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南方城市学前儿童家长身体活动养育实践及其影响因素分析

吴华 阮辉 王珊珊 丁才锦

吴华, 阮辉, 王珊珊, 丁才锦. 南方城市学前儿童家长身体活动养育实践及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2022, 38(8): 1030-1034. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1137782
引用本文: 吴华, 阮辉, 王珊珊, 丁才锦. 南方城市学前儿童家长身体活动养育实践及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2022, 38(8): 1030-1034. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1137782
WU Hua, RUAN Hui, WANG Shan-shan, . Physical activity parenting practice and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children in southern cities, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2022, 38(8): 1030-1034. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1137782
Citation: WU Hua, RUAN Hui, WANG Shan-shan, . Physical activity parenting practice and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children in southern cities, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2022, 38(8): 1030-1034. doi: 10.11847/zgggws1137782

南方城市学前儿童家长身体活动养育实践及其影响因素分析

doi: 10.11847/zgggws1137782
基金项目: 2016国家社会科学资金(16BTY058);2018年教育部人文社科项目(18XJC890004)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴华(1980 – ),女,湖南郴州人,副教授,博士在读,研究方向:儿童体质健康促进

    通信作者:

    阮辉, E-mail:463138137@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: G 807.1/G 616

Physical activity parenting practice and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children in southern cities, China

  • 摘要:   目的  了解家长围绕儿童身体活动特定的养育行为及促进和阻碍幼儿身体活动水平的家庭养育因素,为采取相应策略提高学前儿童身体活动水平提供依据。  方法  于2021年2月采用非概率抽样方式,使用自编问卷调查南方大中城市3 959名家长身体活动养育实践,列联表卡方检验探讨家庭不同角色对幼儿身体活动的影响。  结果  39.28 %的家长每周进行2~3次休闲体育活动,27.12 %的家长每周进行1次休闲体育活动,每周不进行活动者占20.86 %。亲子体育活动频率在1~2次/周的家长占58.59 %,其中“有氧运动”和“追逐、扮演游戏”是家长选择最多的内容,分别占55.83 %和52.68 %。从家庭对幼儿身体活动的支持来看,排在前3位的是“经常带孩子去公园等户外场所参加体育活动”(87.82 %)、“购买体育器材满足孩子的体育需求”(69.87 %)、“鼓励孩子自由玩耍”(69.21 %),只有26.02 %的家长选择“资助幼儿到体育培训机构学习”。父母角色差异(χ2 = 23.31,P < 0.001),性别刻板印象,以及家长对不同性别幼儿身体活动需求时间(χ2 = 9.91,P= 0.04)、强度(χ2 = 17.14,P < 0.01)上认知差异是家长支持性行为的主要制约因素。  结论  以家庭为基础的体育干预策略中,应克服以上制约因素,尤其发挥父亲的榜样作用、要求家庭提供多种支持,可能将对促进幼儿身体活动发挥更显著作用。
  • 表  1  不同亲子关系家长每周锻炼情况分布

    每周锻炼次数父亲母亲
    人数占比(%)AR人数占比(%)AR
    0次15617.33 – 3.3065722.473.30
    1次22725.22 – 1.4080927.671.40
    2~3次36740.781.101 13538.82 – 1.10
    4次819.003.201745.95 – 3.20
    ≥ 5次697.672.901495.10 – 2.90
    合计900100.002924100.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同性别幼儿的亲子活动内容分布

    亲子活动内容男童女童
    勾选数勾选占比(%)勾选数勾选占比(%)
    追逐、扮演游戏87451.2980454.36
    有氧运动95956.3081755.24
    球类运动75844.4847532.12
    协调性运动39823.3645630.83
    其他21812.7920914.13
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  家长对不同性别幼儿需要PA时间认知情况

    家长认为幼儿
    需要的PA时间
    男童女童
    人数占比(%)AR个数占比(%)AR
    30 min左右44221.03 – 1.6043023.161.60
    1 h左右94044.72 – 0.3083845.130.30
    2 h左右55326.310.2048426.06 – 0.20
    ≥ 3 h1326.282.80804.31 – 2.80
    无所谓351.670.80251.35 – 0.80
    合计2102100.001857100.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  家长对不同性别幼儿需要PA强度认知情况

    家长认为体育
    活动需要强度
    男性女性
    人数占比(%)AR人数占比(%)AR
    小强度53025.21 – 457330.864
    中强度1 44868.8931 19764.46 – 3
    大强度472.241.40301.61 – 1.40
    无所谓773.661573.07 – 1
    合计2102100.001857100.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 接收日期:  2021-12-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-07-29
  • 刊出日期:  2022-08-31

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