – 2012 and 2015 across the country. The proportion and trend of EAFH among the adults by demographic and social-economic factors were analyzed with Chi-square and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore influencing factors of EAFH and the influence of EAFH on obesity.
Results Among all the participants surveyed in 2002, 2010 – 2012, and 2015, the proportions of reporting EAFH in past week were 7.2%, 16.5%, and 20.2%, with a significant increasing trend (P < 0.0001); for the male and female participants, the proportions were 9.8%, 20.0%, and 25.1% and 5.0%, 13.8%, and 15.8%, respectively, both with a significant increasing trend (P < 0.0001). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have EAFH: being male, at ages of 18 – 44 years, unmarried, with the annual household income of ≥ 20 000 yuan RMB per capita, having the education of college and above, and being on-the-job workers of other than agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries and water conservancy industry; the results also revealed that the male participants reporting EAFH were at an increased risk of obesity (odds ratio OR = 1. 166, ( 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 1.101 – 1.235; P = 0.002), but the females with EAFH were at a decreased risk of obesity (OR = 0.922, 95% CI: 0.861 – 0.986, P = 0.001).
Conclusion During 2002 – 2015 among Chinese adults aged 18 and above, the proportion of EAFH showed an increasing trend; the proportion was higher and the increasing trend was more obvious among the 18 – 44 years old unmarried adults with higher education and income. Frequent EAFH could increase obesity risk in the population. The results suggest that health education relevant to EAFH should be promoted among adult population in China.

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