奥密克戎变异株流行期浙江省 ≥ 60岁新型冠状病毒肺炎本土感染者特征分析

刘碧瑶; 王臻; 戚小华; 张人杰; 边俏; 江敏

doi:10.11847/zgggws1139326

奥密克戎变异株流行期浙江省 ≥ 60岁新型冠状病毒肺炎本土感染者特征分析

Characteristics of local COVID-19 cases aged ≥ 60 years in Zhejiang province during epidemic period dominantly due to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection

摘要

摘要:
目的分析奥密克戎变异株流行期浙江省老年新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）本土感染者流行特征，为完善老年人群本土奥密克戎疫情防控工作提供依据。
方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2022年3月1日 — 4月30日浙江省 ≥ 60岁COVID-19本土感染者个案资料，结合现场流行病学调查信息，统计描述感染者的流行特征以及临床症状严重程度。
结果共报告 ≥ 60岁COVID-19本土感染者163例，其中确诊病例82例，占50.31 %；无症状感染者81例，占49.69 %。确诊病例中轻型69例，占84.15 %；普通型13例，占15.85 %；无重型/危重型及死亡病例报告。感染者男女比为0.92 : 1；年龄最小60岁，最大95岁，中位年龄68岁；职业以非社会就业人员为主，共113例，占69.33 %；75例患有基础性疾病，占46.01 %；93例完成新冠病毒疫苗加强免疫接种，占57.06 %；发现方式以集中隔离为主，共114例，占69.94 %。与无心脑血管疾病组相比，心脑血管疾病组普通型（以无症状感染者为参照）构成比更高（P = 0.008）；与未完成新冠病毒加强免疫接种组相比，加强免疫接种组普通型（分别以无症状感染者、轻型为参照）构成比更低（P = 0.015；P = 0.012）。
结论推进老年人新冠病毒疫苗加强接种以及加快研制更具针对性的奥密克戎疫苗具有重要意义；奥密克戎变异株流行期老年感染者总体症状较轻，仍需关注其病情变化，并应重视老年人日常社区生活和职业相关疫情风险环节，提高疫情早期发现和管控能力。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the characteristics of local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases aged ≥ 60 years in Zhejiang province during the epidemic period dominantly due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection for providing evidence to the improvement of COVID-19 prevention and control among the elderly.
Methods The information on all local COVID-19 cases aged ≥ 60 years at the diagnosis reported in Zhejiang province from March through April, 2022 were extracted from the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and from the reports of field surveys on the cases. Descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze epidemiological characteristics of the cases.
Results Of a total of 163 elderly local COVID-19 cases reported during the two months, 82 (50.31%) were confirmed cases and 81 (49.69%) were asymptomatic infections. Among the 82 confirmed cases, 69 (84.15%) were mild type and 13 (15.85%) were common type; no severe/critical case and mortality were reported. For all the cases, the male to female ratio was 0.92 : 1; the age ranged from 60 to 95 years, with a median age of 68 years. The majority (69.33%, n = 113) of the cases′ occupations were non-social workers. Nearly a half (46.01%, n = 75) of the cases had underlying diseases. More than a half (57.06%, n = 93) of the cases had full-dose COVID-19 vaccination with booster injection. Of the cases, 69.94% (114) were identified among the people under centralized medical observation. Among the cases with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the proportion of common type patients was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic infection compared with the cases without the diseases (P = 0.008). The proportion of common type COVID-19 was significantly lower than that of asymptomatic infection (P = 0.015) and mild type COVID-19 (P = 0.012) for the cases with booster COVID-19 vaccination in comparison with those without the booster vaccination.
Conclusion The clinical manifestation of local elderly COVID-19 cases was generally mild during the epidemic induced mainly by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The study results suggested that promoting COVID-19 vaccination and developing Omicron variant-specific vaccine are of significance for COVID-19 epidemic control and prevention in elderly population.

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