Abstract: As an important measure to deal with population aging, long - term care insurance (LTCI) has played a significant role in relieving the pressure of long - term care for the elders. Through six years′ practice since 2016, each pilot city in China has basically established the LTCI system that conforms to its own reality. In order to verify the implementation effect of the LTCI system, scholars at home and abroad mainly focused on the three dimensions of government, markets and individuals. The implementation of LTCI has effectively reduced government and personal pressure, improved health status of beneficiaries and promoted the development of nursing and insurance market. However, the implementation effect of the LTCI is affected by many factors such as social demography and social economics. Due to the lack of a corresponding comprehensive evaluation index system, it is difficult to compare the implementation effect of the LTCI in different regions with a single index. Future researches should comprehensively consider the government, the market and individuals, and establish a systematic evaluation system for the implementation effect of the LTCI.